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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of feeding the leucine metabolite β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) on the non-specific cellular and humoral defence mechanisms of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Verlag GmbH
    Journal of applied ichthyology 19 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0426
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Previous studies have shown that leucine metabolite β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) increases the immune function in animals as measured by cellular and humoral immune responses. In the present study the influence of feeding HMB on the nonspecific cellular and humoral defence mechanisms and protection against furunculosis in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was examined. HMB was fed in a pelleted ration at either 0 (control), 10, 25 or 50 mg  kg−1 bw day−1 for 8 weeks. Blood and pronephros cells were taken at random from 10 fish in each group for the analyses. The respiratory burst activity (RBA) and potential killing activity (PKA) of phagocytes, lymphocyte proliferation stimulated by either concanavalin (ConA) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS), lysozyme activities and total immunoglobulin (Ig) levels in plasma were analysed at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 weeks. After 4 weeks of feeding HMB, a challenge test was performed by injection of Aeromonas salmonicida into the fish. HMB approximately doubled the respiratory burst activity and potential killing activity ability of polymorphonuclear (PMN) and morphonuclear (MN) cells (P 〈 0.01) and increased the mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation (P 〈 0.01) when compared with the control group. HMB feeding also increased (P 〈 0.01) the lysozyme activity in plasma and total Ig levels in serum. During the 14-day challenge test, mortality was decreased (P 〈 0.01) by up to 62% in HMB-fed fish compared with the control group mortality. In conclusion, the non-specific immune enhancement by HMB resulted in protection against furunculosis in the rainbow trout.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0426.2003.00348.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of levamisole on the growth of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) larvae (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of applied ichthyology 4 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0426
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The present results indicate that levamisole stimulates the growth of carp larvae without effect on its survival and rate of development. The differences between the growth of larvae exposed to 2 mg · dm-3 and larvae from control group were significant concerning the length and the weight of larvae.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉ZusammenfassungDer Einfluß von Levamisol anf das Wacbstum von KarpfenLevamisol stimuliert den Zuwachs frisch geschlüpfter Karpfenbrut. Es hat keinen Einfluß auf Überle-bens-und Entwicklungsrate. Die Unterschiede im Zuwachs von Brut, die mit einer Levamisollösung (Konzentration 2 mg · dm-3) behandelt wurden, und Brut der Kontrollgruppe waren statistisch signifikant sowohl hinsicbtlich des Gewichtes als auch der Brutlänge.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉RésuméInfluence de lévamisole sur la croissance d'alevins de carpe (Cyprinus carpio)Les résukats d'expériences faites en laboratoire montrent que lévamisole stimule la croissance d'alevins de carpe sans inluencer leur survie ou leur taux de développement. Les différences entre la croissance d'alevins soumis à une concentration de 2 mg · dm-3, et celle du groupe contrôle étaient significatives quant à la longueur et au poids des alevins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.1988.tb00559.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of immunostimulants on the effectiveness of vaccines in fish: in vitro and in vivo study (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of applied ichthyology 14 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0426
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Immunostimulants activate nonspecific defence mechanisms, cell-mediated immunity and specific immune responses. Immunostimulants can be administered before, with, or after vaccines to amplify the specific immune response in generating elevations of humoral antibody levels and the number of antibody-secreting cells (ASC). Special applications of immunostimulants include assisting spray or other regimens to increase the topical uptake of vaccines. In the present study, the influence of dimerized lysozyme (KLP-602) and inosine pranobex (gro-prinosin) on the cellular and humoral immune response after in vitro and in vivo immunization of rainbow trout with Yersinia ruckeri vaccine (Yersivax) was determined. Immunostimulants were administered by injection before, with, or after the vaccine applied by immersion. ELISPOT assays were used for the quantification of total and specific ASC after in vitro and in vivo immunization. Also, the specific immune response was determined 7, 14, 18, 21, 28, 35 and 45 days after in vivo immunization. Immunostimulants administered before, with, or after the vaccine increased cell-mediated immunity and the specific immune response, compared with the control groups (vaccine only). The higher responses (adjuvant effect) after the application of dimerized lysozyme (KLP-602) were observed in each experimental study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.1998.tb00646.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Treatment of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) disease using dimerized lysozyme (KLP-602) (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of applied ichthyology 14 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0426
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Following the successful treatment of infectious fish diseases using dimerized lysozyme (KLP-602), its influence on the nonspecific cellular and humoral defence mechanisms and protection against viral diseases in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was evaluated. KLP-602 was applied in diets, at a dose of 10 μg kg-1 body weight, for a period of 7 days. One week after feeding with the diets containing KLP-602, the immunomodulatory effects on the suppressed cellular and humoral defence mechanisms were observed in fish naturally infected by infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV). All immunological parameters were significantly increased in comparison with untreated fish. Cumulative mortality was lower in fish fed the dietary treatment containing dimerized lysozyme (30%), compared with untreated fish (65%). The results showed that the lysozyme dimer (KLP-602) modulated the cellular and humoral defence mechanisms after suppression induced by IPNV.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.1998.tb00647.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modulation of nonspecific defence mechanisms and specific immune responses after suppression induced by xenobiotics (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Journal of applied ichthyology 16 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0426
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary In the present study the possible modulation of nonspecific defence mechanisms and specific immune responses after suppression induced by oxytetracycline, oxolinic acid, and lindane – an organochlorine pesticide, were analysed in carp. Modulation was attempted using a natural immunostimulant, dimerized lysozyme (KLP-602, Nika Health Products, USA). Five groups of fish were given intraperitoneal injections of selected doses of the drugs on days 7, 6 and 4 before immunization with Yersinia ruckeri vaccine. At each injection, group I was also given 10 mg kg−1 oxytetracycline, group II 10 mg kg−1 oxolinic acid, group III 10 mg kg−1 lindane, group IV was only immunized, and group V was injected with PBS. The immunostimulant was added in food before and after immunization. The study showed the immunotoxic effects of oxytetracycline, oxolinic acid and lindane; dimerized lysozyme corrected the defence mechanisms suppressed by these drugs and chemicals. The immunostimulatory effects of dimerized lysozyme were better when added before rather than after fish immunization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0426.2000.00143.x
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