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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 4915-4922 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The influence of plasma shielding on the coupling of laser energy to a target surface during picosecond pulsed laser–material interactions is demonstrated using a He and Ar gas atmosphere. An inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES) is used to monitor the quantity of copper material removed during picosecond and nanosecond pulsed-laser sampling. The intensity of Cu i emission from the ICP-AES was found to be 16.4 times larger with He as the gas medium compared to Ar during picosecond laser sampling. It was also observed that depth of craters in the copper targets decreased as the gas pressure was increased beyond 10 Torr in Ar and 100 Torr in He. Possible mechanisms of shock waves, multiphoton ionization, and plasma shielding to explain these observations are discussed. For plasma shielding to occur in the picosecond time regime, the existence of high-energy photoelectrons emitted from a Cu sample during the leading edge of laser pulse is postulated. These electrons form a plasma in the gas above the target via an inverse bremsstrahlung process and the plasma absorbs part of laser energy. The electron density versus pressure was calculated from a simple model and found to have similar behavior as the crater-depth data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 64 (1993), S. 363-373 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A finite difference model was constructed to describe the origin of the complex transients in pulsed photoacoustic spectroscopy signals. With inclusion of boundary conditions and material interfaces, the model is shown to give qualitative agreement with experimental transients. The model provides insight into the results of varying the photoacoustic-cell materials and/or geometric configuration for cell optimization. The transients are found to contain significant information regarding resonant modes in the photoacoustic cell assembly. The transient signal behavior is explained in terms of these resonant cavity modes, and it is determined which cell cavities are relevant to a given time segment of the signal. Analytical detection limits are correlated with each point on the transient signal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 99 (1993), S. 6607-6612 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We report a direct Monte Carlo simulation of an energy-dependent unimolecular reaction system of the type A→B in which the rates of the reactions of specific states Ai of A increase with their internal energies. Intermolecular exchange of translational and internal energies among colliding species Ai+Aj→Ak+Al is incorporated with use of a simple flexible statistical model satisfying all requirements of momentum and energy conservation, microscopic reversibility, and equilibrium. The required calculations are straight forward and rapid. The observed variation of overall reaction rate with pressure deviates from that of a simple Lindemann–Christiansen mechanism. For unrestricted energy exchange allowing transitions between all levels of A the deviations are small. For restricted (ladder) energy exchange limited to transitions up or down one level per collision the deviations are larger and the behavior is similar to that observed in a number of experimental studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1469-8986
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: The present study was undertaken to determine whether aversiveness contributes to startle potentiation in anticipation of affective pictures above and beyond the effects of emotional arousal. Further, participants high in trait anxious apprehension, which is characterized by worry about the future, were expected to show especially pronounced anticipatory startle responses. Startle blink reflex was measured during warning stimuli that predicted the valence of ensuing aversive/unpleasant, pleasant, or neutral pictures. Startle magnitude was larger in anticipation of aversive than of pleasant pictures and smallest in anticipation of neutral pictures. Enhanced startle potentiation was not found in anxious apprehension subjects. These data suggest that the aversive nature of stimuli contribute to the potentiation of startle above and beyond the effects of emotional arousal, which may be a universal phenomenon not modulated by individual differences.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    350 Main Street , Malden , MA 02148 , USA , and 9600 Garsington Road , Oxford OX4 2DQ , UK . : Blackwell Publishing, Inc.
    Psychology of women quarterly 28 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-6402
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: In this study we examined the relationships among partner abuse, work quality, and women's sense of self. In particular, we explored the potential for women's work to serve as an alternative source of feedback for the self in the context of partner abuse. The sample consisted of 100 working women who reported experiencing a range of partner abuse. Relationships among partner abuse, work quality, and three self constructs were tested using multivariate multiple regression. Work quality was significantly and positively associated with self at work and general self-esteem and approached significance for self at home. There were no significant associations between partner abuse and self at work. Partner abuse was negatively and significantly associated with self at home and approached significance for self-esteem. These varied results support the importance of assessing multiple aspects of the self and the potential of women's work to be a resource in the context of partner abuse.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 50 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 102 (1995), S. 2812-2815 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We report direct Monte Carlo simulations of a chemical reaction system with bimolecular and termolecular dissociation and recombination reactions of the type M+AB(large-closed-square)M+A+B. The simulations are carried out at the molecular level using a simple flexible reaction model for termolecular reactions satisfying all the requirements of momentum and energy conservation, microscopic reversibility, and equilibrium. Energy transfer among reactants and products is included. The method is especially useful for treating reaction systems with nonequilibrium distributions and coupled gas dynamic-reaction effects. For systems with thermally equilibrated reactants the observed behavior is identical to that predicted by conventional methods. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of obstetric, gynecologic and neonatal nursing 26 (1997), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1552-6909
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Advanced practice nursing has evolved during the last 25 years in important ways to become a central component of the new health care system. The quality of care and cost effectiveness of practice for various advanced practice roles has been well documented. New roles are being created as the demand-driven health care system presents opportunities for innovative practice models. It is incumbent on nursing to prove its ability to assume full accountability and responsibility so that full freedom to practice may be achieved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 19 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We documented the progression and timing of the annual molt of harbor seals on Tugidak Island, Alaska, from 1997 to 1999. In all years the timing of molting differed among age-sex classes. Yearlings molted first, subadults second, adult females third, and lastly adult males. Timing of molting was nearly identical in 1997–1998, whereas in 1999 molting occurred three to six days later for all age-sex classes except yearlings. Estimated dates when peak proportions of each age-sex class were molting ranged from 2 August (yearlings) to 2 September (adult males). The number of seals hauled out was positively related to the proportion of seals in the molt and negatively related to the proportion of seals in the postmolt. Population trend estimates, based on aerial counts conducted during a narrow window within the molting period, are likely biased toward certain age-sex classes. Statistical models used to estimate trend include covariates to help account for within-year variation in seal numbers, but do not account for compositional changes that occur during molting. Population modeling may elucidate the effects of within-year population structure on trend estimates. Monitoring molting phenology at additional sites is necessary to determine the extent of geographic variation in molting.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Microbiology 47 (1993), S. 715-736 
    ISSN: 0066-4227
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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