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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cumulative interface roughness and magnetization in antiferromagnetically coupled NiCo/Cu multilayers : The 6th joint magnetism and magnetic materials (MMM)-intermag conference (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 7084-7086 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Cumulative interface roughness and its influence on the magnetization process in antiferromagnetically coupled (Ni80Co20/Cu)×N multilayers is studied. In these multilayers, Cu and Ni80Co20 thicknesses are fixed at 20 and 15 A(ring), respectively, in order to obtain the antiferromagnetic coupling at the second oscillation peak of giant magnetoresistance (GMR) versus Cu thickness. Low-angle x-ray reflectivity measurements show that cumulative interface roughness increases with increasing bilayer number N. In-plane magnetization hysteresis measured with both SQUID and surface magneto-optic Kerr effect (SMOKE) magnetometers are compared. When the cumulative interface roughness is significant, SMOKE hysteresis loops, which are sensitive to the top 5 or 6 magnetic layers, display a nonlinear plateau region at small fields. Comparison of low-angle x-ray, and SMOKE results show that interfaces of relatively high quality in top layers only exist for sputtered multilayer with N〈10.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.358528
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolution of structure and magnetoresistance in granular Ni(Fe,Co)/Ag multilayers: Dependence on magnetic layer thickness : The 6th joint magnetism and magnetic materials (MMM)−intermag conferenc (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 6796-6798 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Structural and magnetoresistance results on annealed sputtered (Ni81Fe19, Ni66Fe16Co18)/Ag granular multilayers are presented. Structural evolution has shown that highly (111) textured, discontinuous layered structures can persist on annealing up to 400 °C. The average magnetic particle size is controlled by the annealing temperature and the initial magnetic layer thickness. No giant magnetoresistance was observed in the as-deposited films, while significant MR was found after annealing between 300 °C and 400 °C. Magnetoresistance over 30%, together with a small saturation field, was found at 4.2 K for a starting magnetic thickness of 4 A(ring). Increasing the magnetic layer thickness to 20 A(ring) greatly improves the magnetic thermal stability, and leads to high magnetoresistive sensitivities of up to 0.35%/Oe in a field of 10 Oe at room temperature. The magnetization hysteresis, anisotropy, and magnetic interaction in such a granular multilayer are also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.358133
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Formation, structure, and crystallization of Al-rich metallic glasses (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 4438-4441 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The formation, structure, and the crystallization of Al85YxNi15−x are studied using x-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. The results show two distinct glasses depending on composition. Y-rich glasses (x≥8) are homogeneous with a well-defined glass transition. The x-ray diffraction patterns have a single main peak. These glasses crystallize through a nucleation and growth process. Y-poor glasses (x〈8) do not show a glass transition and have a shoulder on the high-angle side of the main peak in their x-ray diffraction patterns. We show that the shoulder peak is due to quenched-in Al nuclei. These glasses are shown to crystallize through the growth of these nuclei. Y-rich glasses (x≥8) are more stable as demonstrated by the presence of the glass transition and their higher crystallization temperature, enthalpy, and activation energy. The occurrence of a prepeak for all compositions is attributed to Y-Y pairs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.355958
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature dependence of the Landau–Lifshitz damping parameter for iron : The 5th Joint MMM−Intermag Conference (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 6545-6547 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The temperature dependence of the Landau–Lifshitz damping parameter for pure iron has been obtained over the temperature range 290–800 K from the observed amplitude of 73-GHz microwave radiation transmitted through thin single-crystalline slabs, approximately 45 μm thick, at an applied magnetic field corresponding to ferromagnetic antiresonance (FMAR). FMAR occurs when the internal flux density B satisfies the condition B=ω/γ, where ω is the circular frequency of the microwave radiation and γ is the gyromagnetic ratio. An applied magnetic field parallel with the specimen plane was used. The Landau–Lifshitz damping parameter was found to increase slowly and monotonically with temperature from the room-temperature value (0.70 ± 0.06) × 108 Hz to (0.86 ± 0.06)× 108 Hz at 800 K.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.349902
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct determination of cobalt site preferences at infinite dilution in iron-based intermetallic compounds (invited) (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 67 (1990), S. 4742-4746 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Extremely low doping levels (∼1 ppm) and unambiguous interpretation combine to make the Mössbauer-source technique an ideal method for determining cobalt site preferences in intermetallic compounds. Data on Gd2Fe17 and Nd2Fe14B are presented and compared with earlier work using Mössbauer spectroscopy, NMR, and neutron diffraction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.344798
