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  • 1
    ISSN: 0003-9861
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 339 (1975), S. 85-93 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Chemoprophylaxis ; Chemotherapy, adjuvant ; Cancer: Treatment, combined-modality ; Chemoprophylaxe- ; Tertiäre Krebsprophylaxe ; Postoperative Chemotherapie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die chirurgischen Heilungsziffern der meisten operablen bösartigen Tumoren haben sich im Laufe der letzten Jahrzehnte trotz Verbesserung der operativen Technik und „prophylaktischer” Vor- oder Nachbestrahlung nicht verändert. Wegen bekannter Limitationen der primären and sekundären Krebsprophylaxe (Verhütung und Früherfassung) ist in den letzten Jahren die „terthire” Prophylaxe (Rezidiv- and Metastasierungsprophylaxe) ins Interesse der primären Tumorbehandlung gerückt. Nachgewiesene Verlängerungen des postoperativen tumor-freien Intervalls unter Chemoprophylaxe wurde in kontrollierten Studien beim operierten Mammacarcinom and bei osteogenem Sarkom sowie weiteren Zieltumoren beobachtet. Mittellangfristige Chemoprophylaxe erscheint dabei wirksamer als einzelne peroperative Cytostaticastöße.
    Notes: Summary The surgical cure rates for most operable cancers have remained unchanged over the past few decades despite progress in local treatment and “prophylactic” preor postoperative radiotherapy. Due to the limitations of primary and secondary prophy laxis (prevention and “early” diagnosis), tertiary prophylaxis (adjuvant chemotherapy to prevent relapse or dissemination) has aroused considerable interest in tumor management recently. Definite progress in prolongation of the postoperative tumorfree interval has been obtained in controlled studies of breast cancer, osteogenic sarcomas and other target neoplasms. Long-term chemoprophylaxis has proved to be more effective than peroperative short courses of chemotherapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: adjuvant therapy ; breast cancer ; cross-cultural issues ; linear analogue self-assessment (LASA) scales ; quality of life ; randomized controlled trials
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background and purpose: The International Breast Cancer Study Group (IBCSG) has developed an approach for assessing the impact of adjuvant therapy on quality of life (QL) within the framework of international, multilingual clinical trials. The major steps are summarized. Conceptual, methodological and practical issues are discussed with reference to results of two trials closed to accrual (IBCSG VI, VII) and one subsequent ongoing trial (IBCSG IX). Patients and methods: QL was assessed in pre- and postmenopausal patients with operable breast cancer. Various single-item linear analogue self-assessment (LASA) scales were used as indicators of components of QL, including global indicators of well-being, functioning and health perception, and specific indicators of symptoms of disease and treatment. In trials VI and VII, QL was assessed at baseline, during adjuvant treatment and follow-up, and at recurrence. Based on this experience, the QL form was revised for subsequent trials and further investigated in a subsample of patients randomized into trial IX. Results: In trials VI and VII, the QL indicators were responsive to the impact of biomedical factors at baseline, various adjuvant treatments, changes over the first 18 months, and recurrence. In trial IX, the revised QL form was well accepted by patients and staff. Completing this form did not exceed five minutes. QL differences between on and off cytotoxic treatment strengthen the claim that these measures are responsive. Correlations and logistic regression analyses show the expected relationship among the various global and specific indicators. Conclusion: Results from two trials closed to accrual and an ongoing trial confirm the feasibility, validity and clinical relevance of the IBCSG approach for studying the impact of adjuvant breast cancer therapy on QL in international clinical trials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 65 (1987), S. 138-143 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Legionellosis ; Pneumonia ; Legionella pneumophila Serogroup 8 ; Immunoblot ; Enzyme immunoassay
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The severe and complicated course of a Legionella pneumonia in an 18-year-old female patient is reported. The serogroup 8 ofLegionella pneumophila was identified as the infecting agent for the first time in West Germany. The etiological diagnosis was confirmed by immunofluorescence, enzyme immunoassay, and immunoblot. We emphasize the importance of serological testing of allLegionella pneumophila serogroups available.