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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 72 (1992), S. 4444-4446 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The stability of an amorphous GexSi1−xO2 in contact with an epitaxial (100)GexSi1−x layer obtained by partially oxidizing an epitaxial GexSi1−x layer on a (100)Si substrate in a wet ambient at 700 °C is investigated for x=0.28 and 0.36 upon annealing in vacuum at 900 °C for 3 h, aging in air at room temperature for 5 months, and immersion in water. After annealing at 900 °C, the oxide remains amorphous and the amount of GeO2 in the oxide stays constant, but some small crystalline precipitates with a lattice constant similar to that of the underlying GeSi layer emerge in the oxide very near the interface for both x. Similar precipitates are also observed after aging for both x. The appearance of these precipitates can be explained by the thermodynamic instability of GexSi1−xO2 in contact with GexSi1−x. In water at RT, 90% of GeO2 in the oxide is dissolved for x=0.36, while the oxide remains conserved for x=0.28.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 71 (1992), S. 670-675 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The damage in epitaxial CoSi2 films 500 nm thick grown on Si(111) produced by room-temperature implantation of 150 keV 28Si were investigated by 2-MeV 4He channeling spectrometry, double-crystal x-ray diffractometry, and electrical resistivity measurements. The damage in the films can be categorized into two types. In lightly (heavily) damaged CoSi2 the damage is in the form of point-like (extended) defects. The resistivity of lightly damaged CoSi2 films rises with the dose of implantation. Electrical defects correlate well with structural ones in lightly damaged films. The resistivity of heavily damaged films flattens off while the structural defects continue to rise with the dose, so that resistivity no longer correlates with structural defects. Upon thermal annealing, lightly damaged films can fully recover structurally and electrically, whereas heavily damaged films do so only electrically. A residual structural damage remains even after annealing at 800 °C for 60 min.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 3551-3555 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We used x-ray double-crystal diffractometry and MeV 4He channeling spectrometry to study quantitatively the damage produced in Si(100) at room temperature by 230-keV 19F, 230-keV 28Si, 250-keV 40Ar, or 570-keV 131Xe implantation. The measured defect concentration and the perpendicular strain have the same depth profile, and both are depleted near the surface compared to the Frenkel pair concentration calculated from computer simulation. The perpendicular strain is proportional to the defect concentration with a coefficient of B∼0.01 common to all implanted species. The maximum value of the perpendicular strain and of the defect concentration rises nonlinearly with the dose for all species. The damage produced by different implanted species depends on the dose in approximately the same way save for a scaling factor of the dose. In the regime of low damage, the strain and the defect concentration rise linearly with increasing dose. The slope of this rise with dose increases with the square of the Frenkel pairs produced per unit dose of incident ions, as calculated from computer simulations. This fact means that stable defects produced by room-temperature implantation in Si(100) cannot be predicted by a linear cascade model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 2828-2832 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The oxidation kinetics of reactively sputtered amorphous Ta36Si14N50 thin films are studied in dry and wet ambient in the temperature range of 650–850 °C by backscattering spectrometry, Dektak profilometer, and x-ray diffraction analyses. The dry oxidation is well described by a parabolic time dependence which corresponds to a process controlled by the diffusion of the oxidant in the oxide. The growth of the oxide in wet ambient is initially very rapid and then proceeds linearly which means that the process is reaction limited. Both oxidation rates are thermally activated. The activation energies are 2.0 eV for dry and 1.4 eV for wet ambient. The pre-exponential factors are 0.17×1016 A(ring)2/min and 7.4×108 A(ring)/min, respectively. Both the dry and wet oxidation of the amorphous ternary Ta36Si14N50 film result in the formation of an x-ray amorphous Ta14Si5.5O80 layer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 71 (1992), S. 3626-3627 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Wet thermal oxidation at 1000 °C of a 470-nm-thick epitaxial Ge0.36Si0.64 layer on (100)Si produces oxides of different composition depending on the details of the oxidation procedure. When a cold sample is directly exposed to the hot steam, the surface layer of the oxide contains both Ge and Si. Only SiO2 forms if a preheated sample is exposed to the hot steam. The effect is not present for dry oxidation and is attributed to the known enhancement of the wet oxidation rate by Ge, coupled with the transient warm up of a sample when it is immersed cold in hot steam.