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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 150 (1968), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Acyl-amino-alcyl benzoic acid derivative ; hypoglycaemic agent ; insulin release ; pancreatic polypeptide ; glucagon ; somatostatin ; tolbutamide ; unanaesthetized dogs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of HB 699, a non-sulphonyl urea acyl-amino-alcyl benzoic acid derivative, were studied in unanaesthetized dogs. Changes in blood glucose and plasma insulin, glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide and somatostatin were measured after a single intravenous injection. HB 699 caused hypoglycaemia and stimulated insulin secretion in a dosedependent manner. The effects of HB 699 (40 mg/ kg) on pancreatic hormone secretion were compared to those of tolbutamide given at a dose (12 mg/kg) which induced a similar maximal hypoglycaemia. Both drugs caused a similar increase in insulin release (180±32% for tolbutamide and 240±41% for HB 699) lasting for approximately 1 hour. Despite hypoglycaemia, plasma glucagon concentrations were unaltered by either substance. HB 699 caused a marked increase in the secretion of pancreatic polypeptide (220±60% at 30 min) for up to 2 hours, whereas tolbutamide caused no significant change in plasma pancreatic polypeptide levels. In contrast, while tolbutamide caused a significant (45±12%) but short-lived increase in plasma somatostatin concentrations, HB 699 had no significant effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin-secretion ; tolbutamide ; sulfonyl-urea hypoglycemic sulfonamide ; mannoheptulose ; diazoxide ; isolated perfused rat pancreas
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The stimulating action of tolbutamide on insulin secretion presents two components; the first is independent of the presence of glucose in the medium which perfuses the beta cells; the second is, on the contrary, dependent upon glucose. D-mannoheptulose and diazoxide permit the dissociation of these two components; the antagonistic effect of the first exerts itself uniquely on that part of the stimulating action of tolbutamide which is gluco-dependent; on the contrary, the antagonistic effect of the second exerts itself on both phases of the stimulating action of the sulfonamide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Hypothermia ; temperature ; insulin release ; glucagon release ; isolated perfused rat pancreas ; glucose ; acetylcholine ; tolbutamide ; arginine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Two series of experiments with the isolated perfused rat pancreas were performed in parallel. The conditions differed only with respect to temperature, which was 37.5 °C in one series and 28 °C in the other. The lowering of the temperature decreased insulin secretion induced by glucose as well as the insulin response to tolbutamide and acetylcholine. Unlike insulin, glucagon secretion was not significantly modified by hypothermia. Our results suggest that the mechanisms involved in glucagon and insulin secretion are different.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Benzothiadiazine analogue ; LN 5330 ; diazoxide ; glucagon ; insulin ; somatostatin secretion ; dog ; isolated perfused rat pancreas
