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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ganglioside biosynthesis in rat liver: Different distribution of ganglioside synthases in hepatocytes, kupffer cells, and sinusoidal endothelial cells
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 278 (1990), S. 161-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-9861
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-9861(90)90244-S
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Muramidaseaktivität in Leukocyten und Plasma bei Krankheiten mit verminderter Infektabwehr (1973)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 51 (1973), S. 383-388 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Muramidase ; leukocyte defense ; leukaemia ; diabetes mellitus ; liver disease ; Muramidase ; Leukocyten ; Infektabwehr ; Hämoblastosen ; Diabetes mellitus ; Leberkrankheiten
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Palasma- und Leukocyten-Muramidaseaktivität wurde mittels der „Lysoplate“-Methode bei 82 Patienten, und zwar 52 Patienten mit hämatologischen Neoplasien, 15 mit Diabetes mellitus und 15 mit chronischen Leberaffektionen, bestimmt. Signifikant erhöhte Plasma-Muramidasewerte gegenüber der Norm wiesen Patienten mit chronischer myeloischer Leukämie (CML), lymphoretikulärem Sarkom, Diabetes mellitus und chronischen Leberaffektionen auf. Hohe Werte ergaben auch Proben der beiden Patienten mit akuter monocytärer Leukämie. Die Leukocyten-Muramidaseaktivität war bei den Krankheitsgruppen der chronischen lymphatischen (CLL) und chronischen myeloischen Leukämie (CML) sowie bei den chronischen Leberaffektionen signifikant erniedrigt. Die beiden Patienten mit akuter monocytärer Leukämie zeigten hohe Leukocyten-Muramidasewerte.
    Notes: Summary The muramidase activity in heparinized plasma and leukocyte homogenates was quantitatively assessed by means of the lysoplate assay in 27 healthy controls and 82 patients [hematologic neoplasias (n=52), diabetes mellitus (n=15) and various forms of chronic liver disease (n=15)]. Patients with chronic myelocytic leukaemia, lymphoreticular sarcoma, diabetes mellitus and chronic liver disease showed significantly elevated levels of plasma muramidase. Extremely high values were observed in 2 patients with acute myelomonocytic leukaemia. The leukocyte muramidase activity was markedly increased in myelomonocytic leukaemia and there was a significant decrease in patients suffering from chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and chronic liver disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01468086
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Current status and indications for adjuvant therapy in breast cancer (1982)
    Springer
    Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology 8 (1982), S. 139-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0843
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Modified radical mastectomy is the standard surgical procedure today in most countries. ‘Lesser surgery’ associated with radiotherapy emerges as an alternative for patients with T1N0 lesions. 2. The potential risk of occult micrometastases is best predicted by careful axillary staging and possibly by the ER status of the primary tumor. 3. Additonal risk factors such as tumor size, patient age, menopausal status, and intramammary lymphatic or vascular invasion are less well established and need clarification. 4. Previous studies showed no significant long-term benefit of adjuvant radiotherapy and at best a marginal increase of lifespan by adjuvant castration in patients subjected to radical surgery. 5. Various types of adequately intensive adjuvant chemotherapy resulted in a significant increase of relapse-free survival and probably also overall survival 5–6 years after mastectomy in pre- and possibly also postmenopausal N+ patients. 6. Treatment intensity (full doses) of adjuvant chemotherapy seems to be more critical than treatment duration (CMFx6 is as good as CMFx12). 7. Adjuvant chemotherapy with drug combinations is generally more effective than single drugs. No combination so far (if adequate doses are given) is clearly superior. 8. Whether early peri-operative onset of adjuvant chemotherapy or combinations with endocrine measures or cyclic, alternating drug regimens increase effectiveness remains to be shown. 9. Adjuvant chemotherapy in N- patients, though still experimental, appears rewarding. 10. The pattern of first relapse has not been significantly altered by the use of adjuvant chemotherapy. Response rate and duration with secondary treatments are consistent with common experience in metastatic disease. 11. Up to 5–6 years median observation time there is no proof that the risk of second neoplasms is increased by currently used adjuvant chemotherapy regimens. 12. More and highly critical prospective trials are needed to assess not only effectiveness, but also patient tolerance (cost-benefit ratio) of adjuvant therapies in breast cancer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00255474
