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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 14 (1977), S. 277-282 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 52
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The paper deals with the properties andI-V characteristics of discharges in narrow capillaries used, for example, for He−Ne waveguide lasers. It has been observed that discharges in He−Ne waveguide lasers are unstable because of the strongly falling characteristic. A theory is presented which assumes that at low currents wall charges restrict the positive column to a narrow plasma channel and are the main reason for the observed falling characteristic. A numerical evaluation for helium gives results which agree well with experimental data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 21 (1980), S. 407-409 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 52 ; 85.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A method is described for detection of CO2-laser power variations which requires no optical detector. It is based on plasma-tube impedance changes induced by the laser power flow within the cavity. A constant-current high-voltage power supply and a special equalizer are necessary to obtain a voltage proportional to the laser power. Details for the design of the equalizer are given. The detection scheme works for frequencies up to about 5 kHz and can be used for laser frequency stabilization or signature analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 23 (1980), S. 41-45 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.80.Hq ; 42.80.Mv ; 78.20.Fm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract This work describes the preparation and testing of a double-core single-mode optical fiber intended for use as a directional coupler. A short survey of optical directional coupler theory is followed by a description of the preparation of the double-core preform. The drawn fibers have a core diameter of 5μm with a spacing between core centers of 13μm. Sections of the double-core fiber were tested at λ=633 nm and 876 nm. The coupling factor measured for straight fiber sections of different length was found to be considerably lower than that calculated assuming equal phase velocities for both waveguides. This was concluded to be due to a difference between phase velocities caused mainly by a 4 to 5% difference between core diameters. At 876 nm a maximum coupling ratio of 13% was observed. Bending the fiber section was found to influence the coupling factor due to a change in the phase velocity difference. This effect can be utilized for tuning couplers. A double-core fiber section may be applied as a sensor for measuring the bending angle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 6 (1975), S. 199-205 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: CO-frequencies ; CO rotational and vibrational constants ; Frequency differences between transitions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We report the calculation of12C16O molecular constants and rotational-vibrational transition frequencies of the electronic ground state with improved accuracy. It is based on a recent paper containing results of accurate frequency measurements of a few CO lines. By using these data new rotational constants have been determined, they are then utilized to calculate band center frequencies of four bands. Futhermore, four vibrational constants were computed by means of the calculated band center frequencies. Tables of band center frequencies, andP andR branch transition frequencies are given for the bands 1–0 to 20–19. It was not possible to obtain standard deviations of line frequencies. It is shown, however, that the best molecular constants published lead to line frequencies with deviations of a few hundred MHz. Line frequencies calculated with the new molecular constants coincide exactly with frequencies measured. Finally, it is shown that there are pairs of transitions whose frequencies are close together. By measuring frequency differences of a number of such pairs it should be possible to further improve CO molecular constants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 5 (1973), S. 411-413 
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European food research and technology 106 (1957), S. 119-122 
    ISSN: 1438-2385
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Im Sinne einer Vereinheitlichung der Analysenmethoden wird vorgeschlagen: 1. Die Gesamtsäure der Fruchtsäfte und Weine aus dem Kern-, Stein- and Beerenobst, den Trauben und Wildfrüchten, durch elektrometrische Titration auf pH 7 zu bestimmen and als Weinsdure zu berechnen. 2. Die Gesamtsäure der Fruchtsäfte aus Citrusfrüchten und Ananas durch elektrometrische Titration auf pH 8,4 zu bestimmen und als Citronensäure zu berechnen. 3. Sofern eine elektrometrische Titration nicht durchführbar ist, kann mit Merckschem Indicator-Papier auf pH 7 oder mit Phenolphthalein (Umschlagswert pa 8,2–10) auf pH 8,4 titriert werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European food research and technology 97 (1953), S. 17-24 
    ISSN: 1438-2385
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Der „Tankgeschmack”, der bei den nach dem Böxi-Verfahren eingelagerten Apfelsäften auftreten kann, ist chemisch an einem Milchsäuregehalt des Saftes über 0,4 g/l zu erkennen. Die Milchsäurebildung beginnt sofort nach der Einlagerung, solange die Temperatur im Tank noch über 15° C beträgt. Die Milchsäure wird unter Änderung des pH-Wertes aus Apfelsäure gebildet. Aus 1 g Apfelsäure entstehen 0,46–0,5 g Milchsäure. Apiculatus-Hefe undMucor racemosus bleiben unter Kohlensäuredruck lebensfähig, bilden jedoch keine Milchsäure wieBaeterium gracile. Da unter Kohlensäuredruck die im Most vorhandenen Kokken und Stäbchen zur Milchsäurebildung befähigt sind, empfiehlt es sich, die Moste vor der Einlagerung völlig zu entkeimen. Bei Lagertemperaturen über 10° C ist diese Entkeimung unerläßlich, andernfalls die Moste den „Tankgeschmack” annehmen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 148 (1955), S. 10-14 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wird ein Verfahren zur papierchromatographischen Trennung von Kreatin und Kreatinin angegeben. Bei der papierchromatographischen Bestimmung des Gesamtkreatinins in Lebensmitteln wird vorhandenes Kreatin durch Eindampfen mit Salzsäure zuerst in Kreatinin umgewandelt. Störende Stoffe, die ebenfalls die Jaffésche Reaktion geben, lassen sich ebenso wie die Eigenfärbungen gut abtrennen. Die quantitative Bestimmung erfolgt durch Photometrie der mit Pikrinsäure in alkalischer Lösung erhaltenen Färbung. In Erzeugnissen mit niedrigem Kreatiningehalt wird das Kreatinin vorher durch Ausziehen mit Alkohol angereichert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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