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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 71 (1993), S. 98-101 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Lung transplantation ; Indications ; Results
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The indications and results of single and double lung transplantation are described on the basis of 66 operations performed by the authors and on the background of the world literature. Lung transplantation is considered a new and promising therapeutic mode for treating patients with end-stage pulmonary failure related to fibrosis, emphysema, infective conditions, and pulmonary hypertension yielding satisfactory early results. The long-term prognosis of patients undergoing lung transplantation, like that of any other organ transfer, remains guarded.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1433-0563
    Keywords: Key words Renal cell cancer • Vena cava inferior • Neoplastic extension • Thrombosis • Prognostic factors • Multiparameter analysis ; Schlüsselwörter Nierenzellkarzinom • Kavathrombus • Prognosefaktoren • Mehrparameteranalyse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Propagation eines Tumorthrombus in die V. cava inferior bzw. das rechte Atrium in Assoziation mit einem Nierenzellkarzinom wird bei 4–10 % der betroffenen Patienten beobachtet. Die Frage nach einer von anderen Tumorcharakteristika unabhängigen prognostischen Bedeutung des Kavathrombus für das Langzeitüberleben der Patienten wird trotz einer Reihe früherer Untersuchungen noch immer kontrovers diskutiert. Es wurde daher in der vorliegenden Untersuchung der klinische Verlauf von 53 Patienten mit Nierenzellkarzinom und Kavathrombus mit dem einer Kontrollgruppe, bestehend aus 47 Patienten mit Nierenzellkarzinom und ohne den Nachweis eines Kavathrombus, korreliert (Nachbeobachtungszeit: 1–154 Monate). Bei einem durchschnittlichen Langzeitüberleben von 32 bzw. 35 Monaten für Patienten mit Nierenzellkarzinom mit und ohne Nachweis eines Kavathrombus konnte uni- und multivariat weder für die Propagation eines Tumorthrombus in die V. cava inferior (p = 0,391) noch für die kraniale Thrombusausdehnung (p = 0,158) – auch im Falle einer rechtsatrialen Propagation – ein prognostischer Wert ermittelt werden.
    Notes: Summary The independent prognostic value of neoplastic extension of renal cell cancer (RCC) into the vena cava inferior has been the subject of several investigations reported to date. However, the use of vena cava thrombosis as an independent prognosticator of a patient's long-term survival is still debated. We have therefore correlated the clinical course of 53 patients with RCC and vena cava thrombosis with a control group consisting of 47 patients with renal cell tumors without vena cava thrombosis (follow-up: 1–154 months). The median long-term survival of patients with and without vena cava thrombosis was 32 and 35 months, respectively. Neither the propagation of the tumor into the vena cava (P = 0.391) nor the cranial extension of the thrombosis (P = 0.158) – even in case of propagation into the right atrium – could be identified as parameters of any prognostic value during univariate or multivariate statistical analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Chirurg 67 (1996), S. 1222-1225 
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Key words: Lung transplantation ; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ; Emphysema ; Obliterative bronchiolitis. ; Schlüsselwörter: Lungentransplantation ; chronisch obstruktive Lungenerkrankung ; Emphysem ; Bronchiolitis obliterans.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Die uni- oder bilaterale Lungentransplantation (LTx) ist eine bereits akzeptierte Methode zur Behandlung von Patienten mit fortgeschrittenen chronisch obstruktiven Lungenerkrankungen. Bei einer akzeptablen Frühletalität kann eine deutliche Besserung der Lungenfunktion und eine 5-Jahres-Überlebenswahrscheinlichkeit von über 70 % erreicht werden. Der Mangel an Spenderorganen und die Risiken der notwendigen lebenslangen Immunsuppression machen eine Nutzen-Risiko-Abwägung und somit eine Patientenselektion erforderlich. Das Bronchiolitis-obliterans-Syndrom stellt ein z. Z. noch nicht gelöstes Problem im Langzeitverlauf nach LTx dar, das sowohl die Lungenfunktion als auch das Überleben limitieren kann.
