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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Steroid Biochemistry 28 (1987), S. 49 
    ISSN: 0022-4731
    Quelle: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0022-4731
    Quelle: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 1 (1977), S. 709-718 
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé L'utilisation en routine du screening de laboratoire par les appareils automatiques multi-canaux, tant pour les malades hospitalisés que pour les consultants, a accru les possibilités de détection des hypercalcémies. Ces méthodes de diagnostic perfectionnées permettent de distinguer l'hyperparathyroïdie vraie des troubles du métabolisme calcique d'origine non endocrinienne. Les caractéristiques de l'hyperparathyroïdie primaire et secondaire sont décrites, ainsi que les tableaux cliniques. Le diagnostic doit être basé sur les investigations biologiques: d'abord mesures répétées de la calcémie et de la phosphorémie, tests fonctionnels spécifiques pour les cas douteux, dosage de la parathormone plasmatique comme preuve de l'hyperproduction hormonale. La signification et la valeur des moyens de diagnostic sont discutées, tant pour l'utilisation en routine que dans les cas sélectionnés.
    Notizen: Abstract Routine application of multichannel laboratory screening for both inpatients and outpatients has increased detection of hypercalcemia. With these improved diagnostic tools, it has become possible to distinguish true hyperparathyroidism from nonendocrine disorders of calcium metabolism. Typical features of primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism are described in relation to their clinical presentation. Diagnosis is based on laboratory findings which include repeated serum calcium and phosphate measurements as the first step, additional specific functional tests for borderline cases, and serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) measurements as pathognomonic proof of excess hormone secretion. Significance and reliability of diagnostic procedures are discussed with regard to routine and selective application.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 58 (1980), S. 153-155 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Schlagwort(e): Experimental hyperparathyroidism in recurrent stone formers ; Urinary excretion of Na+, K+, Ca2+ ; Uric acid ; cAMP generating capacity ; PTH clearance ; PTH-Belastung ; PTH-Abbaurate ; Rezidivierende Nephrolithiasis ; Renale cAMP-Kapazität ; Elektrolytausscheidung ; Harnsäureausscheidung
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Bei Patienten mit rezidivierender Nephrolithiasis wird die Elektrolytausscheidung nach einmaliger extremer Parathormoninjektion untersucht und mit einem Kontrollkollektiv verglichen. Die Harnvolumina sowie die Elektrolytausscheidung von Na+, K+, Ca+ nehmen signifikant ohne Unterschiede zu. Nach Applikation von PTH steigt der Urin-cAMP-Gehalt deutlich an. Bei Patienten mit rezidivierender Nephreolithiasis war die renale cAMP-Kapazität nicht vermindert. Die Werte normalisieren sich 120 min nach PTH Applikation und die Halbwertszeit für PTH bei allen untersuchten Probanden liegt bei 30–40 min.
    Notizen: Summary Idiopathic nephrolithiasis with recurrent ca-oxalat stones are investigated for occult renal dysfunction or for disturbed clearance of PTH. After injection of PTE a significant increase of renal excretion of Na+, K+, Ca2+ and uric acid was observed normalizing within 120 min after injection. Healthy controls showed similar changes, and following PTH the cAMP generating capacity of patients with recurrent stones was in normal range. The turn over rate of PTH was 30–40 min without differences in the collectives studied.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 6 (1992), S. 564-564 
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 288 (1975), S. 381-402 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Schlagwort(e): Vasodilator Drugs ; Antihypertensive Drugs ; Excitation-contraction Coupling ; 45Calcium Uptake ; Cyclic AMP ; Lanthanum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary 1. Sodium nitroprusside is a potent relaxant of smooth muscles with a predominantly tonic response, e.g. rat aorta contracted by noradrenaline angiotensin II, Phe2-Lys8-vasopressin, BaCl2, or KCl, and guinea-pig tracheal smooth muscle contracted by carbachol. 2. Smooth muscle preparations from the splanchnic region and with varying degrees of phasic contractility are less sensitive and develop tachyphylaxis (portal vein, duodenum of the rat) or are unresponsive to sodium nitroprusside (vas deferens, uterus of the rat). 3. Cardiac auricles of the guinea pig are not affected by sodium nitroprusside in either frequency or amplitude of spontaneous contractions. 