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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 421 (1983), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 421 (1983), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-2277
    Keywords: Rejection, kidney, cytokines ; Kidney, rejection, cytokines ; Cytokines, rejection, kidney
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Recently, close interactions have been described between the tumour necrosis factors alpha and beta (TNF-alpha and beta), interferon-gamma (INF-gamma) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in T-cell mediated immune activation. During the process of renal graft rejection, the properties of these cytokines to act as powerful stimulators of macrophages, to upregulate class II MHC expression and to stabilise cell-to-cell binding make them of great potential interest. The aim of the present study was to determine the plasma levels of each cytokine and soluble ICAM-1 in 16 renal allograft recipients. We examined plasmas of patients for the first 2 weeks after transplantation and correlated results with the clinical pattern of rejection. Our data suggest an immunopathologic involvement of TNF-alpha, TNF-beta and slCAM-1 in renal allograft rejection and showed that there was a significant elevation in plasma concentrations of these parameters 2 or 3 days prior to the diagnosis of clinical rejection. Rises in INF-gamma did not appear to be significant with regard to rejection as very high levels were found in patients showing no evidence of clinical rejection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-2277
    Keywords: Renal transplantation, post-transplantation non-HLA antibodies ; Non-HLA antibodies, renal transplantation ; Rejection, renal transplantation, non-HLA antibodies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study was undertaken to examine the clinical relevance of antibodies detected in the sera of patients following renal transplantation. The sera from 23 transplant recipients with acute rejection and 10 transplant recipients with diagnosed chronic rejection were tested against various epithelial, monocyte and endothelial cell lines (A549, HTB44, primary renal epithelial, U937 and Ea-hy 926). The test used for detecting binding antibodies was a simple, indirect immunofluorescence flow cytometric technique. The level of IgG antibodies directed against the test cell lines was examined in the sera of patients with mild or severe rejection and compared to those of patients showing no signs of rejection. Patients with chronic rejection were found to have increased levels of antibodies (IgG and IgM) when compared to patients with either end-stage renal failure or patients with stable post-transplant renal function. Antibodies detected by the present technique were directed against antigens found on all cell lines tested, and immunoblotting indicated that they were directed against non-HLA antigens. In conclusion, monitoring for the presence of such antibodies may provide a valuable prognostic indicator of graft rejection in renal transplant patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-2277
    Keywords: Kidney transplantation, rejection, ATG ; ATG, rejection, kidney transplantation ; T lymphocyte count, ATG, kidney rejection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In renal transplantation, treatment of steroid-resistant rejection (SRR) with antithymocyte globulin (ATG) has been widely reported but over-immunosuppression remains a common problem. In the first ten patients (group 1) treated for SRR with rabbit ATG, three developed serious viral infections and two deaths occurred due to CMV pneumonitis. ATG was only omitted if thrombocytopenia or neutropenia occurred. In the next 17 patients (group 2) with SRR, ATG was administered according to the absolute T lymphocyte count. T lymphocytes were measured by flow cytometric analysis of CD3-labelled lymphocytes. ATG dosage was adjusted on a daily basis to keep the absolute T lymphocyte count under 50 cells/μl. Administration of ATG according to the absolute T lymphocyte count resulted in a significant reduction in the mean dose of ATG given to the group 2 patients (P〈0.001). A significant decrease in the incidence of serious viral infections (P=0.04) was achieved without reducing the ability of ATG to reverse the SRR (P=0.29) or increasing the number of grafts lost at 1 year in the group 2 patients (P=0.23).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Multiple sclerosis ; Genetic background ; Familial studies ; MEM-LAD(linoleic acid depression)test ; Lymphocyte sensitization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei der Multiplen Sklerose (MS) ergaben Untersuchungen mit dem Makrophagen-Elektrophorese-Mobilitäts-(MEM-)LAD-Test an 132 Familienmitgliedern (kombiniert aus England und dem Rostocker Bereich der DDR) ein gleichartiges Muster der Verteilung eines „anomalen“ LAD(linoleic acid depression)- Wertes (Typ der 77%-Reaktion) bei Angehörigen, wie in der vorangegangenen britischen Studie. Die Anomalie erwies sich als vorwiegend an das weibliche Geschlecht gebunden: alle Mütter der MS-Patienten waren betroffen, jedoch auch eine große Anzahl der Töchter und Schwestern boten derartige Werte. Außerdem konnte bei Kindern einiger Patienten ein MS-Typ der Reaktion (über 90% Reduktion) ermittelt werden. Im ganzen muß ein deutlicher genetischer Faktor für die Entstehung der MS angenommen werden — möglicherweise basierend auf der von Thompson erörterten angeborenen Störung im Bereich der ungesättigten Fettsäuren. Insgesamt war zwischen dem vorliegenden kombinierten Untersuchungsmaterial kein weiterer Unterschied der Erblichkeit feststellbar. Es bestanden fernerhin Anzeichen für eine nicht allein durch die metabolische Abweichung bedingte unvermeidliche Entwicklung einer MS sowie dafür, daß die Anomalie bereits im frühen Lebensalter voll ausgeprägt sein kann. In einer Übersicht wurden die Ergebnisse angeführt, des weiteren erfolgte die Darlegung einiger charakteristischer Stammbäume, welche die Form der Verteilung der Anomalie vom 77%-Typ (mit gelegentlichem Überspringen einer Generation) in den Familien mit einer MS zeigt.