    Notes: Summary. Lung transplantation (uni- or bilateral) is an accepted treatment option for patients with end-stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Pulmonary function improves significantly and 5-year-actuarial survival is more than 70 % at acceptable early mortality rates. Careful evaluation of risks and benefits is necessary because of the known donor-organ shortage and the risks of life-long immunosuppressive treatment. The bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome is still a non-solved problem in the long-term course after LTx and it can influence late graft function and patient survival.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1433-8726
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Surgical removal continues to be the mainstay in the treatment of renal-cell carcinoma with neoplastic venous extension. The steady improvement of surgical and anesthesiological techniques and the introduction of complete circulatory arrest has dramatically improved the morbidity even of patients with extensive thrombi. If ultrasound or computerized tomography (CT) scanning suggests the presence of a venous extension in a patient with renal-cell carcinoma, cavography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), transesophageal color-coded ultrasound, and echocardiography may be needed to resolve the questions of cranial extension and vascular wall infiltration. Surgical stratification and, thus, classification of the venous extension depend on the potential need for complete circulatory arrest. Surgical removal is done en bloc for smaller venous extensions and in a two-step procedure (radical nephrectomy followed by thrombectomy) for more extensive thrombi. In patients with infiltration of the suprahepatic inferior vena cava, the hepatic veins or atrium, pending thrombotic embolism, or large masses of suprahepatic thrombotic material, the use of cardiopulmonary bypass and complete circulatory arrest is recommended.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Anaesthesist 43 (1994), S. 322-329 
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter: Alpha-1-Antitrypsinmangel – Lungenemphysem – Leberzirrhose – Lebertransplantation – Lungentransplantation ; Key words: Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency – Pulmonary emphysema – Liver cirrhosis – Liver transplantation – Lung transplantation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract. A 53-year-old man with alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency had an 8-year history of progressive dyspnoea and two episodes of bleeding oesophageal varices with liver decompensation. After the diagnosis of terminal pulmonary emphysema (Fig. 1) and liver cirrhosis with progressive liver failure was made, he was accepted for combined lung and liver transplantation. Methods. Anaesthesia was induced with thiopentone and fentanyl and maintained with fentanyl, midazolam, and isoflurane. After relaxation with succinylcholine, the patient's trachea was intubated with a left endobronchial double-lumen tube. Haemodynamic monitoring included arterial, central-venous, pulmonary-artery, and capillary-wedge pressures and cardiac output measurement. Ventilatory monitoring consisted of pulse oximetry, sidestream spirometry, and continuous measurement of arterial and mixed-venous blood oxygen saturation with fibreoptic catheters. A left single-lung transplantation was performed under one-lung ventilation without cardiopulmonary bypass. prostacyclin was infused to reduce pulmonary vascular resistance. The transplant was ventilated separately with 50% oxygen and positive endexpiratory pressure of 8 – 10 cm H2O, and then liver transplantation was carried out. The institution of veno-venous bypass during the anhepatic phase failed because of portal-vein and axillary-vein thrombi. Results. Total operation time was 6 h 30 min. Clamping of the left pulmonary artery lasted 45 min and the duration of the anhepatic phase was 92 min. Ventilation and oxygenation during lung transplantation caused no problems (Table 1). Clamping of the left pulmonary artery caused a slight increase in pulmonary vascular resistance (104 to 124 dyn⋅s⋅cm−5) and mean pulmonary artery pressure (25 to 27 mm Hg) without a decrease in cardiac index (Table 2). During the anhepatic phase with exclusion of the portal vein and inferior vena cava, a marked decrease in cardiac index (−27.2%) was seen (Table 4). The operation required substitution with 10 units