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary LN 5330 is a new benzothiadiazine which is a structural analogue of diazoxide. Its effects in vivo were studied on blood glucose levels and insulin, glucagon and somatostatin secretion in normal dogs, and in vitro on glucagon and insulin secretion from the isolated perfused rat pancreas. The results were compared with those obtained with diazoxide at equimolar dose or concentration. In the normal anaesthetized dog having a T-shaped catheter inserted in the pancreaticoduodenal vein, the infusion of LN 5330 (87.8 μmol/kg for 20 min) induced (1) a progressive increase in blood glucose levels, (2) a rapid decrease in insulin and somatostatin output rate, (3) an immediate increase in pancreatic glucagon secretion, and (4) a delayed decrease of arterial blood pressure. The equimolar dose of diazoxide provoked the same effects on blood glucose levels, insulin and somatostatin output, but a marked decrease in glucagon output and in arterial blood pressure. In the isolated rat pancreas perfused with 8.3 mmol/l glucose, the infusion of LN 5330 (440 μmol/l for 30 min) induced a drastic fall in insulin and a rapid and persistent increase in glucagon output. This stimulatory effect on glucagon secretion was not found with diazoxide at equimolar concentration. These findings show that LN 5330 is a substance which is distinct from diazoxide and interesting because of its double action: inhibition of insulin secretion and stimulation of glucagon secretion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin-secretionin vivo andin vitro ; hypoglycaemic sulphonamide ; oral antidiabetic substances ; glibenclamide ; tolbutamide ; insulin secretion stimulator
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Le glibenclamide ou HB 419 est un nouveau sulfonylurée hypoglycémiant particulièrement actif. Chez le chien normal éveillé, par voie intra-veineuse, il est 240 ou 440 fois plus actif que le tolbutamide suivant que les doses sont exprimées en poids ou en moles. Cette action hypoglycémiante ne se manifeste pas chez le chien totalement dépancréaté. — Ce produit stimule la sécrétion d'insuline.In vivo chez le chien anesthésié l'administration intra-veineuse de HB 419 augmente l'insulinémie dans la veine pancréatico-duodénale pendant les 7 h que dure l'expérience. A 2 mg/kg per os l'augmentation de l'insulinémie périphérique persiste 24 h aprés l'administration. L'hyperinsulinémie a été également décelée dans la veine pancréatico-duodénale, chez l'animal éveillé, grâce à un cathéter placé à demeure dans cette veine.In vitro l'action insulino-sécrétrice directe a été démontrée sur le pancréas isolé et perfusé du rat. Cette substance s'oppose en outre à l'action inhibitrice du diazoxide sur l'insulino-sécrétionin vivo etin vitro. — Chez le chien dépancréaté ce produit potentialise les effets de l'insuline.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Das Glibenclamid oder HB 419 ist ein neuer blutzuckersenkender Sulfonylharnstoff von besonders hoher Wirksamkeit. Beim normalen Hund zeigt er bei intravenöser Verabreichung im Wachzustand eine 240 oder 440 mal stärkere Wirkung als Tolbutamid, je nachdem ob die Dosen nach Gewicht oder Mol berechnet wurden. Nach totaler Pankreatektomie ließ sich diese Wirkung beim Hund nicht mehr nachweisen. HB 419 stimuliert die Insulinsekretion. Beim anästhesierten Hund führt die intravenöse Gabe des Präparatesin vivo zu einem Anstieg der Insulinspiegel in der vena pancreatico-duodenalis über 7 Std., welche die Dauer des Experiments darstellen. Bei oraler Verabreichung von 2 mg/kg hält die Erhöhung der peripheren Insulinämie noch 24 Std. nach der Zufuhr des Medikamentes an. Auch bei Tieren im Wachzustand war diese Erhöhung der InsulinSpiegel in der vena pancreatico-duodenalis mit Hilfe eines in dieses Gefäß eingebrachten Dauerkatheters festzustellen. Daß es sich dabei um eine direkte Steigerung der Insulinsekretion handelt, konnte am isolierten perfundierten Rattenpankreasin vitro nachgewiesen werden. Das Präparat übt fernerin vitro undin vivo eine antagonistische Wirkung auf die Hemmung der Insulinsekretion durch Diazoxid aus. Beim pankreatektomierten Hund verstärkt es den Insulineffekt.
