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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atomic force microscope patterning on plasma deposited polyacetylene film (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 78 (1995), S. 2242-2247 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Nanometer-thick hydrocarbon films were plasma polymerized in a rf pulse discharge in an acetylene/argon mixture and were mechanically patterned by the AFM (atomic force microscope). In addition a dc bias voltage was applied to the gold coated Si3N4 AFM tip. Depending on the experimental conditions, different patterns have been observed: mechanical indentation, electric charge, and material deposition. The viscous properties of the plasma deposited film affects the movement of the AFM tip while it is scanning the surface in a contact mode, and also affects the size and shape of the patterned area. Spikes of about 25–72 nm height and 60–200 nm width were formed from gold transferred from the newly mounted gold coated tips. The mechanism of gold deposition could be assigned to the Joule heating of the tip, resulting from the electric breakdown of underlying dielectric layers. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.360140
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of hard transparent B–C–N–H thin films formed by plasma chemical-vapor deposition at room temperature (1985)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 58 (1985), S. 3185-3189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: B–C–N–H thin films were deposited by plasma chemical-vapor deposition with an external capacitively coupled reactor at an rf frequency of 13.56 MHz. The films were formed from a gas mixture of B2H6 (5.25 vol % in N2), methane, and argon or nitrogen as carrier gases. The deposition was carried out at room temperature and without heating the substrate. The films were transparent in the range of 10 000–2000-A(ring) wavelengths. The Knoop microhardnesses were 1825–3324 kg/mm2 and the refractive index was 1.3–1.6. An extensive discussion of the effect of the deposition conditions on both microhardness and film composition is given. In addition, the interrelation between the microhardness and composition is illustrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.335826
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low-temperature noncontact atomic-force microscope with quick sample and cantilever exchange mechanism (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 72 (2001), S. 2971-2976 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We present the design and performance of a noncontact atomic-force microscope (AFM) operating at low temperatures (LTNCAFM). For the first time, a "top bath" cryostat is used to avoid long-distance translation of the AFM unit, while protecting the fragile optical fiber, and to reduce outgassing. The top bath cryostat is optimized by using three radiation shields with two shutters. The AFM unit is cooled down to 5 K for 14 h with 4.6 l liquid helium. The quick sample and cantilever exchange is performed even at low temperatures. The optimal positioning of the optical fiber with respect to a cantilever can be performed with a three-dimensional micropositioner within 10 min. The high performance of the LTNCAFM is demonstrated with an atomically resolved image of a Si(111)7×7 surface. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1368854
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Overview of large helical device diagnostics (invited) : Papers from the thirteenth topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 72 (2001), S. 483-491 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The Large Helical Device (LHD) is the largest helical machine with superconducting coils. Key diagnostics issues for LHD are: (a) capability for multidimensional measurements because of the nonaxisymmetric toroidal plasma; (b) measurements of the electric field; (c) cross check of fundamental parameters using different methods; (d) advanced measurements appropriate for steady-state operation; and (e) a satisfactory data acquisition system. The design and research and development of plasma diagnostics were carried out taking these issues into consideration. As a result, the present status of diagnostics is described: diagnostics for LHD operation, fundamental diagnostics for plasma performance, diagnostics for physics subjects, innovative diagnostics and diagnostics for long-pulse operation. The LHD experiment started in March, 1998. Since then, the development of diagnostics has kept pace with the experimental campaigns. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1310581
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Initial long-pulse plasma heating at reduced power with negative-ion-based neutral beam injector in large helical device (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 70 (1999), S. 4260-4265 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We have achieved long-pulse plasma heating using a negative-ion-based neutral beam injector (NBI) in the large helical device (LHD), where the confinement magnetic field is generated by only external superconducting coils. In the initial long-pulse experiments at lower power than that in short-pulse experiments, 80 keV–1.1 MW NBI heating lasted for 10 s with a little increase in the plasma density at the pulse end. Almost steady-state plasma heating was achieved for 21 s with 66 keV–0.6 MW NB injection. Plasma relaxation oscillation phenomena at a period of 1–2 s were also observed for 20 s. Above 1 keV plasma was easily sustained with a long-pulse NBI heating in LHD, without the current drive nor the disruption in tokamaks. Negative ion source operation was stable and the cooling water temperature rise of beam accelerator grids was nearly saturated with a temperature rise below 10 °C. For a higher power injection, the pulse duration is determined by the beam blocking, where the reionization loss is exponentially increased together with an increase in outgas in the injection port. The port conditioning by a careful repetition of injection is effective to the extension of the injection duration and the plasma maintenance duration. The initial long-pulse NBI heating at the reduced power has demonstrated an ability of steady-state operation in superconducting LHD. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1150063
