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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of ultra-violet radiation and restricted diet on rat labial mucosa (1978)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of oral pathology & medicine 7 (1978), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0714
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The combined effect of ultra-violet radiation and a restricted diet on oral mucosa was investigated using the labial mucosa of pigmented rats. Twenty-four rats were divided so that 12 experimental animals received 50% of the average daily diet of the remaining 12 normal controls. After 1 month, the epithelium of the restricted group had thinned to 2/3 of that of the controls. Nine rats from each group were then subjected to daily ultra-violet irradiation of the labial mucosa, three animals in each group remaining as unirradiated controls. After 1, 4 and 8 weeks irradiation, three experimental and one unirradiated control from each group were sacrificed. Microscopic examination showed that the thickness of the epithelium and the mitotic index increased in both normal and restricted animals at 4 weeks. The increase in thickness was maintained at 8 weeks, but the mitotic index declined in the deficient animals at this time. Evidence of epithelial dysplasia was seen in the normal animals at 4 weeks, and this increased at 8 weeks; such changes were rarely seen in the restricted animals. It thus appears that the extent of ultra-violet induced dysplasia may be related to the mitotic index, a lower mitotic index implying less dysplasia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0714.1978.tb01590.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of nicotine and tobacco-specific nitrosamines on hamster cheek pouch and gastric mucosa (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of oral pathology & medicine 23 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0714
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Fifty-two hamsters were divided into 6 groups and their cheek pouches treated with either 0.01% NNN, 0.01% NNN and 6% nicotine, 0.01%. NNK, 0.01% NNK and 6% nicotine, 6%i nicotine, or sesame oil. After painting each pouch 3 times per week for 13 months, the animals were killed and specimens from the cheek pouch and forestomach examined. Cheek pouch epithelium showed more frequent histologic changes, including hyperplasia, hyperkeratosis and, in one animal, moderate dysplasia, when nicotine was combined with NNN than after treatment with NNN (or nicotine) alone. There was a higher frequency of hyperplasia with hyperkeratosis in the forestomach when nicotine was combined with NNK than following NNK, or nicotine treatment alone, and squamous cell papillomas were evident in animals treated with both NNK and nicotine. These results suggest that in mucosal tissues nicotine may enhance the effect of weak carcinogens such as the nitrosamines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0714.1994.tb00054.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhanced penetration of nitrosonornicotine across oral mucosa in the presence of ethanol (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of oral pathology & medicine 15 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0714
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: There is evidence for synergy between tobacco and alcohol in the etiology of oral cancer but the reason for such an effect is unclear. One possible explanation is that alcohol enhances the penetration of carcinogens through the oral lining. We measured the permeability in vitro of three regions of porcine oral mucosa to the tobacco associated carcinogen, nitrosonornicotine (NNN) alone and in the presence of 5% or 50% ethanol. 50% ethanol did not significantly alter the permeability of oral mucosa to NNN except for buccal mucosa, where it was reduced. However, there was a significant increase in the permeability of gingiva and floor of mouth mucosa (but not buccal mucosa) in the presence of 5% ethanol; this increase occurred after far shorter exposures for floor of mouth than for gingiva. These results accord well with studies showing (a) that the Door of mouth is a “high risk area” for oral carcinoma and (b) that there is an increased relative risk of oral cancer for heavy smokers and drinkers and, in particular, for those individuals who consume beverages with a low alcohol content.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0714.1986.tb00623.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The permeability of hyperplastic oral epithelium (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of oral pathology & medicine 14 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0714
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: An epithelial hyperplasia is one of the reactions of skin and oral mucosa to chemical and mechanical insult. It is usually assumed that this reaction produces a more effective epithelial harrier, but there is no information as to whether a less permeable (issue results. To examine this question, hyperplasia was induced in the cheek pouches of hamsters by either chemical treatment with 0.0025% TPA in acetone or by mechanical abrasion with a rotating mop; untreated hamsters served as controls. The animals were killed and the cheek pouches were removed, mounted in diffusion chambers and the permeability to labelled water and horseradish peroxidase (IIRPO) determined. The results showed that higher values were obtained for the permeability constant of hyperplastic epithelia than for that of control tissue, suggesting that an increased epithelial thickness is not necessarily associated with an improved permeability barrier function. The presence of an inferior barrier layer in hyperplastic epithelia may be related to the increased rate of turnover of this tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0714.1985.tb00505.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Blood flow in maxilla and mandible of normal and atherosclerotic rhesus monkeys (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of oral pathology & medicine 14 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0714
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Atherosclerotic vascular disease affects many individuals, particularly in an elderly population. This study examined alterations in the vasculature and blood flow in the maxilla and mandible in rhesus monkeys fed an atherogenic (high fat) diet. No significant difference was found in blood flow between different regions of the bone (anterior mandible, posterior mandible and maxilla) in animals on either a normal or a high fat diet but overall blood flow in the monkeys on the atherogenic diet was significantly lower (p 〈 0.001) than in the control group. Histologic examination of tissue from the animals fed an atherogenic diet revealed minimal changes within the intrabony vasculature and measurements of these vessels showed no significant difference in the percentage of tissue occupied by vessel lumina or in average wall thickness between the groups of animals On the other hand, tissue from the tongue exhibited gross atherosclerotic vascular lesions and examination of the carotid arteries revealed not only intimal plaques but extensive calcification. It thus appears that the decreased flow measured in the maxilla and mandible may he related to the severely involved afferent vessels rather than to functional changes in the local vasculature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0714.1985.tb00470.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Penetration of N-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) across oral mucosa in the presence of ethanol and nicotine (2000)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Journal of oral pathology & medicine 29 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0714
