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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Daily Circadian Rhythm in Rats to D -Amphetamine Sulphate: Effect of Blinding and Continuous Illumination on the Rhythm (1968)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 219 (1968), S. 621-622 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Adult Sprague-Dawley rats averaging 280 g were used. Before every experiment animals were kept in rigidly standardized environmental conditions12?14. The method of recording motor activity of the colony (Fig. 1) using a microphone has been published15. The data shown in Figs. 1 and 2 represent ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/219621a0
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Circadian rhythms in the mitotic index of the basal epithelium and in the uptake rate of 3H-thymidine by the tongue of the ratSupported by the National Institutes of Health grant AM-12389, the Edward G. Schlieder Educational Foundation and HEW Training grant no 5-Tol-DE00241 NIDR. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 80 (1972), S. 437-441 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Circadian rhythms are demonstrated in the tongue of adult rats for both the mitotic index of the basal epithelium and the uptake rate of injected 3H-thymidine by the tongue tip. The animals were entrained to a light-dark cycle for four weeks prior to the experiments with the light phase extending from 0600 to 1800 hours (CST). The daily fluctuation is approximately 300% for the mitotic index and 185% for the uptake rate of 3H-thymi-dine. The highest mitotic index occurs at 1100, and the highest uptake of 3H-thymidine occurs four hours earlier at 0700. The least activity for both parameters occurs during the first part of the dark span of the light-dark cycle. Estimates of several other rhythmic parameters are determined by a computerized method.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040800314
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An electromyographic analysis of certain movements and exercises. I. some deep muscles of the backA film presentation of this material was made at the 78th Annual Session of the American Association of Anatomists in Miami, Florida, March, 1965 and at the 8th International Congress of Anatomists in Wiesbaden, Germany, August, 1965.Supported by Public Health Service grant AM 08310-02, from the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 155 (1966), S. 223-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Pairs of fine wire electrodes were inserted by means of hypodermic needles 1 cm apart into the semispinalis capitis, semispinalis cervicis, spinalis, longissimus, iliocostalis lumborum, main mass of the erector spinae between the ilium and the twelfth rib, the multifidus and glutenus maximus of 20 young men and women.Each pair of electrodes was connected to an EMG integrator coupler in an 8-channel recorder. Because the integrated electromyogram is displayed as a deviation from the baseline proportional to the strength of the muscle contraction, it was possible to appraise the relative contributions made by different muscles to any given movement or exercise. By this method simultaneous recordings were made from the muscles while the subjects flexed, extended, hyperextended, abducted and adducted the trunk from the orthograde position; walked on a treadmill, lifted weights; and performed certain exercises recommended by the President's Council on Adult Physical Fitness. Many exercises were compared, and the best ones were selected on the basis of the strength of the contractions they produced. The best exercises for strengthening the deep muscles of the back were those that involved hyperextension of the back from the prone position.Contrary to current opinion, the erector spinae is not active during abduction or adduction of the trunk from the orthograde position if the body is maintained in the frontal plane.The integrated electromyogram is an excellent tool for the evaluation of exercises.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091550209
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An electromyographic study of some muscles of costal respiration in man (1953)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 117 (1953), S. 17-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091170103
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Daily rhythmic variations in blood coagulation times in ratsThis work was supported by Research grant no 4659 from U.S.P.H.S., N.I.H. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 157 (1967), S. 657-665 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: With all other environmental factors rigidly standardized, normal Sprague-Dawley rats were maintained under the following schedules: (1) 12 hours of artificial light 0600 to 1800 alternating with 12 hours of darkness-LD; (2) reversal of the first-DL; (3) constant darkness-DD, and (4) constant illumination-LL.After the animals had been under a specific lighting regimen for at least three weeks, blood coagulation times were determined on separate groups of 8 to 16 animals at bi-hourly intervals during a 24-hour period. Significant daily fluctuations or rhythms in coagulation times under all lighting conditions were found by plotting each of the bi-hourly mean values as a function of time. The temporal phasing of all rhythms in LD, DL, LL and DD were similar. The major changes found in the different lighting schedules involved overall magnitude, e.g., the overall 24-hour mean coagulation time for rats maintained in LL was 21% greater than for rats maintained in DD. Although total adrenalectomy or adrenal medullectomy did not abolish the characteristic LD rhythm, there was about a 100% decrease in the mean 24-hour coagulation time of LD adrenalectomized animals when compared to normal LD animals. No significant decrease was seen in adrenal demedullectomized animals when similarly compared with normal LD animals.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091570411
