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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Agonist-Induced, GTP-Dependent Phosphoinositide Hydrolysis in Postmortem Human Brain Membranes (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 62 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Membranes prepared from postmortem human brain were used to measure the activities of three components of the phosphoinositide second messenger system. [3H] Phosphatidylinositol ([3H] PI) hydrolysis was stimulated by directly activating phospholipase C with calcium, by activating guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) with guanosine-5′-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) (GTPγS) or with AIF4, and by receptors activated with several agonists (in the presence of GTPγS), including (in order of increasing magnitudes of responses) carbachol, pilocarpine, histamine, trans-1-aminocyclopentyl-1, 3-dicarboxylic acid (a selective excitatory amino acid metabotropic receptor agonist), serotonin, and ATP. Gq/11 was identified as the G protein most likely to mediate [3H] PI hydrolysis in human brain membranes based on the findings that this process was not impaired by pretreatment with pertussis toxin and it was inhibited by antibodies specific for the α-subunit of Gq/11 but not by antibodies for Go or G11. The effects of postmortem delay on [3H] PI hydrolysis were examined by studying tissues obtained 6–21 h postmortem. A slight increase in basal [3H] PI hydrolysis was associated with increased postmortem time, suggesting a slow loss of the normal inhibitory control of phospholipase C. GTPγS- stimulated [3H] PI hydrolysis was unaffected by postmortem times within this range, but carbachol-induced [3H] PI hydrolysis tended to decrease with increasing postmortem times. These results demonstrate that the entire phosphoinositide complex remains functional and experimentally detectable in postmortem human brain membranes. This method provides a means to study the function, regulation, effects of diseases, and responses to drugs of the phosphoinositide system in human brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1994.62010180.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Phosphoinositide Signal Transduction System Is Impaired in Bipolar Affective Disorder Brain (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 66 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The function of the phosphoinositide second messenger system was assessed in occipital, temporal, and frontal cortex obtained postmortem from subjects with bipolar affective disorder and matched controls by measuring the hydrolysis of [3H]phosphatidylinositol ([3H]PI) incubated with membrane preparations and several different stimulatory agents. Phospholipase C activity, measured in the presence of 0.1 mM Ca2+ to stimulate the enzyme, was not different in bipolar and control samples. G proteins coupled to phospholipase C were concentration-dependently activated by guanosine 5′-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) (GTPγS) and by NaF. GTPγS-stimulated [3H]PI hydrolysis was markedly lower (50%) at all tested concentrations (0.3–10 µM GTPγS) in occipital cortical membranes from bipolar compared with control subjects. Responses to GTPγS in temporal and frontal cortical membranes were similar in bipolars and controls, as were responses to NaF in all three regions. Brain lithium concentrations correlated directly with GTPγS-stimulated [3H]PI hydrolysis in bipolar occipital, but not temporal or frontal, cortex. Carbachol, histamine, trans-1-aminocyclopentyl-1,3-dicarboxylic acid, serotonin, and ATP each activated [3H]PI hydrolysis above that obtained with GTPγS alone, and these responses were similar in bipolars and controls except for deficits in the responses to carbachol and serotonin in the occipital cortex, which were equivalent to the deficit detected with GTPγS alone. Thus, among the three cortical regions examined there was a selective impairment in G protein-stimulated [3H]PI hydrolysis in occipital cortical membranes from bipolar compared with control subjects. These results directly demonstrate decreased activity of the phosphoinositide signal transduction system in specific brain regions in bipolar affective disorder.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1996.66062402.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adrenalectomy Potentiates Immediate Early Gene Expression in Rat Brain (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 58 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Administration of kainate or pentylenetetrazole increased c-fos, c-jun, junB, and junD mRNA levels in rat brain in a dose-dependent manner. Kainate increased these mRNA levels predominantly in the hippocampus, and pentylenetetrazole was more effective in the cortex. Adrenalectomy (3 days) was used to eliminate endogenous glucocorticoid hormones. Adrenalectomy significantly potentiated kainate-induced increases, compared with increases caused by kainate (4 mg/kg) alone, in the hippocampal mRNA levels of c-fos and junB by 6.5-fold and of junD by twofold and tended to augment c-jun mRNA. Corticosterone administration blocked the potentiated stimulation of these mRNA levels caused by adrenalectomy. Adrenalectomy also significantly increased pentylenetetrazole-induced levels of c-fos mRNA in the cortex. These results demonstrate that glucocorticoids modulate immediate early gene expression in the brain, raising the possibility that this interaction contributes to interneuronal and interindividual differences in responses to stimuli and to the effects of stress- or disease-induced changes in glucocorticoid concentrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1992.tb10982.