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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 4496-4498 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Magnetic interactions between particles or crystallites in recording media can have an important effect on their switching behavior and on their recording performance. If the types of interactions that tend to stabilize the saturated state are defined as positive and those that tend to destabilize it as negative, it can be argued that positive interactions would reduce demagnetization losses and lead to improved recording performance. Furthermore, positive interactions would be expected to give rise to cooperative switching of groups of particles or crystallites that, on the one hand, would tend to reduce the switching field distribution and, on the other hand, would tend to increase noise. Remanence curves, being strongly influenced by interparticle interactions, provide a sensitive way to investigate the magnitude and sign of such interactions. In this paper, the interactions of different particulate and thin-film media have been studied by comparing their demagnetization remanence curves with their isothermal remanence curves. Recording media employing oriented acicular particulate assemblies exhibit negative interactions. Nonoriented particulate media with either acicular or platelet-type particles exhibit very small and slightly negative interactions. Thin-film media and oriented Ba-ferrite media with platelet-type particles usually exhibit strong positive interactions. These large differences in interaction fields are discussed on the basis of the type of coupling (magnetostatic and/or exchange), the particle morphologies, and the anisotropy fields in these media. The polarity, magnitude, and shape of the interaction curves seem to be qualitatively correlated with the recording media noise.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 4493-4495 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A M-H loop model for Ba-ferrite particulate media is introduced where a modified Stoner–Wohlfarth model is used as a magnetization reversal model. It is confirmed that this model can be applied for read/write simulation of Ba ferrite. Using this model, the read/write performance of Ba-ferrite media is investigated and compared with that of acicular particulate media. The results indicate that: (i) For high-density recording, longitudinally oriented Ba ferrite is superior to acicular particulate media because of its high coercive squareness S*; (ii) to improve read/write performance of the Ba-ferrite in use today, narrowing of anisotropy field distribution is effective; and (iii) perpendicularly oriented Ba ferrite has good read/write performance only at narrow head-medium spacings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 67 (1990), S. 5358-5360 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Magnetization transitions in recording media have frequently been modeled by a distribution of the form Mr arctan (x/a), where the transition length "a'' is presumably determined by the Mrt/Hc ratio of the medium and the head field gradient. We propose that the remanence loop parameters are more relevant to the magnetic recording process than the hysteresis loop parameters. Measured from the remanence loop in the direction of orientation, the important parameters for recording include the switching field distribution (SFDr), the initial slope of the remanence curve, and, of course, the remanence (Mr) and remanence coercivity (Hr). In this respect, medium perfection is reflected in perfectly rectangular remanence loops. Furthermore, a large angular dependence of Hr (from the easy to the hard axis of the media) is also very desirable in minimizing sidetrack writing and recording demagnetization. This proposal is justified by comparing the hysteresis, remanence, and recording properties of various advanced particulate (Co-modified iron oxide and Ba-ferrite longitudinally oriented media) and metal thin-film media. A rather surprising result was the attainment of superior high density response and a high signal output in BaFe media with extremely small SFDr, even though the half-pulsewidth is not commensurately small because it is masked by the contributions of effective spacing, media thickness, and gap length. These thicker BaFe media provide equivalent recording performance to that of much thinner and higher coercivity metal thin-film media.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The effect of magnetic layer deposition rate on longitudinal media's magnetic, crystalline, and recording properties was studied. Slower deposition rates were found to produce a systematic reduction in media transition noise. X-ray diffraction and torque magnetometer data indicated that as the deposition rate was slowed, the out-of-plane anisotropy component of the media increased. Slower deposition rates were also found to increase media saturation magnetization. Increased media signal-to-noise ratios were observed when higher process temperatures were used in conjunction with slower rates. These results are discussed in terms of recent theories which have linked phase segregation and out-of-plane crystalline anisotropy with media magnetic and recording properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 5157-5159 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Metal evaporated (ME) tape is being developed as an advanced medium for high-density magnetic tape recording. It is produced by evaporation in an oxygen atmosphere, and consists of very small Co and CoNi crystallites intermingled with oxides of Co and Ni. The angle of incidence of the vapor flux is varied continuously during deposition, imparting to the film a distinct curved columnar structure. Previous studies have measured the angular dependence of the coercivity and remanence out of the plane of the tape in order to determine the preferred direction of magnetic anisotropy and the mechanism of magnetization reversal in these films. These studies, however, do not take into account the demagnetizing field. In this study, we used a two-dimensional vector vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM) to obtain the correct angular dependence of the coercivity and of the remanent magnetization. Our results show that magnetization reversal near the easy axis proceeds by incoherent rotation, and not by domain-wall displacement as suggested by other investigators. We also measured the torque characteristics in the three principal planes and used them to determine the magnitude and angle of the uniaxial magnetic anisotropy in these films. To understand the origin of the magnetic anisotropy, we studied the temperature dependence of Ms and Hc over the range of −100 to +100 °C. We found that Ms is essentially independent of temperature in this range, while Hc has a very large negative temperature coefficient (about 6 Oe/°C). This implies that it is primarily the crystalline anisotropy of the Co and CoNi crystallites which controls the coercivity of these films, and not the shape of the distinct columnar structure or any shape