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  • 1
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Heparin is still the most commonly used anticoagulant in cardiac surgery necessitating cardiopulmonary bypass. In recent years, endothelial-related coagulation (e.g. thrombomodulin I protein C-system) has enlarged our knowledge of the regulation of haemostasis. In a controlled randomised study, the influence of different regimens of anticoagulation on the thrombomodulin I protein C-system was studied. Sixty patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting were randomly allocated into four groups (n = 15) to receive: 300 IU.kg-1 of heparin before bypass; 600 IU.kg-1 of heparin; 300 IU.kg-1 of heparin as bolus followed by a continuous infusion of 10 000 IU.h-1 until the end of bypass; or 600IU.kg-1 of heparin plus“high dose” aprotinin (2 million IU of aprotinin before bypass, 500 000 IU.h-1 until the end of the operation and 2 million IU added to the bypass pump prime). Grouping was blinded for the surgeon and the anaesthetist. Plasma concentrations of thrombomodulin, protein C and (free) protein S as well as thrombin/antithrombin III were measured by enzyme -linked-immunosorbent assays after induction of anaesthesia, during and after bypass, at the end of surgery, 5h after bypass, and on the first postoperative day. Activated clotting time was significantly longer during bypass in group 2 (566 (60)s) and group 4 (655 (59)s), whereas standard coagulation parameters showed no differences between the four groups. Blood loss and use of homologous blood and blood products were highest in groups 2 and 3. Thrombomodulin plasma levels were similar (and normal) at baseline (〈 40 ng.l-1), decreased during bypass and reached baseline values postoperatively without showing significant group differences. Protein C did not show any differences among the groups within the investigation period.‘Free’ protein S plasma levels were most reduced in group 1 (from 68 (8)% to 48 (9)% after bypass). Thrombin/antithrombin III plasma concentrations increased most in groups 1 (to 69 (14) μg.l-1 after bypass) and 2 (to 48 (7) ng.l-1 after bypass), whereas they remained significantly lower in groups 3 and 4. The thrombomodulin/protein C-system was not significantly influenced by the regimen of anticoagulation. Administration of‘high-dose’ heparin was associated with the highest blood loss, which could not be related to endothelial-associated coagulation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Freshwater biology 41 (1999), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: 1. The effects of nitric acidification on phytoplankton were studied in a small, eperimentally manipulated, oligotrophic lake (L302N) in the Eperimental Lakes Area of Canada. The focus was altered after 9 years of acidification to investigate the possibility of using nutrient additions to stimulate recovery, followed by a controlled incremental recovery, in which the pH was increased to a predetermined target level.2. Five years of additions of HNO3 to L302N reduced its pH from 6.5 to 6.1. Nitrate concentration increased because the algal community was severely P deficient. The phytoplankton community structure and productivity were not significantly affected by these additions.3. The phytoplankton community was significantly affected when pH was subsequently decreased over three successive years from 6.1 to 5.1 by the addition of HCl. Dominance shifted from chrysophytes to a co-dominance of chlorophytes and dinoflagellates, which altered the size structure of the community. Species diversity significantly decreased, although phytoplankton productivity remained unchanged.4. At pH 5.1 nitrate and sulphate additions were made, creating conditions like those in lakes in eastern North America, which receive