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chronic Lithium Treatment Impairs Phosphatidylinositol Hydrolysis in Membranes from Rat Brain Regions (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 58 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Membranes prepared from rat brain regions were used to measure the receptor-coupled and/or guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein)-mediated hydrolysis of exogenous [3H]phosphatidylinositol ([3H]PI). Guanosine 5′-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) (GTPγS) and NaF (in the presence of AlCl3) caused concentration-dependent stimulations of [3H]PI hydrolysis, supporting the conclusion that G proteins mediating [3H]PI hydrolysis can be activated in this preparation. Neither of these responses was altered by in vitro incubation with 8 mM LiCl, but both were reduced in hippocampal, striatal, and cortical membranes from rats that had been treated with lithium for 4 weeks compared with controls. Two cholinergic agonists, carbachol and pilocarpine, induced no hydrolysis of [3H]PI GTPγS was also present, in which case each equally stimulated [3H]PI hydrolysis above that obtained with GTPγS alone. In the presence of GTPγS several excitatory amino acid agonists stimulated [3H]PI hydrolysis to an extent similar to that of carbachol. After chronic lithium treatment, [3H]PI hydrolysis stimulated by carbachol was significantly attenuated, but the response to quisqualate was unaffected. Therefore, lithium added in vitro does not have an effect on cholinergic receptor- or G protein-mediated [3H]PI hydrolysis, but each of these is reduced by chronic lithium treatment. Because exogenous [3H]PI was provided as the substrate, it is evident that the inhibitory effect of chronic lithium treatment cannot be due to substrate depletion. Impaired function of G proteins appears to be the most likely mechanism accounting for attenuated [3H]PI hydrolysis after chronic administration of lithium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1992.tb10964.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selective Increases in Phosphoinositide Signaling Activity and G Protein Levels in Postmortem Brain from Subjects with Schizophrenia or Alcohol Dependence (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 70 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Comparisons of the activity of the G protein-mediated phosphoinositide signal transduction system and of G protein levels were made in two regions of frontal cortex from eight schizophrenic, alcohol-dependent, and control subjects. G protein-mediated phosphoinositide hydrolysis was measured by stimulating cortical membranes incubated with [3H]phosphatidylinositol with 0.3–10 µM guanosine 5′-O-(3-thio)triphosphate (GTPγS). In frontal cortex areas 8/9, GTPγS-induced phosphoinositide hydrolysis was 50% greater in schizophrenic than control or alcohol-dependent subjects, whereas there were no differences among these groups of subjects in the response to GTPγS in frontal cortex area 10. Agonists for dopaminergic, cholinergic, purinergic, serotonergic, histaminergic, and glutamatergic receptors coupled to the phosphoinositide signaling system increased [3H]phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis in a GTPγS-dependent manner. Responses to most agonists were similar in all three subject groups in both cortical regions, with the largest difference being a 40% greater response to dopaminergic receptor stimulation in frontal cortex 8/9 from schizophrenic subjects. Measurements of the levels of phospholipase C-β, and of α-subunits of Gq, Go, Gi1, Gi2, and Gs, made by immunoblot analyses revealed no differences among the groups of subjects except for increased Gαo in schizophrenic subjects and increased Gαo and Gαi1 in alcohol-dependent subjects. These results demonstrate that schizophrenia is associated with increased activity of the phosphoinositide signal transduction system and increased levels of Gαo, whereas the phosphoinositide system was unaltered in alcohol dependence, but Gαo and Gαi1 were increased.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998.70020763.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of Acetylsalicylic Acid, Acetophenetidin, and Caffeine in Dosage Forms by Nonaqueous Titration. (1966)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 38 (1966), S. 549-552 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac60236a007
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bisindolylmaleimide VIII facilitates Fas-mediated apoptosis and inhibits T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases (1999)
    [s.l.] : Nature America Inc.
