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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Renal hypertension ; Control of peripheral resistance ; Distribution of cardiac output ; Particle distribution method
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The regional distribution of the peripheral vascular resistance was studied in normotensive and hypertensive Wistar rats. Two models of experimental hypertension were investigated: (I) in 32 animals the right renal artery was constricted by a silver clip (two-kidney Goldblatt hypertension); (II) in 46 animals the left kidney was removed and the right renal artery was clipped as in the first group (one-kidney Goldblatt hypertension). The normotensive control group comprised 61 untreated animals of the same strain and age. The distribution of cardiac output to 14 tissues was determined by means of the particle distribution technique. The resistance was increased in all regions investigated, a decreased or unchanged resistance was not observed. For most of the investigated tissues the regional resistance was increased exactly in proportion to the total peripheral resistance (TPR). Exceptions to this were found in 2 regions where the change of local resistance deviated from that of TPR: the splanchnic area and the skeletal muscle. In both cases the 2 models differed from each other. In the two-kidney model the increase of resistance in the splanchnic circulation was more intense than in other organs. In contrast, in the one-kidney model the local change of resistance was less than that of TPR. The change of rkeletal muscle resistance was not significantly different from the change of TPR in the two-kidney model, while in the one-kidney model the increase of local resistance was significantly higher than that of TPR. It is concluded that the etiology of the abnormal resistance is different in the 2 models investigated and that known extrinsinc pressor factors may play a role in the two-kidney, but not in the one-kidney Goldblatt hypertension.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 249 (1964), S. 393-415 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary 1. The pharmacological and toxicological properties of Prednisone-(Sü 273 BAYER) and Prednisolon-3,20-bisguanylhydrazone (Sü 379 BAYER) are described. Both compounds are representatives of a new class of substances, detected in 1961 together with S. Schütz. The pharmacological actions in different test objects are far more similar to those of genines or glycosides of digitalis than from any known synthetic substance. 2. In the isolated frog-heart (Straub) a systolic standstill is produced; in the guinea-pig's auricles and papillary muscle both compounds have a positive-inotropic action at 10−8 (Sü 379) or 10−7 (Sü 273), which increases in higher concentrations and is followed by a negative-inotropic action with contracture of the muscle. Sü 379 has similar actions on the papillary muscle of the cat, but not Sü 273. Both compounds are digitalis like in the Langendorff-heart-preparation and in the heart-lung-preparation of the guinea-pig. With infusions a lethal dosis according to Hatcher can be determined in guinea-pigs. Sü 379 is as effective as g-Strophanthine, Sü 273 about 5 times less. In cats with spontaneous respiration a Hatcher-dosis can be determined only with Sü 379. This is not possible with Sü 273 since it leads first to a standstill of the respiration. During the infusion the ECG is changing quite similar as after digitalis. The bradycardia is less pronounced and only significant in the later period of the intoxication. In guinea-pigs a digitalis like cumulation can be demonstrated with both compounds, Sü 273 cumulates stronger than Sü 379.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 1. Es wird über die pharmakologischen und toxikologischen Eigenschaften von Prednison- und Prednisolon-3,20-bisguanylhydrazon (Sü 273 und Sü 379 BAYER) berichtet. Die beiden Verbindungen sind Vertreter einer neuen, 1961 in Zusammendarbeit mit S. Schütz aufgefundenen Stoffklasse, deren Angehörige den Glykosiden und Geninen der Digitalis pharmakologisch zum Teil so nahestehen wie keine bisher bekannten synthetischen Substanzen. 