    Notes: Summary Glibenclamide or HB 419 is a new, particularly active hypoglycaemic sulphonylurea. In the normal, conscious dog, HB 419 administered intravenously was 240 or 440 times more active than tolbutamide, depending on whether the dosage is expressed in grams or in moles. The hypoglycaemic effect did not occur in the totally pancreatectomized dog. HB 419 stimulated insulin secretion. HB 419 administered intravenously in the anaesthetized dog increased insulinaemia in the pancreatico-duodenal vein for 7 h, which represents the duration of the experiment. After oral administration of 2 mg/kg, the increase of peripheral insulinaemia persisted for 24 h. Hyperinsulinaemia was also found in the pancreaticoduodenal vein in the conscious dog, when a catheter was permanently inserted into the said vein. The direct insulinsecreting effect has been shown on the isolated, perfused rat pancreasin vitro. This drug also counteracted the inhibitory effect of diazoxide on insulin-secretion bothin vivo andin vitro. — Furthermore, this drug potentiated the effects of insulin in the pancreatectomized dog.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin secretionin vivo andin vitro ; hypoglycaemic sulphonamide ; oral antidiabetic substances ; RP 22410 ; tolbutamide ; insulin secretion stimulator ; islets of Langerhans ; islet development ; beta cells ; betacytotrophic action ; Glisoxepid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Le glisoxepid ou RP 22410 est un nouveau sulfonylurée hypoglycémiant très actif. Chez le chien normal éveillé, administré par voie intraveineuse, il est 81 ou 131 fois plus actif que le tolbutamide, suivant que les doses sont exprimées en poids ou en moles. Cette action hypoglycémiante ne se manifeste pas chez le chien totalement dépancréaté. — Ce produit stimule la sécrétion d'insuline.In vivo chez le chien anesthésié ou éveillé, l'action du produit (que celui-ci soit administré par voie intraveineuse ou par voie digestive) se traduit par une augmentation rapide et considérable de la quantité d'insuline sécrétée par le pancréas. Cette action se prolonge pendant plusieurs heures.In vitro l'action directe du produit sur le pancréas a été démontrée sur le pancréas isolé et perfusé du rat, même à très faibles concentrations. — Chez la souris le RP 22410 administré chroniquementper os stimule la néogénèse des îlots de Langerhans et des cellules bêta. Il est donc doué de l'action bêtacytotrophe.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Glisoxepid oder RP 22410 ist ein neuer, stark aktiver, blutzuckersenkender Sulfonylharnstoff. Je nachdem ob die Dosen in Gewichten oder Mol ausgedrückt werden, ist er am wachen Hund bei intravenöser Applikation 81 bzw. 131mal aktiver als Tolbutamid. Die blutzuckersenkende Wirkung zeigt sich nicht am vollständig pankreatektomierten Hund. -Diese Substanz stimuliert die Insulinsekretion.In vivo zeigt sich ihre Wirkung am anästhesierten oder wachen Hund in einer schnellen und beträchtlichen Erhöhung der vom Pankreas sezernierten Insulinmenge unabhängig davon ob sie intravenös oderper os verabreicht wird. Diese Wirkung bleibt über mehrere Stunden bestehen.In vitro wurde die direkte Wirkung der Substanz auf den isolierten und perfundierten Pankreas der Ratte auch in sehr geringen Konzentrationen nachgewiesen. -Bei der Maus stimuliert RP 22410 bei chronischer Verabreichungper os die Neubildung von Langerhansschen Inseln und B-Zellen. Sie besitzt daher eine betacytotrophe Wirkung.
    Notes: Summary Glisoxepid or RP 22410 is a new very active hypoglycaemic sulphonylurea. In the normal conscious dog, RP 22410 administered intravenously was 81 or 131 times more active than tolbutamide, depending on whether the dose is expressed in grams or in moles. The hypoglycaemic effect did not occur in the totally pancreatectomized dog. — RP 22410 stimulated insulin secretion.In vivo in the anaesthetized or conscious dog, the action of the drug (whether it be administered intravenously or orally) resulted in a rapid and considerable increase of the amount of insulin secreted by the pancreas. This action lasted several hours.In vitro the direct action of the product on the pancreas was demonstrated on the isolated and perfused rat pancreas, even at very low concentrations. — In the mouse, prolonged oral administration of RP 22410 stimulated neogenesis of the islets of Langerhans and of the beta cells. It therefore possesses betacytotrophic action.