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An electromyographic study of some muscles crossing the elbow jointThis investigation was supported by Public Health Service grant AM 08310-03 from the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 159 (1967), S. 47-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Pairs of fine wire electrodes were inserted into the lateral, medial and long heads of the triceps brachii, into the anconeus, biceps brachii, brachialis and brachioradialis muscles. Each pair of electrodes was connected to an EMG integrator coupler in an eight channel recorder. Many movements and exercises were studied, and the relative contribution made by each muscle to any given movement was appraised.The anconeus initiates extension of the elbow and acts to maintain extension and to stabilize the elbow joint during other motions involving the upper extremity. The anconeus is responsible for fine control, but its activity frequently decreases when the more powerful triceps brachii contracts or when it loses its mechanical advantage at full extension. In pronation, the anconeus is very active; whereas during supination the anconeus is less active, and the triceps counteracts the powerful pull of the biceps brachii.The long head of the triceps also works as an adductor of the arm. When the triceps assists the anconeus in stabilizing the joint, the biceps brachii, brachialis and event the brachioradialis may contract to counteract any tendency to further extend the joint.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091590108
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A circadian susceptibility rhythm in rats to pentobarbital sodiumSupported in part by U. S. Public Health grant 4659. (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 160 (1968), S. 741-749 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A colony of adult rats was maintained on a standardized regimen with artifical photoperiods extending from 0600 to 1800 alternating with 12 hours of darkness. Every hour during a 24-hour period separate subgroups of rats were injected with 35 mg/kg of pentobarbital sodium, and the duration of time each animal remained under anesthesia was recorded.The rats remained anesthetized for longer periods of time between the hours of 1600 and 2200 than at other times of the day; this indicates that the response to the drug is dependent on he circadian phase system of the animal. When the results were plotted along the 24-hour time scale, the difference between the crest and trough of the curve was about 100%.A second colony of rats was maintained in a similar fashion except that the animals were subjected to continuous illumination. The rhythm of their susceptibility to pentobarbital sodium persisted for at least four weeks in a form highly modified from the animals synchronized to a light-dark cycle.In a third colony of animals, the rhythm still was present four months after they had been blinded; but it was modified and different from either the light-dark synchronized animals or from rats subjected to continuous illumination.The importance of recognizing the time structure of the living organism is discussed.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091600409
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The persistence of a circadian rhythm in histamine response in guinea pigs maintained under continuous illumination (1973)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 175 (1973), S. 1-6 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Adult guinea pigs were carefully standardized for at least seven days prior to each experiment; this included an artificial light-dark cycle with light extending from 0600 to 1800. On three experimental days, eight animals were injected subcutaneously with 300 μg of histamine at six-hour intervals over a 24-hour period; each animal received four injections during one day. The size of the erythema produced each time was measured. In all three experiments a prominent group rhythm was demonstrated with maximum response occurring during the dark phase; minimum response always occurred during the latter part of the light phase. Such results indicate a strong synchronization among the animals of the group.Two additional, similar studies were performed on animals standardized in one case for 21 days and in the second for 35 days under continuous illumination. The group rhythms of histamine response under these conditions, when compared to the light-dark adapted group rhythm, were greatly modified in phasing and profile. The circadian rhythm in response to histamine persisted in each individual animal. The change in the phasing and profile of the group rhythm was due to a partial desynchronization among the individual animals subjected to continuous illumination.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091750102
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Further electromyographic studies on muscles of costal respiration in man (1957)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 128 (1957), S. 733-746 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091280407
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An electromyographic study of some muscles acting on the upper extremity of man (1959)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 135 (1959), S. 239-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091350402
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