packed red blood cells, 12 units fresh frozen plasma, and 5 platelet concentrates. The post-operative course showed normal liver graft function (Table 5). Acute pulmonary rejection on the 7th day was treated successfully with methylprednisolone. The patient's trachea has extubated 10 days after transplantation and he was discharged from the intensive care unit 2 weeks later. Conclusion. The management of this combined lung and liver transplantation was performed according to the experience with isolated lung and liver transplants in our hospital. Aggressive haemodynamic and ventilatory monitoring, including systemic and pulmonary arterial fibreoptic catheters, seems of particular importance in such high-risk procedures.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung. Bei einem 53jährigen Mann wurde erstmals in unserer Klinik eine kombinierte Lungen- und Lebertransplantation durchgeführt. Der Patient litt infolge von Alpha-1-Antitrypsinmangel an einem terminalen Lungenemphysem sowie einer mehrfach dekompensierten Leberzirrhose mit portaler Hypertension. In einer mehr als sechsstündigen Operation wurden zunächst die linke Lunge und anschließend die Leber transplantiert. Die Beatmung erfolgte seitengetrennt über einen Doppellumentubus, zur Überwachung der Sauerstoffsättigung benutzten wir einen femoral- und pulmonalarteriellen fiberoptischen Katheter. Die Oxygenierung während der Lungentransplantation erwies sich als unproblematisch, zur Senkung des pulmonalvaskulären Widerstands kam Prostacyclin zum Einsatz. Hämodynamisch imponierte ein hohes Herzzeitvolumen bei niedrigem systemischen Gefäßwiderstand. Wegen Thrombosierung von Pfortader und V. axillaris war die Installation eines femoroporto-axillären Bypasses während der anhepatischen Phase nicht möglich. Nach Abklemmen der unteren Hohlvene kam es zu einem Abfall des Herzindex um 27,2%. Der postoperative Verlauf zeigte eine rasche Erholung der Transplantatleber. Eine am 7. Tag aufgetretene pulmonale Abstoßung wurde erfolgreich mit Methylprednisolon therapiert, 10 Tage nach dem Eingriff konnte der Patient extubiert werden. Das anästhesiologische Management mit den Besonderheiten des hämodynamischen und Beatmungsmonitoring wird ausführlich erläutert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Transplant international 1 (1988), S. 140-145 
    ISSN: 1432-2277
    Keywords: Cardiac transplantation ; Organ procurement ; Euro-Collins' solution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In distant heart procurement, optimal storage conditions remain to be defined, especially with respect to the electrolytic concentrations of storage solutions. Between December 1986 and April 1987, heart transplants were carried out in 18 patients. After cardioplegic arrest (St. Thomas), the hearts were randomly stored in either Euro-Collins' solution (ECS; n=9) or Ringer's solution (RS; n-9) at 4°C. For the first 24 h postsurgery, atrial pressures (LAP, RAP), systemic (MAP) and pulmonary pressures (LAP), and cardiac output (CO) were monitored. In addition, catecholamine and nitroglycerine requirements as well as the type of cardiac rhythm were documented. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of the period of graft ischemia (ECS, 162±28 min; RS, 141±47 min); the MAP, RAP, LAP, and CO were also similar in both groups. The total amount of epinephrine needed to maintain the MAP between 60 and 80 mm Hg was 10.5 mg/24 h±4.1 mg in ECS compared with 19.9 mg/24 h±12 mg in RS (P〈0.05). Despite less inotropic support, the left cardiac work index was considerably higher in the ECS group (P〈0.05). In the first few postoperative hours, 8/9 RS patients needed either atrial (n=4) or ventricular pacing (n=4) for a heart rate of 90–100 beats/min (bpm), whereas only three ECS patients required atrial pacing (P〈0.05). All other ECS hearts showed a spontaneous sinus rhythm. At the 24th postoperative h eight RS patients remained pacemaker-dependent, as opposed to two ECS patients with atrial and one with ventricular pacing. We conclude that storage of the donor heart in a medium with intracellular ionic composition, such as ECS, is superior to RS (extracellular composition). ECS appears to result in better preservation of cardiac performance and electrical stability of the transplanted heart.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1435-1285
