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Pleomorphic carcinoma of the breast: clinicopathological analysis of 26 cases of an unusual high-grade phenotype of ductal carcinoma (2000)

Silver, S A ; Tavassoli, F A

Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd

Histopathology 36 (2000), S. 0

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ISSN: 1365-2559

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Medicine

Notes: Pleomorphic carcinoma is a poorly described entity whose phenotype is not well recognized as within the morphological spectrum of breast carcinoma. The purpose of this report is to describe the clinicopathological features of this tumour, and to promote its recognition as an unusual high-grade morphological variant of mammary ductal carcinoma.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods and resultsHistological slides of breast carcinomas (N = 64) coded between 1978 and 1995 as having pleomorphic or anaplastic features were reviewed. Pleomorphic carcinoma (N = 26) was diagnosed when ≥ 50% of the tumour manifested a pleomorphic cell population (〉 sixfold variation in nuclear size). Tumours of lobular origin were excluded. All neoplasms occurred in women with a mean age of 53 years. Patients underwent biopsy and/or mastectomy (n = 24) or lumpectomy (n = 2). The tumours' mean size was 54 mm. All were high-grade neoplasms. The pleomorphic cell population comprised 50–100% of the tumour; 31% had a prominent spindled morphology. Fifty-eight per cent of the tumours were initially misclassified by referring pathologists as sarcomas or carcinomas, possibly metastatic. Adjacent DCIS or a transition to classic ductal carcinoma was present in 73%. Five (19%) patients were stage I and three (12%) had stage IV disease. Axillary dissections yielded ≥ 3 (mean 7.2) positive lymph nodes in 52%. Most (68%) tumours were aneuploid; a high S-phase (〉 10%) was present in 63%. All neoplasms were ER negative and all but one were PR negative. p53 expression was present in 71%; none expressed bcl-2. c-erbB-2 was detected in four (19%) node-positive and in 0 (0%) node-negative cases (P = 0.01). Of 16 patients with follow-up, 6 (38%) were disease-free (mean, 74 months), four (25%) alive with disease (mean, 33 months) and six (38%) dead of disease at a mean of 22 months.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉ConclusionsPleomorphic carcinoma is a prognostically unfavourable lesion and represents the extreme end of the morphological spectrum of grade III infiltrating ductal carcinoma.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2559.2000.00924.x

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Factors influencing hydrocarbon degradation in three freshwater lakes (1985)

Cooney, J. J. ; Silver, S. A. ; Beck, E. A.

Springer

Microbial ecology 11 (1985), S. 127-137

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ISSN: 1432-184X

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract The mixed microbial flora of 3 lakes in Ohio with differing histories of hydrocarbon pollution was examined in relation to the ability to use hydrocarbons. Weathered kerosene was spiked with naphthalene, pristane, 1,13-tetradecadiene, andn-hexadecane and added to water-sediment mixtures from the 3 lakes, and utilization of the 4 marker hydrocarbons was measured. Each of the marker hydrocarbons was metabolized; naphthalene was the most readily used and pristane was the most resistant. Values for dissolved oxygen suggest that oxygen did not limit hydrocarbon degradation in the water column at any site examined. Nutrient addition studies indicated that nitrogen and phosphorus limited hydrocarbon degradation at all sites examined. Maximum numbers of heterotrophic bacteria were detected when the water temperature was 10°C or higher. The data indicate that temperature limits hydrocarbon degradation in the winter, except at a site which had been impacted by an oil spill and which received chronic inputs of hydrocarbons and nutrients. In samples from that site, all 4 marker hydrocarbons were degraded at 0°C. Results of temperature and nutrient-addition experiments suggest that different seasonal populations of hydrocarbon users are selected at that site, but not at other lake sites.