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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of school nurse and auxologist height velocity measurements in school children with short stature. (The Hackney Growth Initiative) (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Child 20 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2214
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: To examine the possible use of height velocity (HV) as a growth screening tool, annual HV data calculated from height measurements made by school nurses were compared with those based on an auxologist's measurements in 20 short school children. The subjects were 12 primary school children (seven girls, five boys) with a mean (± SD) age of 5·9(0·6) years and eight secondary school children (six girls, two boys) with a mean (± SD) age of 11·8 (0·4) years. Heights were measured by the school nurses, separated by an interval of 1 year. Mean HV of the primary school children when assessed by school nurses was 5·92 cm/year compared with 5·97 cm/year when assessed by the auxologist. Mean (± SD) HV standard deviation score (HVSDS) was 0·03 (0·97) and 0·10 (1·15) respectively. Mean HV of the secondary school children when assessed by school nurses was 6·04 cm/year compared with 5·63 cm/year when assessed by the auxologist. Mean (± SD) HVSDS was −0·8 (2·1) and −1·21 (1·54) respectively. Of eight children (three primary, five secondary) identified by the auxologist as having HV 〈 25th centile of Tanner and Whitehouse standards only four were identified by school nurses (one primary, three secondary). One child identified by school nurses to have HV 〈 25th centile was found by the auxologist to be above the 25th centile. We conclude that HV assessment may fail to identify significant pathology in the community and that accurate height measurement rather than HV should be the principal referral criterion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2214.1994.tb00379.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessment of the reliability of school nurse height measurements in an inner-city population. (The Hackney Growth Initiative) (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Child 19 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2214
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Summary To establish the reliability of school nurses given training in height measurement we conducted an intra- and inter-individual reliability study under field conditions. The measurements of 7 school nurses were compared with those of a trained auxologist. The pooled standard deviation of the differences between repeat measurements for the school nurses (0·32 cm) compared favourably with that of the auxologist (0·35 cm). Height measurements made by school nurses were accurate within the range of -0·53 cm to +0·64 cm when compared with the auxologist. We conclude that a single, accurate height measurement made by a school nurse would be sufficiently reliable for use in routine screening for short stature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2214.1993.tb00723.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    VAGINAL BLEEDING IN CHILDHOOD: A REVIEW OF 51 PATIENTS (1978)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 85 (1978), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A search of the medical records at the Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street and Chelsea Hospital for Women, London, revealed 51 cases of vaginal bleeding in children under the age of 10 occurring in the years 1962 through 1977. The bleeding was caused by some form of precocious puberty in 37 patients (73 per cent). Eight of these patients had cyclical vaginal bleeding in the absence of secondary sexual development or advanced bone age. Fourteen patients (27 per cent) bled because of a local lesion and six of these had a malignant neoplasm of the genital tract.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1978.tb15590.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glucose does not influence the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding to carrier proteins (IGFBPs): Analysis of rat and human serum by western ligand blotting (1993)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 49 (1993), S. 699-701 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: IGF ; IGFBP ; diabetes ; glucose ; proteases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) circulate bound to specific proteins (termed IGFBP-1 through IGFBP-6) that modulate IGF bioactivity in tissues. The aim of this study was to analyse the effects of glucose on IGF binding to IGFBPs in rat and human serum by means of western ligand blotting. Serum samples were incubated with increasing concentrations of glucose (0 to 50 mmol/l), and EDTA (25 mmol/l) was added to inhibit protease activity. To analyse the effect of glucose on protection of IGFBPs from protease activity, serum from pregnant women (reported to be very rich in proteolytic activity against IGFBPs) was added to rat serum previously incubated with glucose. Glucose did not affect the125I-IGF binding to rat and human serum IGFBPs. The intensity of IGFBP-3 bands decreased considerably during the incubation. This appeared to be due to endogenous protease activity, since the decrease was blocked by addition of EDTA. The incubationi of rat serum with pregnant human serum produced a marked attenuation of IGFBP-3 and disappearance of IGFBP-4 bands. In conclusion, our study shows that glucose does not influence the IGF binding to IGFBP-3 either in rat or in human serum, confirms the presence of endogenous proteolytic activity in normal non-pregnant serum, and demonstrates that glucose has no protective action against protease activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01923954
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic resonance imaging of adrenocortical adenomas in childhood: Correlation with computed tomography and ultrasound (1996)
    Springer
    Pediatric radiology 26 (1996), S. 794-799 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1998
