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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Histopathology 29 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A series of 104 biopsy cases with histopathological proof of amyloid, submitted to our department of pathology over the last 19 years, were re-examined. The survey investigated the medical indication for surgery, the origin and quality of the biopsy and the clinical information as documented on the request form for histopathological examination and in hospital records. Amyloid deposits were classified using antisera directed against five major amyloid fibril proteins, i.e. AA, ATTR, Aλ, Aκ and Aβ2M and optimal conditions were sought for the reliable and early characterization of amyloid disease in clinicopathological practice. This survey revealed that 98% of the biopsy cases already suffered from a disease which was either a cause or a result of amyloidosis. In only 2% of the biopsy cases was amyloidosis detected without any clinical indication. Immunohistochemical classification of the amyloid deposits and comparison with hospital records demonstrated diagnostic pitfalls such as immunostaining of amyloid by two or more antibodies recognizing different fibril proteins, and disagreement between immunohistochemical typing of amyloid and the initial clinical diagnosis. Based on these observations we assume that the characterization of amyloid disease and its biological significance is impossible in clinicopathological practice without clinical information or without immunohistochemical classification of the fibril protein in biopsy specimens. Different aspects of histopathological detection of AA- and AL-amyloidosis are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0303-7207
    Keywords: (Mice, nude) ; Acromegaly ; Autoradiography ; Pituitary neoplasm ; Somatotropin ; Somatotropin-releasing hormone
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Key words SIDS ; Endocrine pancreas ; Morphology ; Immunohistochemistry ; Morphometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Notes: Abstract The pancreatic islets from 112 infants (66 males and 46 females) who died of SIDS during the years 1990– 1992 have been studied. The control group consisted of endocrine pancreas tissue from 19 infants who died of a clear cause of death (pneumonia, drowning, sepsis, etc.). The mean age of the SIDS group was 5.1 months. We found histologically normally developed organs in all the SIDS cases. By evaluating the relative endocrine cell area of the pancreas by immunohistochemical investigations, A-cells were found to make up 10–30%, B-cells 30–60%, D-cells 10–30% and pancreatic polypeptide cells less than 10% in the SIDS group and in the controls with a small increase in glucagon and insulin cells among SIDS cases. The morphometric evaluation revealed that cell enlargement and cytoplasm shrinking occurred slightly more often in the SIDS group than in the control group. The diameter of the islets was normal and the maximal volume was not enlarged. The results did not show significant differences so that a relationship between alterations of the endocrine pancreas and sudden infant death syndrome could not be demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 63 (1985), S. 583-589 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Histiocytosis X ; Diabetes insipidus ; Osteolytic lesions ; Pulmonary fibrosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Since 1963 we have observed a patient with Hand-Schüller-Christian disease with involvement of the skeleton, skin and hypophysis/hypothalamus with diabetes insipidus. The diabetes insipidus was successfully treated initially with chlorpropamid and later with carbamazepin. Alterations of the lung parenchyma were seen radiologically in 1966, and two years later the patient complained of exertional dyspnea. The lung disease was progressive with the deterioration of lung function despite corticosteroid and D-penicillamine treatment. The patient now has marked dyspnea even at rest. The osteolytic lesions have not changed in recent years.