4. Sodium nitroprusside causes a parallel shift of the dose-response curve of rat aorta to noradrenaline to the right and reduces the maximum response. 5. The drug has no blocking or stimulant effect on α-or β-adrenoceptors, respectively. 6. Sodium nitroprusside inhibits the contractile response of calcium-depleted depolarized rat aorta to extra-cellular calcium. Like verapamil, it inhibits the increment in 45calcium uptake of rabbit aorta elicited by K+. Sodium nitroprusside significantly reduces 45calcium binding by microsomes prepared from rabbit aorta. 7. Rabbit aorta was incubated with lanthanum chloride to prevent calcium influx; sodium nitroprusside reduced the maintained rapid contraction phase in response to noradrenaline which is believed to be based on the intracellular activation of calcium. 8. In rat aorta, cellular cAMP and ATP levels were not found to be affected by the drug. 9. Rabbit aorta, “skinned” by glycerination, is unresponsive to sodium nitroprusside. 10. It is concluded that sodium nitroprusside acts on excitation-contraction coupling predominantly in tonic smooth muscle by interfering with both the influx and the intracellular activation of calcium.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 68 (1990), S. 421-426 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Schlagwort(e): Parathyroid hormone ; Vitamin D ; 25-hydroxyvitamin D ; 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D ; Geriatric patients
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary In 50 patients of a geriatric hospital (33 women, aged 65–96 years, mean age 80 years, and 17 men, aged 68–91, mean age 78.3 years) calcium, albumin, phosphate, urea, creatinine, parathyroid hormone, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D were determined. Forty patients with serum creatinine levels up to 1.4 mg/dl (124 Μmol/l) and 10 patients with creatinine concentrations ≥1.5 mg/dl (132Μmol/l) were evaluated. In patients with normal creatinine, a positive correlation was found between parathyroid hormone and age (r=0.41;P〈0.01). In patients with elevated creatinine, negative correlations were found in 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and calcium (r=−0.724;P〈0.05), 1,25dihydroxyvitamin D and creatinine (r=−0.79;P〈0.01) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and phosphate (r=−0.87;P〈 0.002). The best correlation was observed in patients with elevated serum creatinine for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and phosphate (r=−0.91;P〈 0.001). The results suggest that low levels of calcium and phosphate stimulate the 1-hydroxylation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D even in advanced age and that the calcium metabolism of these patients is frequently disturbed. Nineteen patients had low levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, indicating an insufficient supply of vitamin D or rare exposure to sunlight. In 49 of 50 patients, one ore more of the parameters of calcium metabolism were outside the normal range.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Schlagwort(e): Glucagon ; Glucagonoma ; Octreotide ; Chromogranin A ; Preglucagon ; Preproglucagon ; Somatostatin
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract A 52-year-old female with metastatic glucagonoma secreting glucagon and chromogranin A was treated with the somatostatin analogue octreotide for 2 years without any additional tumor-reducing interventions. Before therapy plasma glucagon was above 8 μg/l (normal 〈0.2) and within 2 days 3 × 200 μg octreotide daily suppressed plasma glucagon to 2.2–2.5 μg/l. Concomitantly, chromogranin A dropped from 0.85 mg/l (normal 〈0.1) to 0.2. After 3 weeks the preexisting disabling necrolytic migratory erythema had vanished completely, and weight loss was temporarily stopped. During therapy chromogranin A and plasma glucagon rose, exceeding pretreatment levels after 3 and 14 months, respectively. After 1 year the erythema recurred, responding only transiently to increasing doses of octreotide. The patient died after 2 years of therapy of tumor cachexy despite very highdosesof octreotide (4 × 600 μg/day). Throughout treatment octreotide did not prevent tumor growth, as demonstrated by computed tomography and sonography. Determination of immunoreactive glucagon before and during octreotide therapy in fractions of plasma samples subjected to gel chromatography revealed a reduction in the ratio of glucagon to preproglucagon from 1.83 (before) to 0.56 (during therapy), indicating inhibition of posttranslational processing of preproglucagon by octreotide, thereby reducing circulating bioactive glucagon. In summary, octreotide induced a remission of clinical symptoms by inhibiting posttranslational conversion of preproglucagon to glucagon but did not prevent tumor growth. Therefore, octreotide is a valuable therapy for rapid relief of clinical symptoms, thereby improving the possibilities for other tumor-reducing therapies.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Schlagwort(e): Cyclosporin A ; 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 ; Calcium metabolism ; Parathyroid hormone
