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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calanoid copepod eggs in sea-bottom muds. III. Effects of temperature, salinity and other factors on the hatching of resting eggs of Tortanus forcipatus (1975)
    Springer
    Marine biology 31 (1975), S. 31-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The “resting” eggs of a marine neritic copepod, Tortanus forcipatus Giesbrecht, recovered from sea-bottom sediment were hatched in the laboratory. Hatching occurred at temperatures of 13° to 30°C, no eggs hatched at 10°C. Temperatures around 25°C were found to be optimal for hatching, although the range of optimal temperatures for hatching was approximately 5°C lower in eggs stored for 14 to 15 months than in those stored for 1 to 2 months. A wide range of salinity, from 18 to 54%S, was favourable for hachting. Eggs failed to hatch within the sediment mud, which suggests that they are in a state of dormancy in the mud. Hatching was successful under both light and dark conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00390645
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calanoid copepod eggs in sea-bottom muds. II. Seasonal cycles of abundance in the populations of several species of copepods and their eggs in the Inland Sea of Japan (1975)
    Springer
    Marine biology 31 (1975), S. 25-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The seasonal cycles of abundance of populations of dominant calanoid copepods in the water column and of their eggs recovered from the bottom sediment in the central part of the Inland Sea of Japan are described. The numbers of both copepods and eggs fluctuated markedly with season in an essentially similar pattern among the 6 species studied (Tortanus forcipatus Giesbrecht, Calanopia thompsoni A. Scott, Acartia erythraea Giesbrecht, A. clausi Giesbrecht, Centropages abdominalis Sato, C. yamadai Mori). The density of eggs in the sea bottom was highest shortly before the population of adults and late copepodids disappeared from the plankton; the numbers of eggs then gradually decreased until the appearance of the next planktonic population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00390644
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calanoid copepod eggs in sea-bottom muds. IV. Effects of some environmental factors on the hatching of resting eggs (1979)
    Springer
    Marine biology 51 (1979), S. 151-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The hatching of resting eggs of 6 species of marine calanoid copepods,Calanopia thompsoni, Labidocera bipinnata, Acartia erythraea, A. clausi, Centropages abdominalis andC. gamadai, recovered from neritic sea-bottom muds in the central part of the Inland Sea of Japan was examined under various environmental conditions (temperature, salinity, oxygen concentration, illumination and presence of bottom mud). Temperature and oxygen concentration were found to be important factors affecting hatching. The respective ranges of temperature in which the eggs of each species hatched correspond closely to the range of temperature at which the planktonic population of that species was observed in the natural environment. Extremely low oxygen concentrations in the water completely inhibited hatching in all species. A wide range or, salinity and the presence or absence of illumination did not prevent hatching.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00555194
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationship between mouthpart structures and in situ feeding habits of species of the family Pontellidae (Copepoda: Calanoida) (1991)
    Springer
    Marine biology 111 (1991), S. 213-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Pontellid copepods were collected from the surface waters of a tidal front region in the Bungo Channel (the Inland Sea of Japan) in June 1986 to examine the relationship between the morphology of cephalic appendages and gut contents. In particular, two dominant species,Labidocera japonica Mori andPontellopsis yamadae Mori, were compared in detail. Large setae on the second maxillae ofL. japonica possessed two rows of setules at right angles to each seta along its inner margin except a terminal part which was serrated, whereas the inner margin of those setae ofP. yamadae was entirely serrated. Judging from the structure of the mouthparts, especially the second maxillae, the former species seems to employ both suspension and raptorial feeding modes, in contrast to the latter, which may use only the raptorial mode of feeding. InP. yamadae, the first maxilla and the maxilliped are also modified for carnivory. Gut content analysis supported the morphological evidence for feeding differences, and revealed thatP. yamadae is a carnivore preying mainly on copepodids whileL. japonica feeds omnivorously on copepod nauplii and phytoplankton particles. Since the mouthpart structures of congeners are quite similar to each other, the feeding behavior and habits might also be similar. Within the family Pontellidae, the generaAnomalocera, Calanopia, Epilabidocera, andPontella have mouthpart structures similar to those ofLabidocera, whereas the genusPontellina resemblesPontellopsis. Morphological similarities would suggest that the first group of genera employs both suspension and raptorial feeding modes, and thatPontellina is a carnivore likePontellopsis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01319703