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract There are few descriptions of the magnetic resonance (MR) appearance of hyperfunctioning adrenocortical tumours, particularly those occurring in childhood. We studied five patients, two girls and three boys, aged 6–14.3 years, presenting with clinical syndromes of adrenocortical hyperfunction. The diagnoses were Cushing's syndrome (n = 2) virilisation (n = 2) and Conn's syndrome (n = 1). Bio chemical features suggested an adrenal lesion in each case. MR and ultrasound were performed in all five cases, with CT in four. Each patient had a functional adrenal tumour secreting either cortisol, androgens or aldosterone alone, or a combination of cortisol, androgens and oestradiol. The histological diagnosis was adenoma in four cases and tumour of indeterminate nature in one case. MR clearly showed the tumours (diameter 1.0–7.5 cm), all the lesions being of high signal intensity relative to liver on T2-weighted sequences. CT revealed an adrenal mass in each of the four patients scanned, three of which enhanced after intravenous contrast medium injection. The multiplanar imaging of MR allowed better distinction from adjacent structures and also demonstrated an unenlarged contralateral adrenal gland. In the patient with a 1-cm Conn's adenoma the lesion was more easily seen on MR than CT. Ultrasound showed the four larger tumours but was unable to visualise the contralateral adrenal or the Conn's adenoma. In conclusion, the MR appearances of four adrenocortical adenomas and one indeterminate tumour in children are described. MR has been found to be at least equal to CT in the detection of these tumours, with some possible advantages. Both techniques are superior to ultrasound.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01396204
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The pattern of basal and stimulated insulin responses to intravenous glucose in first degree relatives of Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic children and unrelated adults aged 5 to 50 years (1988)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 31 (1988), S. 430-434 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin ; glucose ; age ; children ; puberty
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pattern of insulin secretion was studied in 107 normal individuals aged 5 to 50 years. Intravenous glucose tolerance tests were performed on 64 islet-cell antibody negative siblings of diabetic children and on 43 normal adults. Puberty was staged using Tanner's criteria and subjects were grouped as follows: I — stage 1 (n=22), II — stages 2 and 3 (n=18), III — stages 4 and 5 (n=20), IV — adults 〉17 years (n=47). Basal and stimulated (incremental 0–10 and 10–60 min areas) insulin responses rose throughout puberty (Groups I–III), declined following puberty until the third decade (Groups III and IV) and then appeared constant thereafter. Insulin levels in the 17.6–22.5 year group were lower than in the 12.6–15 year group (p〈0.01). Fasting insulin to glucose ratios and incremental 0–60 min insulin to glucose area ratios produced a similar age-related pattern indicating that changes in insulin levels were independent of glucose concentrations. Gender did not affect these changes and multiple regression analysis showed that HLA haplotype sharing did not influence insulin responses in siblings of diabetic patients. Age and pubertal status must be carefully considered when interpreting intravenous glucose tolerance tests from patients suspected of having early abnormalities of carbohydrate metabolism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00271587
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Between and within subject variation of the first phase insulin response to intravenous glucose (1988)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 31 (1988), S. 123-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Variability ; insulin ; glucose
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Eight normal subjects underwent two intravenous glucose tolerance tests to determine the between and within subject variation of the first phase insulin response. Variability was represented by the coefficient of variation. The between subject variation for the incremental 0–10 min insulin area was 58%, and the within subject variation was 22% (median value), range 3–55%. The variation of the first phase response expressed in four different ways was compared. The total and incremental (above fasting levels) 0–10 min areas provided less variable results (variation 52 and 58%) than the 1+3 min insulin levels (variation 72%) or mean of the incremental 3–5 min insulin levels (variation 66%). The ratio of the incremental 0–10 min insulin to glucose areas was as variable (variation 53%) as the insulin responses alone. The variability of insulin responses to intravenous glucose severely limits their value as early predictors of B-cell failure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00395560
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acceleration of linear growth following intestinal resection for Crohn disease (1990)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 149 (1990), S. 687-690 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Crohn disease ; Growth ; Height velocity ; Intestinal resection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Twelve patients with Crohn disease aged from 11.3 to 17.1 years, underwent intestinal resection. Eight were prepubertal or in early puberty and 4 in mid or late puberty. Pre-operative assessment included acceleration and compression barium studies and total colonoscopy. In six patients the surgical indication was failure of medical management and in six intestinal obstruction. All but one were in remission 12 months after surgery. Height velocities in the eight pre and early pubertal patients increased dramatically during 6- and 12-month post operative measurement periods compared with preoperative growth. Height velocities in the mid and late pubertal patients showed much less increase. In selected patients, surgical treatment can induce remission resulting in catch-up growth and sustained growth acceleration. In prepubertal and early pubertal patients surgery is likely to improve final adult height.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01959522
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