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Animal studies have shown that cyclosporin A (CyA) stimulates renal 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3]-1α-hydroxylase activity; in contrast, studies in renal transplant recipients indirectly suggest that CyA reduces 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25 (OH)2D3] production. To clarify the effect of CyA on vitamin D metabolite concentrations, we measured parameters of calcium metabolism in 37 CyA-treated patients (median trough whole blood levels 171–222 ng/ml) with multiple sclerosis and initially normal kidney function. The patients participated in a randomized double-blind study to assess the efficacy of CyA in multiple sclerosis. An age- and sex-matched control group (n = 39) received azathioprine (Aza). Measurements were made at the end of a 2-year treatment period. The 1,25(OH)2D3 serum concentrations were not significantly different between the two groups, although they were numerically lower in CyA-treated patients [median (range), 28.4 pg/ml (7.8–85.9) vs 41.0 pg/ml (9.2–105.1) in Aza-treated patients]. The 25(OH)D3 levels were comparable in both groups. There was no correlation between the 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 concentrations. The renal function in both groups was stable in the last 6 months of the study. At the end of the study period, the endogenous creatinine clearance was significantly lower in the CyA-treated group (85 ± 17 ml/min versus 99 ± 22 in the Aza-treated group, P 〈 0.05). The carboxyterminal parathyroid hormone (C-PTH) was within the normal range in both groups, although CyA-treated patients had significantly higher concentrations (P〈0.01). The urinary excretion of mineral ions, cations and protein was similar in both groups. Our data suggest that long-term treatment with CyA does not cause clinically important alterations of vitamin D metabolism in humans. Subtle differences in the concentrations of 1,25(OH)2D3 and C-PTH between CyA- and Aza-treated patients result presumably from a slight impairment of renal function through CyA.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 70 (1992), S. 686-691 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Schlagwort(e): Thiazides ; Glomerular filtration ; Hemoconcentration ; Parathyroid hormone
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary To elucidate the renal effects of thiazides as a function of sodium intake, 8 healthy volunteers without renal disease were studied at baseline and 1 day as well as 4 days after the administration of 100 mg hydrochlorothiazide/day. The subjects were compared on two different dietary sodium intakes (120 mmol/day and 220 mmol/day). Measurements comprised inulin clearance (Cin) and paraaminohippurate clearance (Cpah) by infusion clearance technique, total and ionised calcium, immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (1,84 iPTH), 1.25 (OH)2 vitamin D3, and indices of hemoconcentration. Acute administration of hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) caused no change in Cin (before 111 ± 3 ml/min 1.73 m2 ; 24 h after, 107 ± 2 ml/min 1.73 m2) or Cpah (before, 579 ± 9 ml/min 1.73 M2; after, 584 ± 12 ml/min 1.73 m2), while a significant (P 〈 0.01) decrease was noted on the 4th day after 100 mg HCTZ/day and normal sodium intake. No significant change of creatinine clearance (Ccr) was seen with either manouever. Renal hemodynamic changes after HCTZ administration were marginal when hemoconcentration was prevented by a high salt intake. Acute administration (1 h) of HCTZ caused suppression of 1,84 iPTH (before, 2.3 ±0.5 pmol/l; after, 1.9 ± 0.2 pmol/l; P 〈 0.01), but after 4 days a lower ionised calcium (baseline, 1.25 ± 0.01 mmol/l; day 5, 1.20 ± 0.02 mmol/l; P 〈 0.01) was noticed in parallel with hemoconcentration, metabolic alkalosis, and reduced 1,25 (OH)2 vitamin D3 concentrations. The level of 1,84 iPTH was elevated. We conclude that (i) hydrochlorothiazide does not affect the renal hemodynamics if hemoconcentration is avoided and (ii) hydrochlorothiazide acutely lowers PTH, while subacutely metabolic alkalosis and decreased ionised calcium may occur with concomitant increase in 1,84 iPTH and decrease in 1,25 (OH)2 vitamin D3 concentrations unless hemoconcentration is prevented.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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