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ontogenetic diel vertical migration of the planktonic copepod Calanus sinicus in the Inland Sea of Japan (1992)
    Springer
    Marine biology 113 (1992), S. 391-400 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The ontogenetic diel vertical migration of the planktonic copepod Calanus sinicus was investigated in the Inland Sea of Japan in November 1988 and March 1989, when the water temperature was weakly stratified in a reversed manner. In both investigations a pronounced ontogenetic difference in vertical distribution was found. Spawning always occurred during nighttime, being confined to the upper 40 m water column in November but to the layer below 35 m in March. The distribution of pre-feeding nauplius stages, NI and NII, was more or less similar to that of the eggs. The first-feeding NIII performed a marked upward migration, and late nauplius stages (NIV to NVI) and early copepodite stages (CI and CII) continuously aggregated in the upper water column where phytoplankton was abundant. CIII to CVI (adult female and male) tended to disperse in the whole water column. In November, however, they avoided the upper 10 m strate during daytime and some individuals migrated upward to the surface during nighttime. In March, CV and CVI aggregated in the layer between 5 and 15 m deep in the daytime and migrated both upward and downward at dusk, resulting in homogeneous distributions during the nighttime.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00349164
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calanoid copepod eggs in sea-bottom muds (1974)
    Springer
    Marine biology 26 (1974), S. 167-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We have found numerous eggs of neritic copepods in sea-bottom sediments. Eggs of 6 species of calanoid copepods: Tortanus forcipatus Giesbrecht, Calanopia thompsoni A. Scott, Acartia erythraea Giesbrecht, A. clausi Giesbrecht, Centropages abdominalis Sato and C. yamadai Mori are described and illustrated. The possibility that these eggs “rest” in the sediments, and their biological significance, are briefly discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00388886
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Feeding habits of marine cladocerans in the Inland Sea of Japan (1989)
    Springer
    Marine biology 100 (1989), S. 313-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Natural food items of five species of marine cladocerans, Evadne nordmanni, E. tergestina, Penilia avirostris, Podon leuckarti and P. polyphemoides, were investigated in the Inland Sea of Japan between April 1986 and May 1987. Gut content examination with SEM (scanning electron microscopy) revealed that feeding was largely limited to centric diatoms and a few exceptions of pennate diatoms and dinoflagellates. No animal remains were detected, and some unidentified materials were also found. Phytoplankton smaller than 35 μm in size (cell diameter in centric diatoms and longest dimension in others) was found most frequently in the gut of cladocerans. The role of grazing of marine cladocerans in trophodynamic pathways of the pelagic realm is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00391145
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution and zoogeography of the marine cladoceran Podon schmackeri in the northwestern Pacific (1989)
    Springer
    Marine biology 102 (1989), S. 203-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Distribution and zoogeography of Podon schmackeri in the northwestern Pacific was studied on the basis of materials collected during the Cooperative Study of the Kuroshio and Adjacent Regions, 1965 to 1974. P. schmackeri was mainly distributed in waters along the coast of the Asian continent from the south of Vietnam to northern waters adjacent to Japan and the Kuroshio Extension. The Kuroshio Current seems to be important in transporting this species from Japanese coastal regions to the offshore waters of the Kuroshio Extension, whereas the Oyashio front forms the northern limit of its distribution. A few individuals found in the Oyashio region might be those transported by detached warm-core rings. This species occurred from April to August in the southern waters