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Erworbene Funktionsstörungen von Granulozyten und Monozyten als Ursache verminderter Infektabwehr bei Diabetes mellitus (1982)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 44 (1982), S. 29-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Granulocyte function ; Infection ; Diabetes mellitus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Potentially defective function of neutrophils and monocytes was studied systematically in a large group of diabetic patients (n=97). The test programm involved the determination of (1) local leukocyte mobilization (LLM) into an in vivo system of a plastic skin chamber, (2) phagocytosis activity index (PAI) for inert Latex particles, (3) bactericidal index of neutrophils (BIN) and monocytes (BIM) and (4) iodination test. Nearly all (82/97) patients suffering from diabetes mellitus exhibited greatly decreased LLM regardless of type and stage of diabetes, with a mean value at 8 h of 7×106 per cm2 of skin abrasion surface (normals=16×106/cm2 per 8 h, p〈0.001). PAI was also reduced at 10 min (157 for diabetics, 199±73, p=0.05), but mainly in patients with badly controlled diabetes, especially ketoacidosis. PAI after 5 min incubation correlated inversly with concomitant blood glucose levels. BIN and BIM were essentially identical and not impaired in well controlled diabetics, but greatly reduced in patients with severe hyperglycemia and in ketoacidosis. The attempted correlation of clinical with our functional data was difficult. The nearly universal decrease of LLM in diabetic patients explains their increased suscepitibily to infections only in part. However, patients with combined functional defects (in addition decrease of PAI and/or BIN-BIM) tend to suffer from more frequent and severe infections episodes. At least the impairment of phagocytosis and bactericidal capacity seems to correlate with the degree of diabetes activity, which renders adequate disease control important, in order to prevent infections complications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00320684
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Funktionelle Veränderungen der Neutrophilen und Monozyten durch Konditionierung und Filtrations-Leukapherese? (1980)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 41 (1980), S. 347-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Leukocyte transfusion ; Granulocyte substitution ; Granulocyte and ; monocyte function ; Filtrationsleukapherese ; Leukozytentransfusion ; Granulozy-tensubstitution ; Granulozyten- und Monozytenfunktion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Filtrationsleukapherese (FL) stellt im Rahmen der Granulozytensubstitution zur Behandlung einer schweren passageren Neutropenie eine effiziente Methode zur Gewinnung adäquater Granulozytenmengen dar. Die Wirksamkeit einer Granulozytentransfusion hängt unter anderem wesentlich vom Funktionszustand der transfundierten Neutrophilen ab. Im Rahmen der repetitiven FL wurde in der vorliegenden Arbeit bei acht hämatologisch gesunden Spendern die Funktion der Neutrophilen und Monozyten im Eluat untersucht und mit den entsprechenden Werten der Zellen im Spenderblut verglichen. Dabei fielen vor allem durch die Prämedikation mit Dexamethason hervorgerufene Veränderungen auf. Die corticosteroidbedingte Ausschüttung des Reservespeichers im Knochenmark bewirkte eine Neutrophilie mit Zunahme der Stabkernigen sowie einen deutlichen Abfall der ALP-Aktivität und der Bakterizidie. Der leichte Anstieg des Latex-Phagozytose-Index während der FL wurde als Zellaktivierung, wahrscheinlich hervorgerufen durch eine Komplementaktivierung im Ablauf des Elutionsprozesses, interpretiert. Eine starke Erhöhung des Latex-Phagozytose-Index im Eluat der Leukopak-Filter reflektiert wohl eine metabolische Folge des Neutrophilenkontaktes mit den Nylonfasern der Filter. Der dadurch aktivierte Degranulationsprozess wurde durch den progredienten Verlust der Bakterizidieleistung bei zunehmender Filtrationsdauer dokumentiert. Die Bakterizidie-Indices des 1,5-h- und 3-h-Eluates aus den Filtern waren jedoch im Vergleich zu den Werten im Spenderblut nicht signifikant verschieden. Durch die Methode der repetitiven FL, welche die Kontaktzeit der Neutrophilen zum Filtermaterial auf ein Minimum beschränkt, scheint die technisch bedingte Degranulation der Granulozyten abgeschwächt und damit die funktionelle Alteration der transfundierten Zellen verringert zu werden. Die durch die Prämedikation induzierten Veränderungen des Blutbildes verursachten durch vermehrtes Auftreten funktionell unreifer Neutrophiler einen geringfügigen Funktionsverlust der Spender-Granulozyten.