high loadings of nitrogen from the atmosphere. The phytoplankton assemblage shifted to dominance by small coccoidal chlorophytes. However, biomass and productivity were unaffected.5. Finally, phosphate, as phosphoric acid, was added, along with nitrate and sulphate, to the epilimnion, which stimulated internal alkalinity generation and productivity. It is concluded that CO2 concentrations and the form of N (nitrate vs. ammonia) affect algal composition but that P determines algal biomass and productivity. Chlorophytes were found to be good competitors for P when N and CO2 were high; it is epected that cyanobacteria would be more competitive for P in low CO2 systems. Conversely, dinoflagellates are most competitive in systems with low pH and high P, such as that which occurred in L302N. Although the P additions reduced N concentrations and created alkalinity, this is not a recommended remedial procedure in acidified lakes because it enhanced dinoflagellate abundance, which has been associated with fish kills.6. When all additions ceased, the pH of L302N recovered from 5.1 to 5.8, chrysophytes and chlorophytes became more abundant and dinoflagellates decreased in abundance. Phytoplankton biomass decreased and species diversity increased. Phytoplankton productivity remained unchanged
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Volatile anaesthetics differ in the effects they have on splanchnic haemodynamics and oxygenation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of desflurane and isoflurane as part of a balanced anaesthetic technique on intestinal tissue oxygenation during colorectal surgery. Data were analysed from 44 patients randomly assigned to receive either desflurane (desflurane group, n= 20), or isoflurane (isoflurane group, n= 24) for inhalational anaesthesia. Tissue oxygen pressure (Ptisso2)␣was measured on the serosal side of the large intestine prior to colonic resection (T1) and␣following the completion of the bowel anastomosis (T2). In addition, haemodynamic and oxygenation parameters were assessed. No difference in mean Ptisso2 was observed between the groups at T1 [desflurane group: 8.1 (2.9) kPa vs. isoflurane group: 7.7 (2.7) kPa]. Following completion of the anastomosis (T2) mean Ptisso2 was higher in the isoflurane group [9.6 (2.9) kPa] than the desflurane group [7.7 (2.4) kPa, p = 0.025]. During surgery no difference between the␣groups could be observed with regard to haemodynamics and global oxygenation parameters. The lack of a difference between the groups in Ptisso2 before resection of the colon suggests that,␣under normal conditions, desflurane and isoflurane have comparable effects on intestinal blood␣flow and oxygenation. However, following local ischaemia, the reactive hyperaemia seems␣to␣be better preserved during isoflurane anaesthesia indicated by a local increase in Ptisso2␣(p = 0.013) following completion of the bowel anastomosis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Tetrahedron Letters 7 (1966), S. 4261-4263 
    ISSN: 0040-4039
    Quelle: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 205 (1973), S. 221-228 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Schlagwort(e): Basilar artery ; Brain stem syndrome ; Angiography cerebral ; Megadolichobasilaris
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Fallbeschreibung einer 68jährigen Patientin, die klinisch ein Millard-Gubler-Foville-Syndrom bot. Die retrograde Brachialisarteriographie zeigt eine ausgeprägte Megadolichobasilaris mit einer Eindellung des 3. Ventrikels von basal her. Weitere schwere Gefäßveränderungen arteriosklerotischer Genese, der plötzliche Beginn des Krankheitsbildes und psychopathologische Veränderungen sprachen für eine Gefäßläsion. Ein Kleinhirnbrückenwinkeltumor konnte durch eine Luftencephalographie ausgeschlossen werden.