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The effects of ethanol concentrations of 5, 15, 20, 25, 27, 30 and 50% on the penetration of the tobacco-specific carcinogen, nitrosonornicotine (NNN), across porcine oral mucosa were examined using an in vitro perfusion system. Concentrations of ethanol of 25% and above significantly increased the permeability of oral mucosa to NNN, although this increase ceased with 50% ethanol, possibly due to a fixative effect. Nicotine is a consistent component of smoked and smokeless tobacco; the presence of 0.2% nicotine significantly increased the permeability of oral mucosa to NNN and 2% nicotine caused a further increase. Combined use of nicotine and ethanol significantly increased the penetration of NNN across oral mucosa over that of ethanol alone until the concentration of ethanol reached 50%. The results of this study suggest that the synergy between tobacco and alcohol in the etiology of oral cancer may be explained, at least in part, by the local permeabilizing effects of alcohol on the penetration of tobacco-specific (and other) carcinogens across oral mucosa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0714.2000.290205.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Langerhans cell density in normal human oral mucosa and skin: relationship to age, smoking and alcohol consumption (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of oral pathology & medicine 23 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0714
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The immune function of skin has been studied extensively and it has been suggested that epidermal Langerhans cell (LC) density and function decreases with increasing age. Little is known, however, about the effect of age on oral mucosa I LC. Cryostat sections from biopsies of buccal mucosa, lip, hard palate, lateral border of tongue, floor of mouth and abdominal skin, obtained from 91 subjects (aged 16 96 yr), were reacted immunocytochemically with a monoclonal antibody against CDIa and then LC density was expressed as LC/mm epithelial surface length. No significant effect of age on mucosal or skin LC density was found, whilst a history of smoking was associated with an increase in LC density in lateral border of tongue and in biopsies of labial mucosa taken from men (p〈0.05). There was no significant difference between LC density in men and women in oral mucosa. Oral mucosal LC may therefore form a relatively stable population in the adult and thus the increased incidence of mucosal disease in the elderly may be the result of subtle changes in cell mediated immune function rather than changes in LC density.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0714.1994.tb00256.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The application of stereological methods for studying the effects of differing fixative osmolalities on the intercellular space of oral epithelium I. Normal epithelium (1973)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of oral pathology & medicine 2 (1973), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0714
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Mucosa from the anterior palate of the rat was fixed in a variety of commonly used fixatives for electron microscopy having different osmolalities and chemical compositions. The volume of the intercellular space of the epithelium was assessed using a stereological technique in which a test grid was superimposed over electron micrographs of sections through the epithelium, and the relative areas of that test grid overlying cellular and intercellular components were measured. Epithelium fixed in solutions isotonic with mammalian serum showed an intercellular space occupying approximately 4% of the total tissue volume. There was a tendency for the intercellular space to increase with increasing osmolality of the fixative, although this relationship was not a simple one; the chemical nature of the fixative solution may also influence the response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0714.1973.tb01676.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of systemic administration of nicotine on capillaries in rat oral mucosa (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of oral pathology & medicine 18 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0714
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This study examined the reaction of the local vasculature of the oral mucosa in 16 Sprague Dawley rats receiving systemic nicotine delivered (1.5 mg/kg/day) via subcutaneous minipumps for 24 h or 2wk. Control animals received saline. After treatment animals were killed and biopsies taken from palate, maxillary gingiva and buccal mucosa, frozen and cryostat sections incubated to demonstrate alkaline phosphatase, which is a capillary marker. The total length of the capillary fragments in the nicotine treated groups was significantly less than of the control group. There was also a decrease in capillary height in both of the nicotine groups when compared to the control animals. This study indicates that morphologic alterations occur in the microvasculature of the oral mucosa following systemic nicotine administration. This may have implications for the role of chronic tobacco use in the etiology of oral mucosal disease, including periodontal disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0714.1989.tb00768.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Blood flow in the oral mucosa of normal and atherosclerotic rhesus monkeys (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of oral pathology & medicine 17 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0714
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Little data is available on regional blood flow in the normal primate oral mucosa and none on that in atherosclerotic animals. Three adult Rhesus monkeys were maintained on a normal diet and 4 on a high fat, high cholesterol diet for 20 months. Radiolabelled microspheres were used to measure blood flow in skin and 16 oral mucosa regions. In normal animals, blood flow ranged from 160.81 to 8.68 ml/min/100 gm tissue. Blood flow in the same regions of atherosclerotic animals showed significantly lower values than in controls, ranging from 65.90 to 1.04 ml/min/100 gms tissue. However, the relative blood flow to the different regions was not significantly different between control and atherosclerotic animals. Histologic examination of tissue from the atherosclerotic animals revealed gross intimal plaques occluding the lumina of the carotids and atherosclerotic lesions in the lingual arteries. It is concluded that the decrease in blood flow in oral mucosa in the atherosclerotic animals is not the result of local changes in the mucosal vasculature but may be related to lesions seen in the major afferent vessels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0714.1988.tb01502.x
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