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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Daily Circadian Rhythm in Rats to D -Amphetamine Sulphate: Effect of Blinding and Continuous Illumination on the Rhythm (1968)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 219 (1968), S. 621-622 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Adult Sprague-Dawley rats averaging 280 g were used. Before every experiment animals were kept in rigidly standardized environmental conditions12?14. The method of recording motor activity of the colony (Fig. 1) using a microphone has been published15. The data shown in Figs. 1 and 2 represent ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/219621a0
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An electromyographic study of some muscles of costal respiration in man (1953)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 117 (1953), S. 17-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091170103
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Daily rhythmic variations in blood coagulation times in ratsThis work was supported by Research grant no 4659 from U.S.P.H.S., N.I.H. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 157 (1967), S. 657-665 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: With all other environmental factors rigidly standardized, normal Sprague-Dawley rats were maintained under the following schedules: (1) 12 hours of artificial light 0600 to 1800 alternating with 12 hours of darkness-LD; (2) reversal of the first-DL; (3) constant darkness-DD, and (4) constant illumination-LL.After the animals had been under a specific lighting regimen for at least three weeks, blood coagulation times were determined on separate groups of 8 to 16 animals at bi-hourly intervals during a 24-hour period. Significant daily fluctuations or rhythms in coagulation times under all lighting conditions were found by plotting each of the bi-hourly mean values as a function of time. The temporal phasing of all rhythms in LD, DL, LL and DD were similar. The major changes found in the different lighting schedules involved overall magnitude, e.g., the overall 24-hour mean coagulation time for rats maintained in LL was 21% greater than for rats maintained in DD. Although total adrenalectomy or adrenal medullectomy did not abolish the characteristic LD rhythm, there was about a 100% decrease in the mean 24-hour coagulation time of LD adrenalectomized animals when compared to normal LD animals. No significant decrease was seen in adrenal demedullectomized animals when similarly compared with normal LD animals.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091570411
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Circadian variation in cell division of the mouse alimentary tract, bone marrow and corneal epithelium (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 191 (1978), S. 479-486 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Circadian rhythms in DNA synthesis are described for the tongue epithelium, five different regions of the alimentary canal (gut) -esophagus, stomach, duodenum, jejunum and rectum- and bone marrow in a group of BDF1 male mice. A circadian rhythm is also described for the mitotic index in the corneal epithelium in the same mice. The data document for the first time in the same animals the dramatic variation in cell division encountered from one region of the gut to another. This variation is seen in the amplitudes of the rhythms as well as in the over-all 24-hour means. On the contrary, the phasings of the rhythms in the different regions of the gut are remarkably similar. In this study, where the mice were standardized to 12 hours of light (0600-1800) alternating with 12 hours of darkness, the peak of the DNA-synthesis rhythm occurred around the time of transition from dark to light, and the trough around the time of transition from light to dark. The implications of these findings, and those of others, to the study of cell kinetics and to cancer chemotherapy are discussed.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091910407
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Further electromyographic studies on muscles of costal respiration in man (1957)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 128 (1957), S. 733-746 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091280407
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A study of postnatal growth of skeletal muscle in the rat (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 152 (1965), S. 55-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: From each of five litters of Sprague-Dawley rats, littermates were sacrificed at 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 weeks of age. The musculi extensor carpi radialis longus, soleus and plantaris were treated with glycerine while attached to the extremities and then dissected out and fixed in formalin. A transverse section through the thickest portion of the belly of each muscle was projected by a microprojector on graph paper. The entire section and the individual muscle fibers in representative areas within it were outlined. From this the total cross sectional area of the muscle; the number of fibers contained within it; the size, in terms of cross-sectional area, of fibers; and the ratio of muscle to connective tissue were calculated.As the animals mature, there is an enlargement of the cross-sectional area of the entire muscle and of the individual fibers. There is a definite increase in the number of muscle fibers during the first three weeks after birth which is the result of the differentiation into myofibers of myoblasts present in muscle fiber bundles at birth. A steady increment in the percentage of muscle to connective tissue throughout the entire growth period is present.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091520107