of Vietnam, whereas it appeared during the later period, June to September, in the northern waters of the Kuroshio Extension. Temperature and salinity ranged from 19.71° to 30.39°C and from 29.37 to 34.27‰, respectively. Maximum abundance of 79.2 individuals m-3 was recorded in the Japanese coastal region with 23.98°C and 33.50‰ water. Later occurrence in northern waters might be due to the delay in raising of the water temperature. Geographical variations in size were observed; individuals were smaller in standard length (0.34 to 0.50 mm, mean 0.42 mm) in southern waters of Kyushu, Japan, with a gradual increase toward northern waters of the Sea of Japan where size range was 0.49 to 0.65 mm (mean 0.57 mm). Geographical variations in fecundity in terms of mean number of embryos per batch was also detected. Fecundity was higher in southern waters of Kyushu and the Sea of Japan, 5.20 and 5.36, and lower in waters of southern Honshu and the Korea Strait, 2.35 and 3.90. These variations seemed to be derived from a compound effect of environmental conditions such as temperature, salinity and food availability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00428281
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ontogenetic diel vertical migration of the planktonic copepodCalanus sinicus in the Inland Sea of Japan (1990)
    Springer
    Marine biology 104 (1990), S. 389-396 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The ontogenetic diel vertical migration of the planktonic copepodCalanus sinicus was investigated in the Inland Sea of Japan in summer 1988, when the water was thermally stratified with a thermocline of ca 5 °C between 35 and 45 m. Stage-specific differences in the diel vertical migration behavior ofC. sinicus were found. Eggs were spawned primarily within the surface-waters between midnight and dawn by ascending females, and sank gradually to deeper waters until they hatched into nauplii. Non-feeding nauplius stages (NI and II) were distributed throughout the water column, but the first feeding stage (NIII) performed an ontogenetic upward migration. NIV to VI and copepodite (C) stages I to III continuously aggregated in the phytoplankton-rich euphotic layer. However, the depth of the median CI to III populations descended as stage progressed. The onset of prominent diel vertical migration took place in CIV, and the amplitude of vertical migration increased with age, being maximal in adult females (CVI♀). Adult males (CVI♂), however, remained in the layer below 20 m, and did not migrate dielly. The ecological significance of ontogenetic diel vertical migration is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01314341
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ontogenetic diel vertical migration of the planktonic copepod Calanus sinicus in the Inland Sea of Japan (1993)
    Springer
    Marine biology 117 (1993), S. 289-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The ontogenetic diel vertical migration of the planktonic copepod Calanus sinicus was investigated in the Inland Sea of Japan in June 1989, when the water column was thermally weakly stratified. Because of fewer eggs and less variation in their abundance, nocturnal spawning was not apparent. A pronounced upward migration occurred in NIII. NIII to CIII resided in the upper 20 m layer throughout the day, and from CIV on their median depths descended. CV and adult females underwent significant diel vertical migration, whereas adult males did not migrate. By integrating the results from the present study and those from our previous investigations (in August–September 1988, November 1988 and March 1989), we review seasonal variation in the ontogenetic diel vertical migration of C. sinicus. Spawning was largely nocturnal, reaching its maximum level around dawn, but spawning depth and fecundity changed seasonally. The distribution of pre-feeding stages, NI and NII, was similar to that of eggs. A pronounced upward migration always occurred in the first feeding stage, NIII, and late nauplii and early copepodites always resided in the food-rich upper layer, indicating that upward migration by NIII is feeding migration. As the stages progressed, they extended their vertical distribution range, and CV and adult females usually underwent diel vertical migration. However, the pattern and strength of this migration differed seasonally. Their day depths increased with the increase of relative biomass of planktivorous fish, indicating that predator avoidance induces their diurnal downward migration. High chlorophyll a concentrations in the upper layer (〈15 m deep) relative to the lower layer (〉20 m deep) amplified their diel vertical migrations. Diel vertical migration of C. sinicus is a phenotypic behavior.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00345674
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