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Metastatic breast cancer ; Corynebacterium parvum ; Comparison of different times and routes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary From January 1978 to December 1980, 222 patients with metastatic breast cancer were included into a prospective multicenter trial. All patients were treated once a month with six cycles of VAC- (vincristine, adriamycin, cyclophosphamide) chemotherapy, followed by FMC (5-fluor-ouracil, methotrexate, cyclophosphamide) until progression was documented. By random assignment, the patients received immunostimulation with Corynebacterium parvum (CP) by one of four methods: subcutaneous (SC) on either day 1 or day 14, intravenous (IV) on either day 1 or day 14. The 214 evaluable patients were equally distributed to the four arms. The rates of complete or partial response to VAC/FMC plus CP did not differ significantly between the treatment groups. Of our patients, 22–33% were definite treatment failures. The Kaplan-Meier curves of duration of remission (medians 14 vs. 9 vs. 13 vs. 11 months) did not differ significantly. Only small differences in survival were noted among the four study groups (medians 15.4 vs. 17.5 vs. 17.2 vs. 13.0 months). However, complete and partial responders lived significantly longer (Log rank testP=0.008), when CP was given on day 14 by the SC rather than IV route (29+ vs. 14.3 months). Patients in the four study groups were treated with virtually identical doses of VAC/FMC chemotherapy. Patients receiving CP intravenously on day 14 experienced significantly lower mean leukocyte counts than patients in the other groups. Many patients suffered from high temperature (requiring treatment with antipyretics) and severe gastrointestinal toxicity, particularly when CP was given IV on day 1 together with the chemotherapy. Sixteen patients developed skin ulcers following repeated SC injections of CP. They showed a 4-month longer median survival than patients without these local reactions. Taken together, the results suggest that adding CP in the ways tested to monthly VAC/FMC chemotherapy is of no benefit to patients with metastatic breast cancer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Onkologe 4 (1998), S. 740-746 
    ISSN: 1433-0415
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Die Mehrheit der Patienten mit fort- geschrittenen soliden Tumoren kann heute, trotz großen punktuellen Fortschritten in Diagnostik, Chirurgie, Bestrahlung und medikamentöser Krebsbehandlung, noch nicht geheilt werden. Das Haupthindernis stellt dabei die Metastasierung dar, die wir heute oft weder initial sicher nachweisen, früh erkennen, noch in hohem Masse verhüten oder wieder zur Rückbildung bringen können. Es gibt aber erwähnenswerte Ausnahmen von dieser bedenklichen Tatsache, die bereits heute die Wirksamkeit tertiärer Tumorprävention beweisen. Unter tertiärer Tumorprävention wird das Erzielen eines Überlebensgewinns durch Verhinderung oder Verzögerung der Metastasierung nach Primärbehandlung durch adjuvante d. h. multimodale Therapie, konkret durch zusätzliche Chemotherapie, verstanden. Nahziel ist die Verlängerung des rückfallfreien Überlebens, Fernziel die Heilung. In dieser kurzen Übersicht sollen zuerst die Grundlagen und das Rationale der adjuvanten systemischen Chemotherapie erklärt und dies anschließend an drei Beispielen illustriert werden, nämlich: Mammakarzinom, kolorektale und nichtkleinzellige Bronchus-Karzinome. Nicht behandelt werden endokrine Zusatztherapie, Vitamine, Differenzierungs-Induktoren wie Retinoide u. ä.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 41 (1980), S. 347-357 
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Leukocyte transfusion ; Granulocyte substitution ; Granulocyte and ; monocyte function ; Filtrationsleukapherese ; Leukozytentransfusion ; Granulozy-tensubstitution ; Granulozyten- und Monozytenfunktion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Filtrationsleukapherese (FL) stellt im Rahmen der Granulozytensubstitution zur Behandlung einer schweren passageren Neutropenie eine effiziente Methode zur Gewinnung adäquater Granulozytenmengen dar. Die Wirksamkeit einer Granulozytentransfusion hängt unter anderem wesentlich vom Funktionszustand der transfundierten Neutrophilen ab. Im Rahmen der repetitiven FL wurde in der vorliegenden Arbeit bei acht hämatologisch gesunden Spendern die Funktion der Neutrophilen und Monozyten im Eluat untersucht und mit den entsprechenden Werten der Zellen im Spenderblut verglichen. Dabei fielen vor allem durch die Prämedikation mit Dexamethason hervorgerufene Veränderungen auf. Die corticosteroidbedingte Ausschüttung des Reservespeichers im Knochenmark bewirkte eine Neutrophilie mit Zunahme der Stabkernigen sowie einen deutlichen Abfall der ALP-Aktivität und der Bakterizidie. Der leichte Anstieg des Latex-Phagozytose-Index während der FL wurde als Zellaktivierung, wahrscheinlich hervorgerufen durch eine Komplementaktivierung im Ablauf des Elutionsprozesses, interpretiert. Eine starke Erhöhung des Latex-Phagozytose-Index im Eluat der Leukopak-Filter reflektiert wohl eine metabolische Folge des Neutrophilenkontaktes mit den Nylonfasern der Filter. Der dadurch aktivierte Degranulationsprozess wurde durch den progredienten Verlust der Bakterizidieleistung bei zunehmender Filtrationsdauer dokumentiert. Die Bakterizidie-Indices des 1,5-h- und 3-h-Eluates aus den Filtern waren jedoch im Vergleich zu den Werten im Spenderblut nicht signifikant verschieden. Durch die Methode der repetitiven FL, welche die Kontaktzeit der Neutrophilen zum Filtermaterial auf ein Minimum beschränkt, scheint die technisch bedingte Degranulation der Granulozyten abgeschwächt und damit die funktionelle Alteration der transfundierten Zellen verringert zu werden. Die durch die Prämedikation induzierten Veränderungen des Blutbildes verursachten durch vermehrtes Auftreten funktionell unreifer Neutrophiler einen geringfügigen Funktionsverlust der Spender-Granulozyten.