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An electromyographic study of some muscles crossing the elbow jointThis investigation was supported by Public Health Service grant AM 08310-03 from the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 159 (1967), S. 47-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Pairs of fine wire electrodes were inserted into the lateral, medial and long heads of the triceps brachii, into the anconeus, biceps brachii, brachialis and brachioradialis muscles. Each pair of electrodes was connected to an EMG integrator coupler in an eight channel recorder. Many movements and exercises were studied, and the relative contribution made by each muscle to any given movement was appraised.The anconeus initiates extension of the elbow and acts to maintain extension and to stabilize the elbow joint during other motions involving the upper extremity. The anconeus is responsible for fine control, but its activity frequently decreases when the more powerful triceps brachii contracts or when it loses its mechanical advantage at full extension. In pronation, the anconeus is very active; whereas during supination the anconeus is less active, and the triceps counteracts the powerful pull of the biceps brachii.The long head of the triceps also works as an adductor of the arm. When the triceps assists the anconeus in stabilizing the joint, the biceps brachii, brachialis and event the brachioradialis may contract to counteract any tendency to further extend the joint.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091590108
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ciradian rhythm in DNA synthesis in mouse thymus: Effect of altered lighting regimens, restricted feeding and presence of Ehrlich ascites tumor (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 184 (1976), S. 275-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A circadian rhythm in the incorporation of tritiated thymidine into DNA of the mouse thymus has been described. This same rhythm in animals bearing an 8-day Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT) was altered in its phasing, wave-form and over-all 24-hour mean; the most striking alteration seen in four out of five studies was a reduction in the over-all DNA synthesis rate in tumor-bearing animals.Mice subjected to an altered light-dark cycle did not show a complete phase shift in their thymus DNA rhythm within two weeks, but during this time the rhythm in the mitotic index of their corneal epithelium completely phase shifted; the presence of the tumor had no effect on this latter rhythm. In mice subjected to a daily 4-hour restricted feeding schedule, the rhythm in DNA synthesis in the thymus became synchronized in that the peak occurred toward the end of the 4-hour restricted feeding span in both tumor and non-tumor-bearing animals. The rhythm in the mitotic index in the cornea was not phase shifted or altered by the restricted meal timing.The DNA synthesis rhythm in the normal thymus demonstrated a phasing similar to (1) the rhythm in the length of survival time in untreated mice challenged with EAT and (2) the rhythm in DNA synthesis in the normal spleen.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091840303
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An electromyographic study of some muscles acting on the upper extremity of man (1959)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 135 (1959), S. 239-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091350402
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An electromyographic analysis of certain movements and exercises. I. some deep muscles of the backA film presentation of this material was made at the 78th Annual Session of the American Association of Anatomists in Miami, Florida, March, 1965 and at the 8th International Congress of Anatomists in Wiesbaden, Germany, August, 1965.Supported by Public Health Service grant AM 08310-02, from the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 155 (1966), S. 223-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Pairs of fine wire electrodes were inserted by means of hypodermic needles 1 cm apart into the semispinalis capitis, semispinalis cervicis, spinalis, longissimus, iliocostalis lumborum, main mass of the erector spinae between the ilium and the twelfth rib, the multifidus and glutenus maximus of 20 young men and women.Each pair of electrodes was connected to an EMG integrator coupler in an 8-channel recorder. Because the integrated electromyogram is displayed as a deviation from the baseline proportional to the strength of the muscle contraction, it was possible to appraise the relative contributions made by different muscles to any given movement or exercise. By this method simultaneous recordings were made from the muscles while the subjects flexed, extended, hyperextended, abducted and adducted the trunk from the orthograde position; walked on a treadmill, lifted weights; and performed certain exercises recommended by the President's Council on Adult Physical Fitness. Many exercises were compared, and the best ones were selected on the basis of the strength of the contractions they produced. The best exercises for strengthening the deep muscles of the back were those that involved hyperextension of the back from the prone position.Contrary to current opinion, the erector spinae is not active during abduction or adduction of the trunk from the orthograde position if the body is maintained in the frontal plane.The integrated electromyogram is an excellent tool for the evaluation of exercises.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091550209
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