    Notizen: Summary Case report of a 68-year-old fermale patient with clinically apparent Millard-Gubler-Foville syndrome. Retrograde brachial angiography revealed a distinct megadolichobasilaris with compression of the 3rd ventricle from basal. Other severe vascular changes of arteriosclerotic genesis, the sudden onset of the disease and psychopathological changes indicate a vessel lesion. A cerebellopontine angle tumor was excluded by pneumoencephalography.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Der Radiologe 38 (1998), S. 930-934 
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Schlagwort(e): Schlüsselwörter Zerebrale Gliome ; Xenon CT ; Perfusions MRI ; Astrozytome ; Regionaler zerebraler Blutfluß ; Regionales zerebrales Blutvolumen ; Key words Cerebral glioma ; Xenon CT ; Perfusion MRI ; Astrocytoma Regional cerebral blood flow ; Regional cerebral blood volume
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Summary Within certain limits the vascularity of cerebral gliomas correlates with dysplasia. Xenon CT and perfusion MRI can be used to investigate tumor vascularity. Using an optimized wash in/out protocol with inhalation of 30% xenon gas, xenon CT was performed and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and blood/tissue partition coefficient (λ) calculated. Furthermore, perfusion MRI was performed using a dynamic T2*w EPI sequence with intravenous administration of Gd-DTPA. The relative regional cerebral blood volume, arrival time, time to peak and mean transit time were calculated. Both modalities were used in patients with supratentorial gliomas and compared with conventional contrast-enhanced MRI (ceMRI). Calculation of regional cerebral blood flow, as compared to ceMRI, did not contribute to the diagnostic approach of tumor dysplasia. Tumour vascularity was better estimated by measurement of λ. Measurement of relative regional cerebral blood volume also correlated with tumor vascularity. Mainly the possibility of direct quantification of the Xe-CT data was advantagenous compared to perfusion MRI, and the XeCT data could be interpreted more clearly. Further upgrades of the technical equipment of MR as well as upgrades of available software will increase the applicability of perfusion MRI. However, both modalities offer a more precise investigation of tumor vascularization compared to ceMRI since potential dysplastic alteration may be detected earlier, which will be advantageous for planning bioptical approach of such tumours.
    Notizen: Zusammenfassung Die Vaskularisation eines zerebralen Glioms korreliert, innerhalb bestimmter Grenzen, mit dem Grad der Dysplasie. Xenon-CT und Perfusionskernspintomographie (Perfusions-KST) können zur genaueren Diagnostik der Tumorvaskularisation eingesetzt werden. Die Xenon-CT wurde unter Verwendung eines optimierten Wash-in-out-Protokolls unter Inhalation von 30% Xenongas durchgeführt und der regionale zerebrale Blutfluß sowie der Blut-Gewebe-Verteilungskoeffizient berechnet. Für die Perfusions-KST fand eine dynamische T2*-gewichtete EPI-Sequenz während der i.v. Applikation von Kontrastmittel Verwendung. Das relative, regionale zerebrale Blutvolumen, die Bolusankunftszeit, der Bolusmaximumzeitpunkt und die mittlere Bolustransitzeit wurden ermittelt. Beide Verfahren wurden bei Patienten mit supratentoriellen Gliomen eingesetzt und die bisherigen Daten mit der konventionellen Kontrastmittel-verstärkten KST (KM-KST) verglichen. Diskussion: Die Bestimmung des regionalen zerebralen Blutflusses allein ergibt keinen Vorteil gegenüber der KM-KST. Der Blut-Gewebe-Verteilungskoeffizient ermöglicht jedoch eine genauere Beurteilung der Tumorvaskularisation. Die Messung des regionalen zerebralen Blutvolumens erfaßt die Tumorvaskularisation ebenfalls zufriedenstellend. Die Ergebnisse der XeCT waren jedoch, aufgrund der einfacheren Quantifizierbarkeit, eindeutiger interpretierbar als jene der Perfusions-KST. Von technischen Aufrüstungen des MR-Tomographen und Erweiterungen des Software-Sets sind jedoch Verbesserungen der Ergebnisse der Perfusions-KST gegenüber der Xenon-CT zu erwarten. Beide Methoden bieten eine genauere Untersuchungsmöglichkeit der Tumorvaskularisation, etwa zur Lokalisation dysplastischer Foci vor Biopsien als die konventionelle KM-KST, da punktuell dysplastische, vaskuläre Veränderungen früh erfaßt werden können.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Die rasant fortschreitenden Entwicklungen auf dem Gebiet der Radiodiagnostik eröffnen auch der Intensivmedizin neue Aspekte: Mittels moderner Technik können heute ungleich rascher konklusive Diagnosen gestellt werden. Dies setzt jedoch die Kenntnis der Möglichkeiten und auch der Grenzen bildgebender Methoden in der Intensivmedizin voraus. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden, ausgehend von relevanten klinischen Fragestellungen und Problemkomplexen, die Möglichkeiten bildgebender Verfahren vorgestellt und diskutiert. Es werden die wichtigsten diagnostischen Röntgenzeichen erläutert und ein diagnostisches Prozedere vorgezeichnet, somit soll der vorliegende Beitrag eine kurze Zusammenfassung der für den Intensivmediziner wichtigen Aspekte der Bildgebung darstellen.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 398 (1983), S. 263-275 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): GFAP ; Medulloblastoma ; Pineoblastoma ; Cerebral Neuroblastoma ; Medulloepithelioma ; Small-cell Glioma of Cerebellum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Investigation of GFAP in 50 medulloblastomas showed a few GFAP-positive tumour cells in 5 cases only; 17 tumours were negative, and 28 showed a “pseudopositivity”, i.e. GFAP-bearing cells were identified as reactive or degenerating astrocytes, intermingled with tumour elements. A high GFAP content was seen in 2 small-cell gliomas of the cerebellum, whereas 3 pineoblastomas, 2 neuroblastomas of CNS, and one medulloepithelioma were negative. GFAP is a very good method for identificating astrocytes, but does not seem to be reliable for identifying the origin of undifferentiated tumours such as medulloblastomas. In these neoplasms glial differentiation is lacking or extremely rare, GFAP-positivity being mostly an artifact. The investigation of small tumour samples or the positivity of a single cell are inadequate data for a correct evaluation of the findings, especially taking in mind that GFAP of degenerated astrocytes can be phagocytised by cells other than glial (e.g., macrophages, epithelial and meningioma cells). The importance of carefully checking the whole structure of the tumour is stressed, GFAP positivity or negativity being not a sufficient criterion for its nosological classification.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 16 (1978), S. 183-186 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary To find evidence of cortical atrophy, 112 computer tomograms and 40 angiograms of patients above the age of 70 were evaluated. In the CT the width of the interhemispheric and of the sylvian fissure, in the angiograms the distance between the vessels extending into the interhemispheric fissure (anteroposterior view) and the distance between the cortical branches and the inner table (lateral view) were measured. The same measurements were performed in 100 normal computer tomograms and in 100 normal angiograms of patients between 20 and 40 years old. Statistically significant differences could be ascertained between the mean values for the patients over 70 and those for the younger ones, indicating that age-induced cerebral atrophy can be neuroradiologically demonstrated. The radiologic findings, however, do not necessarily correspond to the grade of intellectual impairment in the elderly. Neuropathologic and molecular biological research could bring us closer to the solution of this correlative problem.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 10 (1975), S. 49-54 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Les auteurs rapportent un cas d'angiofibrome nasopharyngien de la puberté, dont l'angiographie sélective des artères carotides externes et internes des deux côtés a démontré nettement une opacification de la tumeur. L'importance de l'angiographie sélective est soulignée en cas de soupçons d'un angiofibrome nasopharyngien de la puberté, car cet examen sert à constater non seulement les dimensions et la vascularisation, mais souvent aussi le diagnostic spécifique de la tumeur.
    Kurzfassung: Zusammenfassung Es wird von einem juvenilen Nasenrachenfibrom berichtet, bei welchem die selektiven Angiogramme beider Aa. carot. externae und internae eine deutliche Tumoranfärbung zeigten. Die Bedeutung der selektiven Angiographie bei Verdacht auf ein juveniles Nasenrachenfibrom wird betont, da durch diese Untersuchung nicht nur die Ausdehnung und Gefäßversorgung, sondern auch meist die Artdiagnose des Tumors festgestellt werden kann.
    Notizen: Summary A case of a juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma is reported. The bilateral selective angiograms of the external carotid arteries as well as of the internal carotid arteries revealed a distinct tumor stain. The importance of selective angiography in cases of surmised juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibromas is emphasized, since this examination makes it possible for one to determine not only the extent and the vascular supply, but in most cases also the specific diagnosis of the tumor.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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