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 360 (1973), S. 107-122 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The morphology of three cases of parathyroid carcinoma is described, including the electron microscope findings in two of these cases. The clinical and morphologic points for the tentative diagnosis of parathyroid carcinoma are discussed. The malignancy of a parathyroid tumour is proved by lymphogenic or hematogenic metastases, by histological evidence of tumour infiltration into the surrounding tissues (including macroscopic adherence and sometimes vocal cord paralysis), and by cytologic evidence of mitoses. Nuclear atypism is often present but is neither a necessary nor an adequate proof of malignancy, because it is also seen in benign adenomas and in hyperplastic parathyroids. The ultrastructure of the carcinoma cells was also characterized by nuclear atypism and mitoses. In one carcinoma, the contents of cytoplasmic organelles varied in different cells, indicating various endocrine activity of the tumour cells. In another parathyroid carcinoma with low endocrine activity, copious cytoplasmic organelles and many secretory granules were found. There seem to be three possible causes of non-functioning parathyroid carcinomas: 1. lack of hormone synthesis, 2. impairment of cellular hormone secretion, 3. synthesis of a pathologic protein with defective endocrine activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 361 (1973), S. 217-228 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The atrophic adrenal cortex associated with corticosteroid-producing tumours was investigated by electron microscopy in 5 cases. The well-preserved zona glomerulosa was easily distinguished from lipid-rich glomerular cell complexes of the outer zona fasciculata in epoxy sections. Little difference from normal ultrastructure was observed in the cells of the zona glomerulosa. The zona fasciculata-reticularis, however, showed marked changes in the ultrastructure. The mitochondria are diminished, with reduced internal structures. Almost no agranular endoplasmic reticulum is evident. The fasciculata cells contain huge membranebound lipid vacuoles. Comparable ultrastructural changes in animals have been described after hypophysectomy or after treatment with glucocorticoid hormones. The electron microscope findings are considered to be the result of the suppression of ACTH secretion and probably of a direct inhibition of protein synthesis in adrenocortical cells by the elevated steroid hormone levels produced by the adrenal tumours.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 368 (1975), S. 123-139 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ein Kollektiv von 108 operativ entfernten Hypophysenadenomen wurde histologisch, immuncytochemisch und elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Es enthielt 7 vorwiegend chromophobe Adenome, bei denen klinisch eine isolierte Galactorrhoe vorlag. 4 dieser Adenome besaßen ultrastrukturell so wenig Ergastoplasma, daß eine endokrine Aktivität nicht angenommen werden konnte. Bei diesen Fällen handelt es sich somit um inaktive Adénome, die durch ihr supraselläres Wachstum zu einer vermutlichen Beeinträchtigung der Sekretion des Prolactin-inhibiting-factors geführt haben, so daß dadurch die stimulatorischen Einflüsse auf die nicht blastomatöse Adenohypophyse überwiegen und eine sekundäre Hyperprolactinämie entstanden ist. 3 weitere Adenome waren aus Zellen aufgebaut, die histochemisch und immunhistologisch gleichartige Reaktionen wie normale aktivierte Prolactinzellen zeigten. Alle 3 waren ultrastrukturell durch eine mächtige Entwicklung des rauhen endoplasmatischen Reticulum, eine Vergrößerung der Golgifelder, eine lockere Anordnung der vorwiegend spärlichen Sekretgranula, vermehrte Mikrotubuli und viele mikrovillöse Interdigitationen an den Zellmembranen gekennzeichnet. Sie ähneln somit auch ultrastructurell aktivierten Prolactinzellen der menschlichen Hypophyse während der Laktation. Diese Tumoren können als „Prolactinzell-Adenome” bezeichnet werden und führen vermutlich durch eigene Hormonsekretion zu einer Hyperprolactinämie. Darüber hinaus waren in dem Kollektiv 3 Adenome vorhanden, die licht- und elektronenoptisch gleichartig strukturiert waren wie die Prolactinzell-Adenome, ohne daß eine Galactorrhoe aufgetreten war. Bei diesen Fällen ist anzunehmen, daß sie eine klinisch nicht auffällige Hyperprolactinämie bewirkten oder ein unwirksames Polypeptid produzierten.