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic anisotropies in ultrathin fcc Fe(001) films grown on Cu(001) substrates : 35 th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 5206-5208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Brillouin light scattering and ferromagnetic resonance have been used to measure the magnetic-field dependence of the magnon frequency at room temperature for three- monolayer-thick films of fcc Fe(001) grown by means of molecular-beam epitaxy on Cu(001) substrates. These films exhibit a strong uniaxial magnetic anisotropy which causes the magnetization to be oriented perpendicular to the film plane in zero applied field. Four specimens were grown on copper substrates prepared using a chemical polishing technique which avoided the use of abrasives: This treatment greatly reduced the density of etch pits on the copper surface. The uniaxial anisotropies found for these specimens were very consistent and comparable to that previously measured for the best film grown on a mechanically polished copper substrate. There is evidence that substrate smoothness is improved and, hence, that the uniaxial anisotropy is increased when the substrate is covered with a few monolayers of epitaxial copper before the iron films are grown.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.348076
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of annealing on the giant magnetoresistance of sputtered Co/Cu multilayers : 38th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 6534-6536 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Co/Cu multilayers with the form of glass/Cu 50 A(ring)[Co11.5 A(ring)/Cu(tCu)]30/Cu50 A(ring), prepared by rf triode sputtering, exhibit oscillatory magnetoresistance (MR), as a function of the Cu layer thickness with a period of (approximately-equal-to)12 A(ring) and maximum MR values of 36.8% and 22.3% at 77 and 295 K, respectively. In order to study the effect of annealing on the structural and magnetic properties, five samples with Cu thicknesses between 9 and 34 A(ring) were heat treated at temperatures up to 300 °C and analyzed by low- and high-angle x-ray diffraction, MR, and mageto-optic Kerr effect measurements. Annealing at moderate temperatures for the samples with Cu thicknesses around the second and third MR peaks leads to an initial increase in the MR. In contrast, annealing causes only a monotonic MR decrease for the sample at the first peak with a Cu thickness of 9 A(ring).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.356939
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polytypic phase formation in DyAl3 by rapid solidification (1991)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 58 (1991), S. 125-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Amorphous ribbons of AlxDy100−x, 93(approximately-greater-than)x(approximately-greater-than)85, were obtained by melt spinning. During crystallization, in addition to Al, four different metastable crystalline phases of DyAl3 were observed. These phases are, in order of appearance, the high-pressure face-centered cubic phase, γ-DyAl3 and three polytypic rhombohedral phases, β-DyAl3, β'-DyAl3, and α'-DyAl3. It is the first time that the β' phase in rare-earth trialuminides and the α' phase in Dy-Al alloy system have been observed. It is shown that all these phases are associated with the polytypic packing of the hexagonal DyAl3 atomic layers. The relative stability of the phases is found to be related to the hexagonal to cubic stacking ratio in the structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.104948
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Composition and temperature dependence of coercivity of Nd-Fe-B alloys crystallized from the amorphous state (abstract) (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 64 (1988), S. 5552-5552 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: As a first step to study the role of second phases in achieving excellent hard magnetic properties in Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets we have prepared Nd-Fe-B alloys, near the Nd2Fe14B composition, with a maximum variation of 10 at. % Nd and 5 at. % B. The alloys were first quenched into an amorphous state by melt spinning, as previous studies on crystallization kinetics suggest better control on the microstructure and hence better hard magnetic properties of the recrystallized alloys. For all compositions with Nd concentrations 1 at. % greater than that of Nd2Fe14B the intrinsic coercivity Hci is above 1.2 T at 100 °C. For a constant Nd/B ration, Hci increases monotonously with Nd constant while for compositions where even small amounts of α. Fe form as a crystallization product Hci shows a sharp drop. On the other hand, it appears that B content is much less significant in determining Hci. The temperature dependence of Hci is almost linear for all compositions between 20 and 200 °C and is much better than that for sintered materials. Hci at room temperature of our samples is about 20% higher than that of commercial rapidly quenched materials with similar composition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.342334
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The distribution of Fe2+ and Fe3+ in iron-bearing tourmalines: A Mössbauer study (1973)
    Springer
    Mineralogy and petrology 19 (1973), S. 124-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-1168
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Mössbauer-Spektren von fünf eisenhaltigen Turmalinen wurden gemessen und analysiert. Das Verhältnis Fe2+/Fe3+ und die Eisenverteilung konnten mit Hilfe von zwei gut identifizierten Turmalin-Kristallen von Mexiko und Madagascar für die Y-und Z-Lagen aller Exemplare bestimmt werden. Zweiwertiges sowie dreiwertiges Eisen findet sich sowohl in der Z-als auch in der Y-Lage. Da sich die Y-und Z-Oktaeder in einer gemeinsamen Kante treffen, wird diese Beobachtung als chemische Antwort des Kristalles auf die erforderte Größenanpassung der Y-und Z-Oktaeder während seines Wachstums erklärt. Die Abwesenheit der festen Lösung zwischen Dravit und Elbait kann somit erklärt werden.
    Notes: Summary Room-temperature Mössbauer spectra of five iron-bearing tourmalines were measured and analyzed. The Fe2+/Fe3+ ratio and the iron occupancy of the Y and Z positions could be assigned to all samples, with the help of two previously well characterized samples, from Mexico and Madagascar. Ferric or ferrous ions or both partially occupy the Z as well as the Y octahedra. This fact of observation is interpreted as the chemical response, during crystal growth, to the requirement of size matching for the edge-sharing Y and Z oxygen octahedra. It accounts for the inexistence of solid solution between the Mg and (Li, Al) tourmalines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01082791
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