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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 719 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 246 (1995), S. 29-36 
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In many countries deinstitutionalization of psychiatric patients is accompanied by fragmentation of care, giving responsibility to an array of different services and providers. One of the possible side effects of this is an increased rehospitalization rate and length of stay. The need to coordinate the services involved for the benefit of individuals has led to the conceptual development of case management. However, despite an apparent belief in the effectiveness of case management, there is only limited scientific evidence to support this assumption. In the case control study presented we compared a group of 97 schizophrenic patients in the aftercare of case management services with a group of patients who received no outpatient care by case management services after discharge from hospital. Each patient in the case-managed group was exactly matched with a control patient with regard to diagnosis and known risk factors for rehospitalization. Additionally, we considered influencing factors that result from general health system conditions such as regional differences and different types of hospital care. Our analyses demonstrate that, during an observation period of 2.5 years, case management had neither a significant effect on the risk of rehospitalization nor on the length of time in hospital in the event of rehospitalization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 248 (1998), S. 189-202 
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Key words Schizophrenia ; Course ; Follow-up studies ; Methodology ; Predictors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract There is only a limited amount of definite knowledge on the course of schizophrenic psychoses, although 100 years have passed since they were first described by Kraepelin as “Dementia praecox”. The main reason for this is that most studies done thus far suffer from more or less serious methodological shortcomings: samples were often highly selective; investigations were often not direct, not prospective and almost never continuous, which would be of utmost importance in an episodic disease such as schizophrenia; assessments in older studies were neither standardized nor tested for validity or reliability; in more recent studies they were often not conducted by experienced psychiatrists; patients who refused to participate or who died during the study period were widely neglected. Nevertheless, we have learned that schizophrenic psychoses do not have a steadily deteriorating course ending in “dementia”. On the contrary, the course of these psychoses seems very heterogeneous. Due to their methodological shortcomings, studies done thus far even seem to have underestimated heterogeneity by partly neglecting patients with very good outcome, on the one hand, and very poor outcome, on the other hand.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical medicine and bioethics 14 (1993), S. 153-165 
    ISSN: 1573-1200
    Keywords: consciousness ; endophysics ; interface ; magnetic resonance imaging ; mindbody problem ; molecular-dynamics simulations ; micro psychophysics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract This paper puts forward the hypothesis that consciousness might be linked to matter in a way which is more sophisticated than the traditional macroscopic Cartesian hypothesis suggests. Advances in the biophysics of the nervous system, not only on the level of its macroscopic functioning but also on the level of individual ion channels, have made the question of ‘how finely’ consciousness is tied to matter and its dynamics more important. Quantum mechanics limits the attainable resolution and puts into doubt the idea of an infinitely fine-woven attachment. A recent approach to physics rekindles such a rationalist hope. ‘Endophysics’ focuses on the global implications of microscopic computer simulations of chemical and biophysical processes. A complete ‘artificial universe’ can be set up in the computer. It produces non-classical and nonlocal effects inside — on the ‘interface’ that exists between an internal observer (‘fluid neuron’) and the rest of the world. This interface is finer than any brain property to which the status of the mind-body interface has been attributed hitherto. A new class of experiments becomes possible in the artificial world and, by analogy, in the real world. Magnetic resonance imaging experiments, routinely performed under open-loop conditions, can be repeated under psychophysical (closed-loop) conditions — in search for microscopically induced changes in the perceived and measured structure of the world.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 94 (1990), S. 6879-6884 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 846-849 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have synthesized zirconium nitride/aluminum nitride multilayered thin films with a reactive sputtering technique. The electrical transport and optical properties of these multilayers have been examined by resistivity, Hall effect, and near-normal incidence reflectance and transmittance measurements. We show the existence of a metal-to-insulator transition and strong increase of Hall coefficient at small wavelength of composition modulation. The optical response of the multilayers is systematically modified from the behavior of the individual constituents. The measured optical response is in qualitative agreement with a simple effective-medium theory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 5023-5026 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Heavily silicon-doped GaAs grown by molecular beam epitaxy has been studied by combined coupled plasmon-phonon mode Raman spectroscopy and Hall effect measurements. Free electron concentrations up to 2×1019 cm−3 have been achieved with the dopant atoms being incorporated dominantly on Ga sites (≥90%) as measured by local vibrational mode Raman spectroscopy. To extract quantitative information from the plasmon-phonon Raman spectra, these spectra have been fitted using the temperature-dependent Lindhard–Mermin dielectric function including the nonparabolicity of the conduction band and wave vector nonconservation due to the absorption of the incident and scattered light. The excellent agreement found between Hall effect and Raman measurements demonstrates that consistent data on dopant incorporation and activation can be obtained, if band structure effects are accounted for appropriately in the analysis of the Raman spectra.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 267-274 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Microscopic calculations of the intrinsic radiative recombination probability B(ω,T) of Si have been performed to obtain the absolute values of the spectral distribution and of its temperature dependence. In these calculations we use the concepts of k⋅p theory, consider excitonic effects, and take into account the electron-phonon interaction. The calculated spectra are compared with measured absolute values of the intrinsic radiative recombination spectra obtained from forward biased Si p-i-n diodes and also with spectra obtained from the detailed balance theory of van Roosbroeck and Shockley [W. van Roosbroeck and W. Shockley, Phys. Rev. 94, 1558 (1954)]. Quantitative agreement is obtained for higher temperatures (about 300 K) and deviations for lower temperatures are critically discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 92 (1990), S. 5847-5855 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We investigated the 2H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) line shape of deuterated benzene and hexamethylbenzene as guest molecules in organic glasses in the temperature range of 10–150 K. A broad distribution G(ln τ) of correlation times determines the slowing down of the molecular reorientation around the sixfold symmetry axis of the guests. The line shape is described by a superposition of temperature-dependent fractions F(T) of only two subspectra corresponding to fast and slowly rotating molecules; no spectra characteristic for intermediate mobility as found in crystal matrices are observed. Assuming a thermally activated motional process, the temperature dependence of G(ln τ) comes from a temperature-independent distribution of activation energies g(E). In this case, the derivative of the fraction dF(T)/dT yields directly the distribution g(E). Using this method an asymmetric distribution g(E) with its maximum at the low energy side is found for the glasses. While the general shape of g(E) is similar for different matrices, the mean activation energy differs significantly. We used the same approach to discuss similar "two-phase'' spectra for the isotropic reorientation of toluene in polystyrene below the glass transition of the mixed system. Here, an alternative explanation is offered considering a distribution of glass transition points Tg for the dynamics of toluene in the mixed system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 90 (1989), S. 6858-6866 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Deuterated hexamethylbenzene (HMB) is used as a probe molecule for 2H NMR studies of the crystalline state of hexachlorobenzene and of several organic glasses. By measuring the spin–lattice relaxation and the line shape in the temperature range of 4–300 K the dynamical parameters of the molecular reorientation are investigated. For the system HMB/hexachlorobenzene, we find exponential relaxation and for the corresponding T1 an increase of its activation energy by a factor of 2 in comparison to the neat HMB. A homogeneous mixing of the guest and host molecules is found at least for guest concentrations up to 7%. In contrast, nonexponential spin–lattice relaxation is characteristic for all glass matrices, indicating motional heterogeneities. A log–Gauss distribution for the corresponding motional correlation times gives a good fit of the data. Its width parameter decreases linearly with temperature, while the mean correlation times are described by an Arrhenius law. The mean activation energy is reduced by a factor of about 3.5 as compared to neat HMB, demonstrating a loose packing of the molecules in the glass matrices.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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