    Notes: Summary A combined familial study of multiple sclerosis (MS) in England and in the Rostock area of the GDR using the macrophage electrophoretic mobility (MEM)-LAD test embracing 132 relatives has revealed a closely similar pattern of distribution of “anomalous” LAD (LInoleic Acid Depression) values in relatives (77% type of reaction) to that originally reported in the British study. The anomaly is predominantly associated with females—all mothers of MS patients being affected, whilst daughters and sisters are also represented. In addition unusual full MS type of reaction (90% reduction) has been found in some children related to patients. There is clearly a genetic element in the development of MS probably manifested in the inborn mishandling of unsaturated fatty acids suggested by Thompson; no recognizable pattern of inheritance is noticeable even within the combined material. There is evidence that the metabolic anomaly alone does not inevitably lead to MS, and the full abnormality may be present at an early age. A survey about the examinations and a selection of characteristic family trees of MS are given, illustrating the manner in which the 77% type anomaly is distributed with occasional omission of a generation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 52 (1974), S. 248-250 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Unsaturated fatty acids ; lymphocyte response ; Ungesättigte Fettsäuren ; lymphocytäre Immunantwort
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der inhibitorische Effekt der Öl-, Linolen-und der Arachidonsäure auf die lymphocytäre Immunantwort wurde mit Hilfe des Macrophage Electrophoretic Mobility (MEM)- und des Lymphocytentransformationstests untersucht. Unsere Ergebnisse lassen vermuten, daß ungesättigten Fettsäuren im Serum möglicherweise eine immunregulatorische Funktion zukommt. Aus dieser Annahme evtl. resultierende Folgerungen für die klinische Immunologie werden angedeutet.
    Notes: Summary The inhibitory effect of oleic, linoleic, and arachidonic acid on the lymphocyte response to PPD was studied with the macrophage electrophoretic mobility (MEM) and lymphocyte transformation tests in normal subjects. Inhibition of lymphocyte stimulation by PHA was also determined in the latter test. Our observations suggest an immunoregulatory function of unsaturated fatty acids in the serum. The results and some implications of our assumption for clinical immunology are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-2277
    Keywords: Renal transplantation, post-transplant antibodies ; Antibodies, after renal transplantation ; Donor-direct antibodies ; Flow cytometry, renal transplantation, antibodies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Over the past few years there has been increasing awareness of the importance of humoral mechanisms in the rejection of renal transplants. In this study we have monitored the development of antibodies directed against donor T and B lymphocytes using the sensitive flow cytometric technique. Forty-two cadaveric renal transplants were studied both before and for a maximum of 14 days after transplantation. Donor cells were separated from spleen on the day of transplantation and stored in liquid nitrogen until required. The dual colour flow cytometric assay was used to detect IgG or IgM directed againts donor T or B lymphocytes. Using AB sera as controls, results were expressed as relative median fluorescence (RMF) and then correlated with the clinical performance of the grafts. Significant associations were found between the incidence of donor-directed antibodies and the development of clinical rejection. The magnitude of the rise in antibody levels was also related to graft performance. In patients showing severe graft rejection, high levels of antibodies of the IgG class developed before the clinical diagnosis of rejection was made. The routine use of this test allows the prediction of impending severe rejection to be made and may have important implications for immunosuppressive therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 244 (1973), S. 174-176 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Recently it has been found that brain or spleen from a scrapie mouse when injected into a guinea-pig results in a sensitization of the animal's lymphocytes which shows itself as a greater reaction to scrapie mouse brain presented as antigen than to normal mouse brain. This scrapie?normal difference ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 244 (1973), S. 96-97 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Table 1 Macrophage Electrophoresis Migration* Normal Scrapie OND ? Clinical details Normal Scrapie OND? Clinical details Newcastle (Longbenton) ? Veterinary Investigation Centre (January 8 Normal brain 14.1 Born April 15, 1971; 22 11, 1973) Scrapie brain 23.2 months ; ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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