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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 5 (1957), S. 60-64 
    ISSN: 1520-5118
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 156 (1991), S. 204-212 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Plasmid stability ; Bacillus subtilis ; Growth inhibition ; β-Galactosidase ; Kanamycin resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The present study deals with the mechanism by which plasmid pCED3 interferes with the growth of Bacillus subtilis. Plasmid pCED3 was constructed from pUB110 and pBR322 and contains the lacZ gene attached to the B. subtilis tms promoter. Plasmid derivatives that contain mutations in the tms promoter were used to examine the effect of promoter strength on cell growth, plasmid stability, the amount of plasmid DNA per cell and the activities of plasmid-encoded enzymes, i. e., β-galactosidase and kanamycin nucleotidyltransferase (KNT). Efficient lacZ transcription directed from the tms promoter resulted in reduction in growth rate and plasmid stability without an increase in β-galactosidase activity. The amount of plasmid DNA varied between 6.6 and 12.9 pmol per mg cell protein and showed no clear correlation with the strength of the tms promoter. Transcription from the tms promoter inhibited the expression of the plasmid-encoded kanamycin resistance gene resulting in the reduction of both β-galactosidase activity and growth rate in the presence of kanamycin. These results suggest that the negative effect on B. subtilis growth exerted by pCED3 results at least partly from a decrease in kanamycin resistance by plasmid-bearing cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 162 (1994), S. 114-119 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Pigments ; Monascus pigments ; Leucine ; Amino acids ; Secondary metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The formation of soluble Monascus red pigments is strongly positively and negatively regulated by different amino acids. Leucine, valine, lysine, and methionine had strong negative effects on pigment formation. Leucine supported poor pigment formation when used as sole nitrogen source in fermentations, yet it neither repressed pigment synthase(s) nor inhibited its action. The new pigments derived from the hydrophobic leucine were more hydrophilic than the conventional red pigments (lacking an amino acid side-chain) and were extracellularly produced. Therefore, the low level of red pigments produced when leucine was the nitrogen source was not due to feed-back regulation by cell-bound leucine pigments. The negative effect of leucine was caused by enhanced decay of pigment synthase(s). The enhanced decay was not due simply to de novo synthesis of a leucine-induced protease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 162 (1994), S. 114-119 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key words     Pigments ; Monascus pigments ; Leucine ; Amino acids ; Secondary metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract      The formation of soluble Monascus red pigments is strongly positively and negatively regulated by different amino acids. Leucine, valine, lysine, and methionine had strong negative effects on pigment formation. Leucine supported poor pigment formation when used as sole nitrogen source in fermentations, yet it neither repressed pigment synthase(s) nor inhibited its action. The new pigments derived from the hydrophobic leucine were more hydrophilic than the conventional red pigments (lacking an amino acid side-chain) and were extracellularly produced. Therefore, the low level of red pigments produced when leucine was the nitrogen source was not due to feedback regulation by cell-bound leucine pigments. The negative effect of leucine was caused by enhanced decay of pigment synthase(s). The enhanced decay was not due simply to de novo synthesis of a leucine-induced protease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Growth of Streptomyces hygroscopicus under conditions of simulated microgravity in a rotating-wall bioreactor resulted in a pellet form of growth, lowered dry cell weight, and inhibition of rapamycin production. With the addition of Teflon beads to the bioreactor, growth became much less pelleted, dry cell weight increased but rapamycin production was still markedly inhibited. Growth under simulated microgravity favored extracellular production of rapamycin, in contrast to a greater percentage of cell-bound rapamycin observed under normal gravity conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 52 (1999), S. 455-463 
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The antibiotics have been useful in our battles against infectious bacteria and fungi for over 50 years. However, many antibiotics are used commercially, or are potentially useful, in medicine for activities other than their antibiotic action. They are used as antitumor agents, immunosuppressive agents, hypocholesterolemic agents, enzyme inhibitors, antimigraine agents, and antiparasitic agents. A number of these products were first discovered as antibiotics which failed in their development as such, or as mycotoxins. In addition to the above alternative applications, new powerful antibiotics have been discovered and commercialized in recent years and others are in clinical testing at the moment. A few successful secondary metabolites appear to have no antibiotic activity. The recently increased development of resistance to older antibacterial and antifungal drugs is being met with the use or clinical testing of older, underutilized or previously nondeveloped narrow-spectrum antibacterial products as well as powerful semisynthetic antifungal agents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 9 (1980), S. 189-197 
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Clostridium thermocellum ATCC 27405 (and its improved cellulase-producing mutant, AS-39) is an anaerobic thermophile that produces endo-β-glucanase and exo-β-glucanase when grown on cellobiose or cellulose as major carbon source (Shinmyo et al. 1979). The site of cellulase accumulation was at least 95% extracellular. Optimum conditions for endo-β-glucanase production in flasks included 1% (w/v) cellobiose, 0.2% (w/v) urea as a nitrogen source, 0.1 M morpholinopropane-sulfonic acid buffer, an initial pH of 7.4, and a yeast extract concentration of 0.6% (w/v). An improved medium (GS medium) was devised for future studies. Xylan was degraded by an extracellular enzyme (s) produced during cultivation on cellobiose, although C. thermocellum does not grow on xylan.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Growth of Streptomyces clavuligerus NP1 in the presence of methanol or ethanol resulted in a marked increase in production of cephalosporin(s) from penicillin G by resting cells. The mycelium produced in alcohol-supplemented medium was fragmented and dispersed as compared with growth in control medium. HPLC analysis showed that at least two products were present in the biotransformation supernatant fluid after 1 h incubation. One of them has been identified as deacetoxycephalosporin G (DAOG).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 721 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 184 (1959), S. 1894-1894 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] M. lacticum 8180, M. lacticum 8181 and M.flavum 10340 were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection and grown on slants containing Difco nutrient agar plus 1 per cent Difco yeast extract. After 48-hr, incubation at 37 C., the cells were harvested and washed twice with 0-02 M dipotassium ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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