contribution of the crystallites themselves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 63 (1988), S. 3432-3434 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In this paper, we investigated the mechanism of magnetization reversal in Ba-ferrite particulate media by measuring and analyzing the angular dependence of the coercivity, the remanence coercivity, and the hysteresis losses, and also by investigating the rotational hysteresis properties. The measurements were performed in longitudinally oriented and in nonoriented media in order to avoid demagnetization effects. The angular dependence of the magnetic properties was found to vary widely depending on the degree of orientation and the particle-to-binder loading of the media. Our conclusion is that the mechanism of magnetization reversal is one of incoherent rotation, and most probably fanning, but closely resembling curling in the closely coupled arrays of the platelet-shaped particles of Ba ferrite. Comparisons with the predictions of theoretical models agree well with our experimental results. The large increase of the remanence coercivity with angle for oriented media represents one of the most important and fundamental characteristics of these media and has a profound effect in reducing the recording demagnetization and enhancing their short wavelength response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 61 (1987), S. 3831-3833 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Rigid disks for magnetic recording usually employ an aluminum alloy substrate coated with a Ni-P film of 10–15 μm thickness prepared by electroless chemical deposition, followed by the ferromagnetic recording film deposited chemically or by sputtering. Depending on the bath composition and the method of preparation, it is possible for the Ni-P underlayer to consist of intermixed ferromagnetic and paramagnetic regions. Furthermore, the magnetic structure of the Ni-P underlayer may change significantly with subsequent heat treatments experienced during the sputter deposition of the ferromagnetic layer and other protective layers such as chromium and carbon. The presence of a ferromagnetic component in the Ni-P underlayer is, of course, undesirable and detrimental to the recording performance of the disk. Furthermore, in order to measure correctly the magnetic characteristics of the recording films, it is necessary to subtract out all the magnetic effects of the substrate and underlayer. Subtracting out a straight line M vs H curve can lead to incorrect results if the Ni-P underlayer has a significant ferromagnetic component. In this paper, we show that a good estimate of the magnitude of the ferromagnetic part of the underlayer can be obtained by extrapolating the slope of the raw M vs H curve of the Ni-P plus aluminum composite to the intercept at H=0 (slope intercept). Several examples of this are given for Ni-P films exposed to different heat treatments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 63 (1988), S. 2908-2910 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The influence of oxygen contamination of Co-Cr thin films during evaporation was investigated by measuring their magnetic properties and recording characteristics. By increasing the amount of added oxygen, perpendicular anisotropy of Co-Cr thin films was degraded, causing an increase of the coercive force Hc and squareness ratio Mr/Ms in the longitudinal direction. In recorded signal characteristics, the addition of oxygen results in a decrease of the dipulse ratio and a degradation of the recording density response through the enhancement of recording demagnetization. In noise characteristics, it results in reverse dc erase noise response with a peak at some reverse current which is characteristic of longitudinal thin-film recording media, while the noise in the presence of signal does not show an increase with increasing recording density, which is quite different from the longitudinal thin films. Another distinctive result was that even a sample with a small amount of oxygen, where magnetic properties and recording density response were roughly the same as the samples without intentional addition of oxygen, showed a very huge dc erase noise.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 61 (1987), S. 4028-4030 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Noise is as important a system performance determinant as signal, and yet in many recording system designs it is ignored in the erroneous pursuit of maximizing output signal regardless of the associated media noise. The dominant noise in thin metallic films used in high recording density applications is modulation noise, arising from the zig-zag magnetization pattern in the transition regions, which in turn may arise from strong exchange coupling between the crystallites of the film. In this study we investigated the dependence of the signal, the noise, and the signal-to-noise ratio in chemically deposited thin films as a function of their thickness which was varied from 0.02 to 0.16 μm, while the magnetic parameters of the films varied only in a narrow range (Hc: 480–580 Oe; SQ: ∼0.7; Ms=138 emu/g, and SFD: 0.06–0.13). The low density signal output increases monotonically with thickness in this range. The high density output (15–20 KFCI) shows a pronounced peak at a thickness of 0.05–0.07 μm. The peak modulation noise was found to increase with thickness, from a low value of 3 μV (RMS) to a high value of 13 μV (over 12 dB). Consequently, the high density signal-to-noise ratio of these films decreases monotonically with increasing thickness. The implications of these results on the optimization of thin-film media for high recording density applications are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 63 (1988), S. 3429-3431 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Overwrite modulation (OWM) represents one of the more difficult problems in utilizing Ba-ferrite particulate media for high density recording applications. Any thick particulate medium of high coercivity with preferred perpendicular anisotropy is subject to OWM problems, but Ba-ferrite is even more susceptible in that some of the fundamental properties that contribute to its outstanding recording performance exacerbate its OWM behavior. These properties include a large angular dependence of the remanence coercivity of oriented media, which is reflected in a small transverse field demagnetization and derives from the high uniaxial anisotropy field and the high morphological perfection of the Ba-ferrite platelets. Several possible solutions to the OWM problem are discussed: use separate wide-gap erase heads, wider write gaps, metal-in-gap or other high flux density heads; lower the coercivity; lower the thickness of the media; and longitudinal instead of perpendicular orientation. In addition to these, two other novel solutions are presented: one involves the use of higher than optimum write currents; the other involves the use of thin-film and MR heads (a rather surprising result).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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