    Nature medicine 5 (1999), S. 42-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Fas-mediated apoptosis is essential for the elimination of cells, and impaired apoptosis can have severe detrimental consequences. Bisindolylmaleimide VIII potentiated Fas-mediated apoptosis in human astrocytoma 1321N1 cells and in Molt-4 T cells, both of which were devoid of apoptosis induced ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/4723
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and structural characterization of a novel polymeric gadolinium(III)–copper(II) complex of iminodiacetic acid (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 475-479 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Crystal structure ; coordination polymer ; gadolinium(III)-copper(II) complex ; iminodiacetic acid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A novel polymeric Gd2Cu3 complex of iminodiacetic acid (H2L1=NH{CH2COOH}2), namely, Gd2Cu3(L1)6, 1, has been synthesized and structurally characterized. In the title complex, the Gd3+ ion is nine-coordinated by six O atoms from three bidentate chelating carboxylate groups and three O atoms from three anti-anti bridging carboxylic groups of six L1 ligands; the Cu2+ ion is six-coordinated by four O and two N atoms from two chelating L1 ligands. Each pair of Gd(III) atoms is bridged by three L1 ligands, each of which also chelates with one copper(II) ion, thus forming a Gd2Cu3 cluster unit. Such cluster units are cross-linked by flexible L1 ligands into a three-dimensional coordination framework. The title complex crystallizes in the trigonal space group P-3c1 (No. 165) with a = b = 13.433(4), c = 14.770(6) Å; V = 2308(1) Å3; Dcalca = 1.859 g cm−3; Z = 2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021724807035
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic Properties and Magnetostriction of Zn〈sub〉x〈/sub〉Ni〈sub〉1-x 〈/sub〉MnSb Alloys (2005)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 475-479 (Jan. 2005), p. 1715-1718 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: We have investigated the magnetic properties and magnetostriction of ZnxNi1-xMnSb compounds prepared by solid state reaction method. It is found that for x less than 0.6 the magnetization of ZnxNi1-xMnSb almost remains unchanged. However, when x is larger than 0.6 the magnetization starts to drop linearly. Experimental result indicates that at low Zn concentrations, x 〈 0.7, the Curie temperature (TC) decreases with increasing Zn concentration x. However, when x 〉 0.7, the Curie temperature increases distinctly with increasing x. The Zn concentrartion dependence of magnetostrictive ceofficient is also studied. The experimental curve shows that when x 〈 0.6 the value of magnetostriction coefficient for ZnxNi1-xMnSb decreases linearly with the increasing Znconcentration x. However, when x is above 0.6, the magnetostrictive ceofficient raises distinctly. By analyzing the XRD pattern, the structures of the materials are examined and the relationship between the properties and the structures are discussed. A structural phase transition is observed. It has been indicated that the structure plays an important role in the magnetic and magnetostrictive properties of the system
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/09/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.475-479.1715.pdf
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Magnetic Entropy Changes in Gd〈sub〉1-x〈/sub〉Cr〈sub〉x〈/sub〉 Alloys (2005)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 475-479 (Jan. 2005), p. 2267-2270 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A series of Gd1-xCrx (x=0.01,0.03,0.05 and 0.07) alloys have been prepared by arc melting. After introducing a small quantity of Cr into Gd, the Curie temperatures of these alloys increase. Magnetic entropy changes at the Curie temperature of Gd1-xCrx (x=0.01, 0.03, 0.05) alloys are nearly the same as that of Gd. However, compared with Gd, the magnetic entropy changes of Gd1-xCrx (x=0.01, 0.03, 0.05) alloys remain at a high level in a wider temperature range. So Gd1-xCrx (x=0.01, 0.03, 0.05) alloys are more suitable as magnetic refrigerant to be used in Ericsson Recycle for room temperature magnetic refrigeration. Our results and the fact that Cr is quite cheaper than Gd, suggest that Gd1-xCrx alloys maybe utilized as refrigerant in room temperature magnetic refrigeration
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/09/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.475-479.2267.pdf
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