    Keywords: Key words Coronary bypass grafting – arterial CABG – radial artery – T-graft – skeletonization ; Schlüsselwörter Koronare Bypasschirurgie – Arterielle CABG – Radialarterie – T-Graft – Skelettierte Grafts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Hintergrund: Die komplett arterielle Koronarrevaskularisation stellt ein alternatives Operationsverfahren zur herkömmlichen Bypassoperation dar. Komplikationen des Langzeitverlaufs, die aus der Degeneration venöser Grafts resultieren, können mit diesem Operationsverfahren reduziert werden. Aufgrund verlängerter Operationszeiten und des erhöhten operativen Traumas bei Verwendung multipler arterieller Grafts sind diese bisher nur in Ausnahmen zum Einsatz gekommen. Wir stellen unsere Ergebnisse der komplett arteriellen Revaskularisation unter Verwendung neuer Techniken (Skelettierung arterieller Conduits/T-Graft-Konfiguration) vor.¶   Material und Methoden: Zwischen 3/96 bis 7/99 wurden in unserer Klinik 405 Patienten mit koronarer Mehrgefäßerkrankung komplett arteriell revaskularisiert. Alle Operationen wurden mit maximal 2 skelettierten Grafts durchgeführt, in 105 Patienten (25,9%) bilaterale Arteriae thoracicae internae, in 299 Patienten (73,8%) Arteria thoracica interna und Radialarterie und in 1 Patienten (0,3%) 1 Radialarterie.¶   Ergebnisse: In 346 Patienten (85,4%) erfolgte die Implantation der beiden arteriellen Grafts in T-Konfiguration. Im Mittel wurden 4,1±0,9 Koronargefäße pro Patient anastomosiert. Die Krankenhausletalität betrug 2%. Sternumwundheilungsstörungen traten bei 0,8% der Patienten auf. Komplikationen nach Entnahme der Radialarterie waren bis auf temporäre Parästhesien nicht zu verzeichnen. In der angiographischen Kontrolle 1 Woche postoperativ waren 96,7% der Koronaranastomosen frei von Stenosen 〉50%.¶   Schlussfolgerung: Die komplett arterielle Bypasschirurgie unter Verwendung skelettierter Arterien und der T-Graft-Technik ist ein sicheres Verfahren zur Therapie der koronaren Mehrgefäßerkrankung. Die niedrige Morbidität und Mortalität im perioperativen Verlauf erlauben ihre routinemäßige Anwendung.
    Notes: Summary Background: Complete arterial coronary artery bypass grafting seems to be an alternative surgical approach in the treatment of coronary artery disease. Complications in the long-term follow-up due to degeneration of venous grafts may be reduced using arterial conduits. Prolonged operating times and increased trauma due to harvesting of multiple arterial grafts have been arguments for the conventional operative approach. We present our experience using new operative techniques, such as skeletonization of arterial grafts and the T-graft configuration.¶   Material and methods: Between 3/96 and 7/99, 405 patients with multiple coronary artery disease underwent complete arterial revascularization at our institution. The operations were performed using only two skeletonized grafts, both internal thoracic arteries in 105 patients (25.9%), internal thoracic artery and radial artery in 299 patients (73.8%) and 1 radial artery in 1 patient (0.3%).¶   Results: In 346 patients (85.4%) a T-graft configuration was used. A mean of 4.1±0.9 coronary anastomoses were performed per patient. In hospital mortality was 2%. Sternal dehiscence or infection occured in 0.8% of patients. Harvesting of the radial artery was performable with a low morbidity. One week postoperatively, coronary angiography showed 96.7% of coronary anastomoses free of stenosis 〉50%.¶   Conclusion: Complete arterial coronary revascularization using skeletonized grafts and the T-graft approach is a safe technique in the treatment of multiple coronary artery disease. Low perioperative morbidity and mortality make its usage on a routine basis possible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 372 (1987), S. 892-892 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Cardiac allograft rejection ; Classification ; Herztransplantation ; Abstossung ; Klassifikation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Hannover-Klassifikation der Abstossung im transplantierten Herzen unterscheidet die akute (A-1-4: leichte, leichte mit regressiven Veränderungen an Kardiocyten, mässige, schwere) und die chronische Abstossung (C) mit Vasculopathie und aggressiver Fibrose. Ausserdem werden der Schweregrad der Vasculopathie (B) sowie Qualität und Quantität der Fibrose (F) beurteilt. Die Validität der Klassifikation wurde in 1127 konsekutiven Biopsien von 47 herztransplantierten Patienten analysiert. Es stellte sich heraus, dass prognostische Aussagen möglich sind. —Literatur: Kemnitz J, Cohnert T et al. (1987) Am J Surg Pathol 11:503–515.