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atomic resolution images of metal surfaces exposed in oil using a scanning tunneling microscope (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 68 (1990), S. 2528-2529 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Fresh surfaces of polycrystalline Al-49.2%Cu, Al, and In are fabricated in duffusion pump oil, and observed in situ using a scanning tunneling microscope. The current images reflect the atomic arrays on their surfaces. More clear images with atomic resolution are observable about 10 h later compared with those just after the fabrication. Atomic resolution images are observable in oil several days after, with increasing noise.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.347174
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    2–10 nm scale plasma polymerized organic films (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 6425-6426 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Ultrathin organic films can be used in electronics for several applications. There are a few ways of preparation of such films and one is plasma polymerization. Traditionally, comparatively thick films, 100–1000 nm, are deposited by this method and studied. But, for electronic devices, 10 nm or thinner films are of great importance to any wet technique considered to be unsuitable for perfect layer formation. In this work we have deposited 2–10 nm scale ultrathin hydrocarbon films on silicon wafers. A capacitively coupled rf discharge was initiated in a short residence time box-type reactor in a uniform flow of an acetylene/argon mixture. The gas kinetic residence time in the plasma zone was limited to 5–70 ms to decrease synthesis of heavy gas phase products and to suppress particulate formation. Distribution of film thickness after the deposition was measured by an ellipsometer. The film surface topography was studied by an atomic force microscope that shows the films are smooth and pinhole free. Thus our preliminary results suggest that ultrathin uniform smooth organic films suitable for electronic applications can be deposited in a reproducible manner.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.355121
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inward turbulent particle transport in a helical plasma heated by neutral beam injection (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 8 (2001), S. 4035-4041 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In neutral-beam-injection (NBI) heated plasmas of the Compact Helical System (CHS) heliotron/torsatron [K. Matsuoka et al., Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research, 1988 (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1989), Vol. 2, p. 441], inward turbulent particle flux is observed at a particular radial location near the plasma edge. The observed reversal of the particle flux is connected to the change in the cross-phase between electron density and poloidal electric field fluctuations. This phenomenon is observed in the parameter regime of low collisionality at the electron temperature Te〉15 eV, electron density ne〈3×1018 m−3, which approximately corresponds to the effective collision frequency normalized by the transit frequency of a circulating particle ν*(approximately-less-than)1. The large inward particle flux ((approximately-greater-than)1×1020 m−2 s−1) correlates with the positive shear of the radial electric field Er′ ((approximately-greater-than)1×106 V m−2), but does not have clear correlation with the radial electric field Er and the curvature Er″. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1387267
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multifaceted asymmetric radiation from the edge-like asymmetric radiative collapse of density limited plasmas in the Large Helical Device (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 8 (2001), S. 3861-3864 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Neutral beam injection heated discharges at the density limit in the Large Helical Device [O. Motojima, H. Yamada, A. Komori et al., Phys. Plasmas 6, 1843 (1999)] are terminated with asymmetric radiative collapse (ARC) exhibiting several properties in common with the MARFE (multifaceted asymmetric radiation from the edge) phenomenon: (1) A highly poloidally asymmetric radiation profile which is stronger on the inboard side. (2) This asymmetry is well correlated with the signal from the multichord interferometer. (3) Moreover, evidence from several diagnostics at different toroidal locations supports the possibility that ARC may be toroidally symmetric. However in contrast to MARFE, ARC is only observed in the period just prior to the quench of the plasma. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1390330
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Initial physics achievements of large helical device experiments : The 40th annual meeting of the division of plasma physics of the american physical society (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 6 (1999), S. 1843-1850 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The Large Helical Device (LHD) experiments [O. Motojima, et al., Proceedings, 16th Conference on Fusion Energy, Montreal, 1996 (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1997), Vol. 3, p. 437] have started this year after a successful eight-year construction and test period of the fully superconducting facility. LHD investigates a variety of physics issues on large scale heliotron plasmas (R=3.9 m, a=0.6 m), which stimulates efforts to explore currentless and disruption-free steady plasmas under an optimized configuration. A magnetic field mapping has demonstrated the nested and healthy structure of magnetic surfaces, which indicates the successful completion of the physical design and the effectiveness of engineering quality control during the fabrication. Heating by 3 MW of neutral beam injection (NBI) has produced plasmas with a fusion triple product of 8×1018 keV m−3 s at a magnetic field of 1.5 T. An electron temperature of 1.5 keV and an ion temperature of 1.4 keV have been achieved. The maximum stored energy has reached 0.22 MJ, which corresponds to 〈β〉=0.7%, with neither unexpected confinement deterioration nor visible magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) instabilities. Energy confinement times, reaching 0.17 s at the maximum, have shown a trend similar to the present scaling law derived from the existing medium sized helical devices, but enhanced by 50%. The knowledge on transport, MHD, divertor, and long pulse operation, etc., are now rapidly increasing, which implies the successful progress of physics experiments on helical currentless-toroidal plasmas. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.873443
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