    Notes: Summary Filtration leukapheresis (FL) is an effective and economic technique to collect large amounts of neutrophils for substitutional treatment of severe, transient neutropenia. An essential factor for effective granulocyte transfusion is functional integrity of the transfused cells. In this study eight hematologically normal donors were subjected to repetitive-cycle-FL to examine functional changes of the collected neutrophils and monocytes compared to the donor's corresponding blood cells. After conditioning with dexamethasone, increased neutrophil counts, increased percentage of band forms, decreased activity of leukocyte alcaline phosphatase, and decreased bactericidal activity were demonstrated. These changes indicate increased release of functional immature neutrophils of the nonproliferating bone marrow granulocyte pool. An increased latex-phagocytosis-index was noted during FL, signaling a cell stimulation, possibly by complement activation during FL. The marked increase of latex-phagocytosis-indices of the eluted neutrophils was possibly induced by the neutrophils direct contact with the nylon fibers of the filter, resulting in mild degranulation, documented by the progressive but slight loss of bactericidal activity during FL. The indices of bactericidal activity were, however, not significantly different as compared to the values in the donor's blood. The repetitve-cycle-FL with minimal duration of contact between blood cells and nylon fibers of the filter, limits the process of degranulation and thereby technically reduces the functional alteration of donor granulocytes. Pretreatment of the donor with dexamethasone resulted only in a minimal change of functional integrity, caused by a transiently increased release of less mature neutrophils to the donor's blood.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01035490
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunological changes following posttraumatic splenectomy (1981)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 43 (1981), S. 345-353 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Lymphocytes ; Immunoglobulins ; Spleen ; Splenectomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In 31 splenectomized individuals blood lymphocytes and serum immunoglobulins were examined 1–11 years after splenectomy. The results demonstrate: 1. Increase of the surface immunoglobulin bearing lymphocytes. 2. Reduction of the E-rosette forming lymphocytes, especially in a combined test assay. 3. Reduction of serum IgM. A surface-restoring effect of the RES of the spleen is discussed as a reason for the diminished E-rosette formation in splenectomized individuals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00320312
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Menstrual cycle and timing of breast surgery in premenopausal node-positive breast cancer: Results of the International Breast Cancer Study Group (IBCSG) Trial VI (1997)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 8 (1997), S. 751-756 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: adjuvant chemotherapy ; breast cancer ; menstrual cycle ; premenopausal ; surgery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Purpose: It has been postulated that breast cancer surgery performedduring the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle is associated with pooreroutcome. Patients and methods: We tested this hypothesis by evaluatingdisease-free survival (DFS) for 1033 premenopausal patients who receiveddefinitive surgery either during the follicular phase (n = 358) or theluteal phase (n = 675). All patients were enrolled in a randomized trialconducted between July 1986 and April 1993. All had node positive breastcancer and randomization was stratified by estrogen receptor (ER) status.All patients received at least three cycles of adjuvant cyclophosphamide,methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil (CMF). The median follow-up was 60 months. Results: Patients who underwent definitive surgery for breast cancer inthe follicular phase had a slightly worse disease-free survival than thoseoperated on during the luteal phase (five-year DFS percentage: 53%versus 58%; hazard ratio, 1.13; 95% confidence interval (CI),0.94–1.38; P = 0.20). The effect was significantly greater for thesubpopulation of 300 patients with ER-negative primaries (P = 0.02interaction effect; five-year DFS percentages 42% vs. 59%;hazard ratio 1.60; 95% CI, 1.12–2.25; P = 0.008). The effect oftiming of surgery diminished for analyses based on lesser surgicalprocedures, e.g., excisional biopsies. In particular, no effect of timingwas observed for fine needle aspiration procedures. Conclusions: Surgical procedures which are more extensive than a fineneedle aspiration biopsy might be associated with worse prognosis if conductedduring the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. This phenomenon was seenpredominantly for high risk breast cancer with low levels or no estrogenreceptors in the primary tumor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008220301866
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quality of life assessment in patients receiving adjuvant therapy for breast cancer: The IBCSG approach (1997)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 8 (1997), S. 825-835 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: adjuvant therapy ; breast cancer ; cross-cultural issues ; linear analogue self-assessment (LASA) scales ; quality of life ; randomized controlled trials