    Notes: Summary The Hannover Classification of cardiac allograft rejection differentiates between acute (A-1–4: mild, mild with retrogressive changes in myocytes, moderate, severe) and chronic rejection (C) with vasculopathy and aggressive fibrosis. In addition, the degree of vasculopathy (B) as well as the quality and quantity of fibrosis (F) are evaluated. The validity of the classification was analyzed in 1127 consecutive biopsy specimens of 47 cardiac allograft recipients. The analysis showed that prognostic statements are possible.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 372 (1987), S. 892-893 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Immunosuppression ; Rejection ; Heart transplantation ; Immunsuppression ; Abstossungsbehandlung ; Herztransplantation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Erhöhung der oralen Steroidmedikation zur Behandlung einer akuten Abstossung nach orthoper Herztransplantation wurde bei 44 Abstossungen eingesetzt. Alle Patienten erhielten eine Basisimmunsuppression aus Cortison (0,5 mg/kg), Azathioprin (1–2 mg/kg) und Cyclosporin A (2–10 mg/kg). Im Vergleich zur sonst eingesetzten intravenösen Abstossungsbehandlung mit Methylprednisolon betrug die Erfolgsrate 75% im Vergleich zu 90% bei der konventionellen Behandlung. Für ausgewählte Patienten ist hierin eine Therapiealternative zu sehen.
    Notes: Summary The increase of steroid dosage was used for treatment of acute cardiac rejection in 44 rejections. Basic immunosuppression in all patients consisted of prednisolone (0.5 mg/kg), azathioprine (1–2 mg/kg) and cyclosporin A (2–10 mg/kg). Compared to the usual treatment using intravenous solumedrone, the success rate was 75% versus 90% with conventional treatment. In selected patients this treatment represents an alternative approach.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für Kardiologie 89 (2000), S. 965-968 
    ISSN: 1435-1285
    Keywords: Key words Intramural hematoma ; aortic dissection ; Schlüsselwörter Intramurales ; Hämatom ; Aortendissektion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das intramurale Hämatom ist eine spontane, lokalisierte Blutung in die Wand der thorakalen Aorta ohne Nachweis eines Intimaeinrißes. Klinisch manifestiert sich das intramurale Hämatom in Form eines plötzlichen thorakalen Schmerzereignisses bei Patienten mit bekannter arterieller Hypertonie und weist somit Parallelen zur klassischen Aortendissektion auf. In der Literatur wird kontrovers diskutiert, ob das intramurale Hämatom eine eigene Aortenpathologie darstellt, oder als Vorläufer in der Entwicklung der klassischen Aortendissektion anzusehen ist.  Wir berichten über einen 66-jährigen Patienten, bei dem ein intramurales Hämatoms der Aorta descendens diagnostiziert wurde, das sich innerhalb von 3 Monaten zu einer klassischen Dissektion entwickelte. Die sekundär nachweisbare aneurysmatische Aufweitung der deszendierenden Aorta führte zur operativen Behandlung, d.h. Ersatz der proximalen Aorta descendens.  Dieser Fall unterstützt die Hypothese, dass es sich bei dem intra-muralen Hämatom um eine Frühmanifestation der Aortendissektion handelt und unterstreicht die Notwendigkeit engmaschiger Kontrolluntersuchungen und gegebenenfalls frühzeitiger operativer Therapie.
    Notes: Summary Intramural hematoma is a spontaneous, localized bleeding in the wall of the thoracic aorta without evidence of intimal tear. Clinically, intramural hematoma manifests itself as an acute thoracical pain in patients with hypertension and therefore shows parallels with the classical aortic dissection. In the literature there is controversial discussion whether intramural hematoma can be regarded as its own aortic pathology or a precursor in the development of classical aortic dissection.    We present the case of a 66 year old male who showed an intramural hematoma of the descending aorta which rapidly progressed to classical dissection within 3 months. This finding was secondarily accompanied by a dilatation of the descending aorta which leads to operative treatment with replacement of the proximal aorta descendens. This case supports the hypothesis that intramural hematoma is a potential early manifestation of aortic dissection and at the same time stresses the necessity for frequent follow-up investigations and, if necessary, early operative therapy.
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