    Notes: Summary Filtration leukapheresis (FL) is an effective and economic technique to collect large amounts of neutrophils for substitutional treatment of severe, transient neutropenia. An essential factor for effective granulocyte transfusion is functional integrity of the transfused cells. In this study eight hematologically normal donors were subjected to repetitive-cycle-FL to examine functional changes of the collected neutrophils and monocytes compared to the donor's corresponding blood cells. After conditioning with dexamethasone, increased neutrophil counts, increased percentage of band forms, decreased activity of leukocyte alcaline phosphatase, and decreased bactericidal activity were demonstrated. These changes indicate increased release of functional immature neutrophils of the nonproliferating bone marrow granulocyte pool. An increased latex-phagocytosis-index was noted during FL, signaling a cell stimulation, possibly by complement activation during FL. The marked increase of latex-phagocytosis-indices of the eluted neutrophils was possibly induced by the neutrophils direct contact with the nylon fibers of the filter, resulting in mild degranulation, documented by the progressive but slight loss of bactericidal activity during FL. The indices of bactericidal activity were, however, not significantly different as compared to the values in the donor's blood. The repetitve-cycle-FL with minimal duration of contact between blood cells and nylon fibers of the filter, limits the process of degranulation and thereby technically reduces the functional alteration of donor granulocytes. Pretreatment of the donor with dexamethasone resulted only in a minimal change of functional integrity, caused by a transiently increased release of less mature neutrophils to the donor's blood.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 43 (1981), S. 345-353 
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Lymphocytes ; Immunoglobulins ; Spleen ; Splenectomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In 31 splenectomized individuals blood lymphocytes and serum immunoglobulins were examined 1–11 years after splenectomy. The results demonstrate: 1. Increase of the surface immunoglobulin bearing lymphocytes. 2. Reduction of the E-rosette forming lymphocytes, especially in a combined test assay. 3. Reduction of serum IgM. A surface-restoring effect of the RES of the spleen is discussed as a reason for the diminished E-rosette formation in splenectomized individuals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Granulocyte function ; Infection ; Diabetes mellitus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Potentially defective function of neutrophils and monocytes was studied systematically in a large group of diabetic patients (n=97). The test programm involved the determination of (1) local leukocyte mobilization (LLM) into an in vivo system of a plastic skin chamber, (2) phagocytosis activity index (PAI) for inert Latex particles, (3) bactericidal index of neutrophils (BIN) and monocytes (BIM) and (4) iodination test. Nearly all (82/97) patients suffering from diabetes mellitus exhibited greatly decreased LLM regardless of type and stage of diabetes, with a mean value at 8 h of 7×106 per cm2 of skin abrasion surface (normals=16×106/cm2 per 8 h, p〈0.001). PAI was also reduced at 10 min (157 for diabetics, 199±73, p=0.05), but mainly in patients with badly controlled diabetes, especially ketoacidosis. PAI after 5 min incubation correlated inversly with concomitant blood glucose levels. BIN and BIM were essentially identical and not impaired in well controlled diabetics, but greatly reduced in patients with severe hyperglycemia and in ketoacidosis. The attempted correlation of clinical with our functional data was difficult. The nearly universal decrease of LLM in diabetic patients explains their increased suscepitibily to infections only in part. However, patients with combined functional defects (in addition decrease of PAI and/or BIN-BIM) tend to suffer from more frequent and severe infections episodes. At least the impairment of phagocytosis and bactericidal capacity seems to correlate with the degree of diabetes activity, which renders adequate disease control important, in order to prevent infections complications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology 8 (1982), S. 139-150 
    ISSN: 1432-0843
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Modified radical mastectomy is the standard surgical procedure today in most countries. ‘Lesser surgery’ associated with radiotherapy emerges as an alternative for patients with T1N0 lesions. 2. The potential risk of occult micrometastases is best predicted by careful axillary staging and possibly by the ER status of the primary tumor. 3. Additonal risk factors such as tumor size, patient age, menopausal status, and intramammary lymphatic or vascular invasion are less well established and need clarification. 4. Previous studies showed no significant long-term benefit of adjuvant radiotherapy and at best a marginal increase of lifespan by adjuvant castration in patients subjected to radical surgery. 5. Various types of adequately intensive adjuvant chemotherapy resulted in a significant increase of relapse-free survival and probably also overall survival 5–6 years after mastectomy in pre- and possibly also postmenopausal N+ patients. 6. Treatment intensity (full doses) of adjuvant chemotherapy seems to be more critical than treatment duration (CMFx6 is as good as CMFx12). 7. Adjuvant chemotherapy with drug combinations is generally more effective than single drugs. No combination so far (if adequate doses are given) is clearly superior. 8. Whether early peri-operative onset of adjuvant chemotherapy or combinations with endocrine measures or cyclic, alternating drug regimens increase effectiveness remains to be shown. 9. Adjuvant chemotherapy in N- patients, though still experimental, appears rewarding. 10. The pattern of first relapse has not been significantly altered by the use of adjuvant chemotherapy. Response rate and duration with secondary treatments are consistent with common experience in metastatic disease. 11. Up to 5–6 years median observation time there is no proof that the risk of second neoplasms is increased by currently used adjuvant chemotherapy regimens. 12. More and highly critical prospective trials are needed to assess not only effectiveness, but also patient tolerance (cost-benefit ratio) of adjuvant therapies in breast cancer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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