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background and purpose: The International Breast Cancer Study Group (IBCSG) has developed an approach for assessing the impact of adjuvant therapy on quality of life (QL) within the framework of international, multilingual clinical trials. The major steps are summarized. Conceptual, methodological and practical issues are discussed with reference to results of two trials closed to accrual (IBCSG VI, VII) and one subsequent ongoing trial (IBCSG IX). Patients and methods: QL was assessed in pre- and postmenopausal patients with operable breast cancer. Various single-item linear analogue self-assessment (LASA) scales were used as indicators of components of QL, including global indicators of well-being, functioning and health perception, and specific indicators of symptoms of disease and treatment. In trials VI and VII, QL was assessed at baseline, during adjuvant treatment and follow-up, and at recurrence. Based on this experience, the QL form was revised for subsequent trials and further investigated in a subsample of patients randomized into trial IX. Results: In trials VI and VII, the QL indicators were responsive to the impact of biomedical factors at baseline, various adjuvant treatments, changes over the first 18 months, and recurrence. In trial IX, the revised QL form was well accepted by patients and staff. Completing this form did not exceed five minutes. QL differences between on and off cytotoxic treatment strengthen the claim that these measures are responsive. Correlations and logistic regression analyses show the expected relationship among the various global and specific indicators. Conclusion: Results from two trials closed to accrual and an ongoing trial confirm the feasibility, validity and clinical relevance of the IBCSG approach for studying the impact of adjuvant breast cancer therapy on QL in international clinical trials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008269715091
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modell einer onkologischen Kooperation (1979)
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 348 (1979), S. 7-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Oncology ; Cancer surgery ; Interdisciplinary oncologic centers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01240046
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A randomized study of combination chemotherapy (VAC-FMC) with or without immunostimulation by corynebacterium parvum in metastatic breast cancer (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 60 (1982), S. 593-598 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Corynebacterium parvum ; Chemotherapy ; Metastatic breast cancer ; Corynebacterium parvum ; Chemotherapie ; metastasierendes Mammakarzinom
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Seit September 1975 haben wir 156 Patientinnen mit metastasierenden Mammakarzinomen in eine prospektive multizentrische Studie aufgenommen. Alle Patientinnen erhielten 6 Zyklen Vincristin, Adriamycin und Cyclophosphamid (VAC) und anschließend weiterhin monatlich einmal 5-Fluorouracil, Methotrexat und Cyclophosphamid (FMC), bis eine Tumorprogression dokumentiert wurde. Auf Grund randomisierter Zuweisung erhielt etwa die Hälfte der Patientinnen zusätzlich subkutan Injektionen von Corynebacterium parvum jeweils am Tag 1 eines Chemotherapiezyklus (VAC/FMC). Bei den 150 auswertbaren Patientinnen fanden sich 33 von 76 (45%) bzw. 36 von 74 (49%) komplette oder partielle Remissionen unter Chemotherapie ohne bzw. mit Zusatz von Corynebacterium parvum. Die Kaplan-Maier-Kurven für die Dauer der Remissionen und des Überlebens waren bei beiden Kollektiven fast identisch (mediane Remissionsdauer 14,5 bzw. 12,1 Monate und mediane Überlebenszeit 22,2 bzw. 21,1 Monate). Die hämatologischen und gastrointestinalen Nebenwirkungen waren bei beiden Gruppen ebenfalls ähnlich. Auffällig war jedoch, daß 19 von 74 (26%) Patientinnen als Folge der wiederholten subkutanen Injektionen von Corynebacterium parvum Hautulcera entwickelten. Diese Patientinnen zeigten die längste Überlebenszeit (p=0.002, log rank test). Diese Ergebnisse lassen vermuten, daß eine unspezifische Immunstimulation mit Corynebacterium parvum am Tag 1 der heute üblichen Polychemotherapie den meisten Patientinnen mit metastasierenden Mammakarzinomen nichts nützt, sondern eine „immunreaktive“ Untergruppe mit gesteigerter lokaler Toxizität und Überlebenszeit selektioniert.
    Notes: Summary A total of 156 patients with metastatic breast cancer were entered into a prospective multicenter trial in September 1975. All patients were treated monthly with vincristine, adriamycin and cyclophosphamide (VAC) six times, followed by 5-fluorouracil, methotrexate and cyclophosphamide (FMC) until progression was documented. By random assignment, the patients received 5 mg/m2 Corynebacterium parvum (CP) subcutaneously on day 1, in addition to VAC/FMC. Of the 150 evaluable patients, 33 of 76 (45%) and 36 of 74 (49%) had complete or partial response to VAC/FMC plus CP, respectively. The Kaplan-Maier curves of duration of remission and survival were almost identical (medians 14.5 vs 12.1 months and 22.2 vs 21.1 months, respectively). The hematologic and gastrointestinal toxicity were also similar in the two study groups. However, 19 of 74 (26%) patients developed skin ulcers after repeated injections of CP. These patients showed prolonged survival (P=0.002, log rank test). These results suggest that adding nonspecific immunostimulation with CP to currently available chemotherapy on day 1 is of no benefit to most patients with metastatic breast cancer, but may select an ‘immunoreactive’ subgroup with increased local toxicity and survival.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01711434
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