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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of the thermostable alkaline-tolerant xylanase from Bacillus stearothermophilus T-6 (1997)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 53 (1997), S. 608-611 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-0047
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The extracellular thermostable xylanase (XT-6) produced by the thermophilic bacterium Bacillus stearothermophilus T-6 was shown to bleach pulp optimally at pH 9 and 338 K, and was successfully used in a large-scale biobleaching mill trial. The xylanase gene was cloned and sequenced. The mature enzyme consists of 379 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 43 808 and pI of 9.0. Crystallographic studies of XT-6 were initiated to study the mechanism of catalysis as well as to provide a structural basis for rational introduction of enhanced thermostability by site-specific mutagenesis. This report describes the crystallization and preliminary crystallographic characterization of the native XT-6 enzyme. The most suitable crystals were obtained by the vapor-diffusion method using ammonium sulfate and 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol as an organic additive. The crystals belong to a primitive trigonal crystal system (space group P31 or P32) with room-temperature cell dimensions of a = b = 114.9 and c = 122.6 Å. At 103 K the volume of the unit cell decreased significantly with observed dimensions of a = b = 112.2 and c = 122.9 Å. These crystals are mechanically strong and diffract X-rays to better than 2.2 Å resolution. The crystals exhibit considerable radiation damage at room temperature even at relatively short exposures to X-rays. A full 2.3 Å resolution diffraction data set (99.8% completeness) has recently been collected on flash-frozen crystals at 103 K using synchrotron radiation. Two derivatives of XT-6 were recently prepared. In the first derivative, a unique Cys residue replaced Glu265, the putative nucleophile in the active site. The second derivative was selenomethionyl xylanase which was produced biosynthetically. These derivatives have been crystallized and the resulting crystals were shown to be isomorphous to the native crystals and diffract X-rays to comparable resolutions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0907444997002734
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of the β-lactamase gene and orientation of the kanamycin-resistance gene in plasmid pCED3 on the growth of Bacillus subtilis
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Fermentation and Bioengineering 72 (1991), S. 244-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 0922-338X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0922-338X(91)90156-B
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Matrix polynomial representation of the anisotropic magnetotelluric impedance tensor
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 11 (1975), S. 128-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 0031-9201
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0031-9201(75)90006-0
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Partial decolorization of Kraft pulp at high temperature and at high pH values with an extracellular xylanase from Bacillus stearothermophilus
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Biotechnology 30 (1993), S. 123-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 0168-1656
    Keywords: Bacillus stearothermophilus ; Biobleaching ; Kraft pulp ; Xylanase
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-1656(93)90033-J
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nonmonotonic reasoning and causation
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Cognitive Science 14 (1990), S. 213-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 0364-0213
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Psychology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0364-0213(90)90003-F
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Remarks on Simon's comments
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Cognitive Science 15 (1991), S. 301-303 
    Details
    ISSN: 0364-0213
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Psychology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0364-0213(91)80010-3
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seamont magnetism in the Ionian Sea, eastern Mediterranean (1983)
    Springer
    Marine geophysical researches 5 (1983), S. 389-404 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0581
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Several seamounts in the Ionian Sea, the largest unit in the eastern Mediterranean, have magnetic anomalies. The magnetization vectors of six of these seamounts have been calculated. These paleomagnetic data suggest that the Ionian Sea is composed of several crustal units which came to their present location from different directions. This implies that there has been relative motion in the past between various land masses around the Ionian Sea. The possibility that the Ionian Sea is composed of several crustal units is supported by observations of the magnetic field over the area which is of different character in the north and south. The major limitation in applying the paleomagnetic data into an evolutionary scheme is that all the seamounts in the Ionian Sea as well as its crust are undated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00305390
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Large-scale purification of xylanase T-6 (1995)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 44 (1995), S. 88-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract  Bacillus stearothermophilus T-6 produces an extracellular thermostable xylanase that can bleach paper pulp optimally at 60°C and pH 9.0. We developed an efficient method for purifying the enzyme from the cell broth by using successive steps of batch adsorption on the cellulosic cation exchanger SE-52. The optimal pH values for adsorption and elution are 5.5 and 9 respectively. The conductivity of the cell broth should remain below 7 mS/cm2 and the suitable temperature range for adsorption is 15–60°C. The adsorption parameters are: maximum capacity, 118 mg enzyme/g adsorbent; dissociation constant, 0.6 mg/ml; partition coefficient 0.988. On the basis of these results, a large-scale (12 000 l) purification process was carried out resulting in a 55% final yield and over 95% pure enzyme.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530050524
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Large-scale purification of xylanase T-6 (1995)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 44 (1995), S. 88-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Bacillus stearothermophilus T-6 produces an extracellular thermostable xylanase that can bleach paper pulp optimally at 60°C and pH 9.0. We developed an efficient method for purifying the enzyme from the cell broth by using successive steps of batch adsorption on the cellulosic cation exchanger SE-52. The optimal pH values for adsorption and elution are 5.5 and 9 respectively. The conductivity of the cell broth should remain below 7 mS/cm2 and the suitable temperature range for adsorption is 15–60°C. The adsorption parameters are: maximum capacity, 118 mg enzyme/g adsorbent; dissociation constant, 0.6 mg/ml; partition coefficient 0.988. On the basis of these results, a large-scale (12 000 l) purification process was carried out resulting in a 55% final yield and over 95% pure enzyme.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00164485
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition of growth of Bacillus subtilis by recombinant plasmid pCED3 (1991)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 156 (1991), S. 204-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Plasmid stability ; Bacillus subtilis ; Growth inhibition ; β-Galactosidase ; Kanamycin resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The present study deals with the mechanism by which plasmid pCED3 interferes with the growth of Bacillus subtilis. Plasmid pCED3 was constructed from pUB110 and pBR322 and contains the lacZ gene attached to the B. subtilis tms promoter. Plasmid derivatives that contain mutations in the tms promoter were used to examine the effect of promoter strength on cell growth, plasmid stability, the amount of plasmid DNA per cell and the activities of plasmid-encoded enzymes, i. e., β-galactosidase and kanamycin nucleotidyltransferase (KNT). Efficient lacZ transcription directed from the tms promoter resulted in reduction in growth rate and plasmid stability without an increase in β-galactosidase activity. The amount of plasmid DNA varied between 6.6 and 12.9 pmol per mg cell protein and showed no clear correlation with the strength of the tms promoter. Transcription from the tms promoter inhibited the expression of the plasmid-encoded kanamycin resistance gene resulting in the reduction of both β-galactosidase activity and growth rate in the presence of kanamycin. These results suggest that the negative effect on B. subtilis growth exerted by pCED3 results at least partly from a decrease in kanamycin resistance by plasmid-bearing cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00249116
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