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 649-655 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: 230-keV 28Si ions were implantated into Si(100) at room temperature with doses from 1014 to 1015/cm2. The samples were analyzed by x-ray double crystal diffractometry and 2-MeV 4He ion channeling spectrometry. The implanted layer has a parallel lattice spacing equal to that of the unimplanted substrate. The perpendicular lattice spacing is larger than that of the unimplanted substrate and is proportional to the defect concentration extracted from the channeling measurement. Both the perpendicular lattice spacing and the defect concentration increase nonlinearly with ion dose. The defect concentration initially increases slowly with dose until a critical value (∼15%, at 4×1014/cm2), then rises rapidly, and finally a continuous amorphous layer forms. The initial sluggish increase of the damage is due to the considerable recombination of point defects at room temperature. The rapid growth of the defect concentration is attributed to the reduction of the threshold energy for atomic displacement in a predamaged crystal. The amorphization is envisioned as a cooperative process initiated by a spontaneous collapse of heavily damaged crystalline regions. The annealing behavior of the damaged layer reveals various stages of defect recovery, indicating that the damage consists of a hierarchy of various defect structures of vacancy and interstitial aggregates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 2076-2079 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Results of a determination of strain perpendicular to the surface and of the damage in (100) Si single crystals irradiated by 250-keV Ar+ ions at 77 K are presented. Double-crystal x-ray diffraction and dynamical x-ray diffraction theory are used. Trial strain and damage distributions were guided by transmission electron microscope observations and Monte Carlo simulation of ion energy deposition. The perpendicular strain and damage profiles, determined after sequentially removing thin layers of Ar+-implanted Si, were shown to be self-consistent, proving the uniqueness of the deconvolution. Agreement between calculated and experimental rocking curves is obtained with strain and damage distributions which closely follow the shape of the trim simulations from the maximum damage to the end of the ion range but fall off more rapidly than the simulation curve near the surface. Comparison of the trim simulation and the strain profile of Ar+-implanted Si reveals the importance of annealing during and after implantation and the role of complex defects in the final residual strain distribution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 6039-6045 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The damage and strain induced by irradiation of both relaxed and pseudomorphic GexSi1−x films on Si(100) with 100 keV 28Si ions at room temperature have been studied by MeV 4He channeling spectrometry and x-ray double-crystal diffractometry. The ion energy was chosen to confine the major damage to the films. The results are compared with experiments for room temprature Si irradiation of Si(100) and Ge(100). The maximum relative damage created in low-Ge content films studied here (x=10%, 13%, 15%, 20%, and 22%) is considerably higher than the values obtained by interpolating between the results for relative damage in Si-irradiated single crystal Si and Ge. This, together with other facts, indicates that a relatively small fraction of Ge in Si has a significant stabilizing effect on the retained damage generated by room-temperature irradiation with Si ions. The damage induced by irradiation produces positive perpendicular strain in GexSi1−x, which superimposes on the intrinsic positive perpendicular strain of the pseudomorphic or partially relaxed films. In all of the cases studied here, the induced maximum perpendicular strain and the maximum relative damage initially increase slowly with the dose, but start to rise at an accelerated rate above a threshold value of ∼0.15% and 15%, respectively, until the samples are amorphized. The pre-existing pseudomorphic strain in the GexSi1−x film does not significantly influence the maximum relative damage created by Si ion irradiation for all doses and x values. The relationship between the induced maximum perpendicular strain and the maximum relative damage differs from that found in bulk Si(100) and Ge(100).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 68 (1990), S. 6420-6423 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The oxidation behavior of reactively sputtered amorphous tungsten nitride of composition W80N20 was investigated in dry and wet oxidizing ambient in the temperature range of 450 °C–575 °C. A single WO3 oxide phase is observed. The growth of the oxide follows a parabolic time dependence which is attributed to a process controlled by the diffusivity of the oxidant in the oxide. The oxidation process is thermally activated with an activation energy of 2.5±0.05 eV for dry ambient and 2.35±0.05 eV for wet ambient. The pre-exponential factor of the reaction constant for dry ambient is 1.1×1021 A(ring)2/min; that for wet ambient is only about 10 times less and is equal to 1.3×1020 A(ring)2/min.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 71 (1992), S. 4227-4229 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Effects of ion implantation of 320 keV 28Si at room temperature in pseudomorphic metastable GexSi1−x (x≈0.04, 0.09, 0.13) layers ∼170 nm thick grown on Si(100) wafers were characterized by x-ray double-crystal diffractometry and MeV 4He channeling spectrometry. The damage induced by implantation produces additional compressive strain in the GexSi1−x layers, superimposed on the intrinsic compressive strain of the heterostructures. This strain rises with the dose proportionally for doses below several times 1014 28Si/cm2. Furthermore, for a given dose, the strain increases with the Ge content in the layer. Upon thermal processing, the damage anneals out and the strain recovers to the value before implantation. Amorphized samples (doses of greater than 2×1015 28Si/cm2) regrow poorly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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