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Beta cell ; isolated pancreas ; insulin secretion ; acetylcholine ; eserine ; cholinergic receptors ; muscarinic receptors ; atropine ; muscarine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Studies of the role and nature of the cholinergic receptors acting on the secretion of isolated perfused rat pancreas have shown the following: The infusion of acetylcholine at a dose of 2.5 μM in the presence of a concentration of glucose of 1.5 g/1, provoked a first phase of immediate and important stimulation of the secretion of insulin; this initial peak of insulin secretion was followed by a second phase during which a new less intense stimulation occurred; the latter was followed by an inhibition appearing at a time that depended on the pancreas used. At a dose of 0.5 μM of acetylcholine, the first phase of stimulation always appeared; during the second phase some pancreases were inhibited, others remained stimulated. — The peak of insulin secretion obtained by stimulation with acetylcholine during the first phase was dose related. — Eserine intensified the effects of acetylcholine. — The presence of glucose was essential for the insulinsecretory action of acetylcholine. The muscarinic nature of the cholinergic receptors implicated in the secretion of insulin was demonstrated by the use of: — Atropine which completely blocked the effects of acetylcholine, — Muscarine which produced the same effects as acetylcholine on our pancreas preparation, effects which were equally inhibited by atropine. The cholinergic receptors of the endocrine beta cell of the islet of Langerhans of the pancreas are therefore of the muscarinic type.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin secretion ; adrenaline ; noradrenaline ; catecholamines ; dog ; blood glucose ; propranolol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of adrenaline and noradrenaline infusions on pancreaticoduodenal venous insulin output were studied in anaesthetized normal dogs. Two experimental protocols were used. In the first, the dogs had a normal blood glucose level at the start of the catecholamine infusion (normoglycaemic dogs). In the second, the animals were made hyperglycaemic by a continuous glucose infusion (hyperglycaemic dogs). In the normoglycaemic dogs, adrenaline (0.5 μg · kg-1 · min-1) provoked hyperglycaemia accompanied by an increase in insulin output. Noradrenaline (0.5 μg · kg-1 · min-1) also caused an increase in insulin output but without any significant change in blood glucose. In hyperglycaemic dogs, adrenaline (2 μg · kg-1 · min-1) reduced the insulin response and enhanced the hyperglycaemia; noradrenaline (2 μg · kg-1 · min-1) markedly increased the insulin response (+ 2250%) without any significant change in blood glucose. Propranolol (0.3 mg/kg, IV) prevented the increase of insulin induced by noradrenaline. These findings show that, in the normal dog, adrenaline and noradrenaline infusions can produce opposite effects on insulin response depending on the experimental conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Glibenclamide ; hypoglycaemic sulphonamide ; oral antidiabetic substances ; islets of Langerhans ; islet development ; beta cells ; betacytotrophic action ; insulin secretion ; insulin synthesis ; diabetes prevention
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les auteurs ont montré chez la souris que le HB 419 administré chroniquement, stimule le développement des îlots de Langerhans et des cellules bêta. Ce produit est donc doué de l'≪action bêtacytotrophe. Chez le chien normal, l'administration pendant 4 mois de HB 419 a pour effets d'abaisser la glycémie à jeun ainsi que l'ensemble de la courbe de la glycémie nycthémérale.- L'expérimentation effectuée montre que sous l'influence de l'administration prolongée de HB 419, la quantité d'insuline endogène synthétisée et sécrétée en plus de la sécrétion normale est considérable.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Die Autoren zeigten an Mäusen, daß chronische Gaben von HB 419 die Entwicklung der Langerhans'schen Inseln und der B-Zellen fördern. Die Substanz besitzt also eine betacytotrophe Wirkung“.Bei normalen Hunden bewirkt Zufuhr von HB 419 über 4 Monate eine Senkung der Nüchternblutzucker-Werte und der 24 Std-Blutzuckerkurven. Unter den gewählten Versuchsbedingungen konnte demonstriert werden, daß es unter dem Einfluß einer Dauerzufuhr von HB 419 zu einer erheblichen Mehrproduktion und Mehrfreisetzung von endogenem Insulin kommt.
    Notes: Summary The authors have demonstrated that HB 419 chronically administered in the mouse, stimulated the development of the islets of Langerhans and particularly that of the beta cells. This substance is thus endowed with a “beta cytotrophic” action. — In the normal dog, HB 419 administered over a four-month period resulted in a decreased fasting glycaemia, as well as a decrease of the entire nyctohemeral glycaemia curve. The experiments carried out showed that under the influence of prolonged HB 419 administration, the amount of endogenous insulin synthesized and secreted over and above the normal secretory level, was considerable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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