    Notes: Summary A collection of 108 surgically removed pituitary adenomas was studied by histologic, immunohistochemical and electron microscopical methods. It included 7 predominantly chromophobe adenomas of patients whose clinical symptoms consisted of a pure galactorrhea. Ultrastructurally, 4 of these adenomas contained little endoplasmic reticulum so that an endocrine activity of the tumors could not be assumed. These cases represented inactive adenomas which probably led to a disturbance of the secretion of prolactin-inhibiting factor by suprasellar extension resulting in stimulation of the non-tumorous adenohypophysis and secondary hyperprolactinemia. Another 3 adenomas consisted of cells that showed histologic and immunocytochemical reactions of the same kind as normal prolactin cells. Electron microscopically, these adenoma cells exhibited a very well developed rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, dilatation of the Golgi complexes, sparsely arranged pleomorphic secretory granules, an increased number of microtubules, and interdigitating microvilli formed by the cell membrane. These features resembled closely the characteristics of stimulated non-tumorous prolactin cells during lactation, and thus could be termed “prolactin cell adenomas”. These tumors surely caused a hyperprolactinemia through their own hormone production. In addition 3 other adenomas were present which showed the same light and electron microscopic structures as the prolactin cell adenomas but did not cause galactorrhea. From the findings in these cases we assume that the tumors effected neither a clinically peculiar hyperprolactinemia nor produced an endocrinologically inactive polypeptide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 377 (1978), S. 301-309 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Adrenal glands ; Adrenal adenoma ; Adrenal ultrastructure ; Feminizing syndrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A case of a feminizing adrenocortical tumor associated with Cushing's syndrome in a 29 year old male is presented. The ultrastructural features are compared with adrenal tumors secreting aldosterone, glucocorticoids or androgens. As in adrenal carcinomas, this tumor demonstrates nuclear pleomorphism with enlarged nucleoli and nuclear pseudoinclusions. The cytoplasmic organelles show some parallels between feminizing and androgensecreting adrenal tumors. Different types of mitochondria occur with varying amounts of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Numerous microbodies are present. Histological and ultrastructural signs indicating probable malignancy are discussed and it is noted that most of the feminizing adrenal tumors are carcinomata. Neither local recurrence nor distant metastases have yet been detected in this case, two years after excision of the tumor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Pitutary ; Ultrastructure ; Vasopressin ; Prostaglandin ; Morphometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ziel dieser Untersuchung war es, quantitative and qualitative Änderungen der ACTH-Zelle in der Rattenhypophyse nach Gabe eines spezifischen und eines unspezifischen Stimulus zu untersuchen. Es wurden ein CRF-Analogon (Lysin-Vasopressin) und ein Prostaglandin (Prostaglandin E1) benutzt. Jeweils 20 Ratten wurden für 4 Wochen Lysin-Vasopressin oder Prostaglandin E1 intraperitoneal injiziert. Die Hypophysen wurden licht- und elektronenoptisch sowie morphometrisch untersucht. Nach Gabe beider Stoffe konnte man eine Aktivierung der ACTH-Zellen beobachten. Die Vergrö\erung des Kerns, des Cytoplasmas und der an der Hormonherstellung beteiligten Zellorganellen lie\ sich morphometrisch nachweisen, wobei die Wirkung von Lysin-Vasopressin ausgeprÄgter war als die des Prostaglandins. Darüber hinaus konnte eine Zunahme der ACTH-Zellzahl gefunden und mit einem statistischen Test als signifikant nachgewiesen werden. Im Gegensatz zu Lysin-Vasopressin erstreckte sich die Wirkung des Prostaglandins auch auf andere Hypophysenzellen.
    Notes: Summary The aim of this study was to investigate the qualitative and quantitative changes of ACTH-cells in the rat after application of a specific and a non-specific stimulus. A CRF-analog (lysin-vasopressin) and a prostaglandin (prostaglandin E1) were used. 40 rats were injected lysin-vasopressin or prostaglandin E1, respectively, for 4 weeks. The pituitary glands were investigated by means of light microscopy, electron microscopy and morphometry. Activation of the ACTH-cells could be observed after use of both substances, the effect of lysin-vasopressin being more intense than that of prostaglandin E1. Enlargement of the nucleus, the cytoplasm and the organelles involved in hormone-production and -transport were found and verified by morphometry. Additionally an increase in number of the cells could be demonstrated. Prostaglandin influenced not only ACTH-cells, but also other cells of the anterior pituitary.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 387 (1980), S. 279-288 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Pituitary ; Ultrastructure ; Hypophysectomy ; Regeneration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Male Wistar rats were partially hypophysectomized and sacrificed at intervals of from 2 days to 1 year following the operation. The resected material was examined under the light microscope and the residual pituitary under the light and electron microscope. Neither regeneration nor an anatomical restoration of the adenohypophysis occurred even one year after partial hypophysectomy. An increased number of small chromophobe stem cells and juvenile chromophil cells were found in the residual pituitary. The amount of mitoses were not significantly increased. The ACTH, FSH and prolactin producing cells demonstrated electron microscopically distinct changes which were interpreted as signs of intensified activity. This can be seen as a “functional regeneration” to maintain vital pituitary function for the organism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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