2. Am isolierten Froschherzen bewirken sie einen systolischen Herzstillstand; die Zeit bis zu dessen Eintritt hängt von der Konzentration der Stoffe ab. Am isolierten Meerschweinchenvorhof und am isolierten Meerschweinchenpapillarmuskel haben beide Stoffe eine positiv-inotrope Wirkung bei 10−8 (Sü 379) bzw. 10−7 (Sü 273), die sich in höheren Konzentrationen verstärkt und schließlich in eine negativ-inotrope Wirkung mit Stillstand in Kontraktur umschlägt. Die positiv-inotrope Wirkung wird durch Reserpinvorbehandlung und Dichlorisoproterenol nicht beeinflußt. Das isolierte Gewebe des Katzenherzens reagiert nur auf Sü 379 positiv-inotrop in nahezu gleicher Stärke wie am Meerschweinchen, Sü 273 ist praktisch unwirksam. Am Langendorff-Herz und am Herz-Lungenpräparat des Meerschweinchens verhalten sich beide Verbindungen ebenfalls wie Digitalis. Beide Stoffe ergeben bei Dauerinfusion am Meerschweinchen eine zeitlose tödliche Dosis; während der Intoxikation treten Veränderungen des EKG auf, die mit denen nach Digitalis übereinstimmen. Die Kumulation der toxischen Wirkung (Meerschweinchen) ist bei Sü 273 wesentlich stärker ausgeprägt als bei Sü 379. Die toxische Wirkung von g-Strophanthin addiert sich zu der von Sü 273 und Sü 379 hinzu. Bei Katze, Hund und Ratte kommt es bei der Dauerinfusion von Sü 273 zuerst zum Atemstillstand. Mit Sü 379 läßt sich auch bei der spontan atmenden Katze ein Hatcher-Titer bestimmen; das Herz ist primum moriens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 251 (1965), S. 183-184 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 262 (1969), S. 189-196 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Antihypertensive Activity ; Methyldopa ; Reserpine ; Guanacline ; Drug Combinations ; Biometrics ; Antihypertensive Wirkung ; Methyldopa ; Reserpin ; Guanacline ; Kombinationen ; Biometrie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird über eine Methode berichtet, die bei der Prüfung von Arzneimittelkombinationen die Bestimmung der biometrisch definierten relativen Kombinationswirksamkeit gestattet. Untersucht wurden an Ratten mit experimentellem renalen Hochdruck Kombinationen von antihypertensiv wirksamen Stoffen. Die Kombinationen α-Methyldopa-Guanacline und Reserpin-Guanacline wirkten signifikant überadditiv, die Kombination α-Methyldopa-Reserpin allenfalls additiv.
    Notes: Summary A new method is described which permits the determination of the biometrically defined relative combined activity of drug combinations. Combinations of substances with antihypertensive action were investigated on rats with experimental renal hypertension. The effects of the combinations α-methyldopa-guanacline and reserpine-guanacline were significantly more than additive, the effect of the combination α-methyldopa-reserpine was at most, additive.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 241 (1961), S. 383-392 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A method is described for measuring the motility in mice. In particular, the following points are stressed: 1. High degrees of sedation or excitation could not be recorded. This led to asymmetric distribution curves which interfered with the statistical evaluation of the results. It is shown how the consequences of this technical limitation can be eliminated mathematically. 2. In spite of this correction, the effect of stimulating or sedating substances depended upon the degree of activity of the controls. 3. When food was withdrawn for 24 hours, the motility of mice was increased so much that sedating compounds could be tested without the additional application of stimulating drugs. 4. Hexobarbital and paraldehyde lowered the high locomotor activity offasting mice, whereas they were nearly ineffective against the excitation provoked by methamphetamine or coffeine.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wird eine Methode zur Messung der Motilität an Mäusen beschrieben und dabei auf folgende Gesichtspunkte hingewiesen: 1. Wenn man sehr starke Grade von Erregung und Sedation bei der Beobachtung nicht erfassen kann, so wird die Verteilungskurve der Motilitätswerte schief, was eine statistische Auswertung erschwert. Es wird ein Verfahren angegeben, wie man auf rechnerischem Wege die Folgen dieser Einschränkung eliminieren kann. 2. Trotz dieser Korrektur ist die Wirkung erregender oder sedierender Substanzen von der Ausgangslage abhängig. 3. Nach 24 stündigem Futterentzug ist die Motilität von Mäusen so stark erhöht, daß sie sich ohne Gabe erregender Pharmaka für die Prüfung sedierender Substanzen eignen. 4. Hexobarbital und Paraldehyd senken die erhöhte Aktivität nüchterner Mäuse, sind aber gegen eine durch Methamphetamin oder Coffein verursachte Erregung wenig wirksam.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 246 (1963), S. 11-12 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 245 (1963), S. 518-532 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary 1. On the isolated frog heart and on constant infusion in cats, guinea-pigs and pigeons equimolar doses of lanadoxin (16-formyl-gitoxigenin-monodigitoxosid) and gitaloxin (16-formyl-gitoxigenin-tridigitoxosid) were equitoxic. 2. Assays of the duration of cardiotoxic activity gave contradictory results, depending on the method employed. The lethal doses in cats determined by constant infusion and by a single injection were practically identical. This and the comparatively short survival after injection of a threshold lethal dose indicated a short, the considerable cumulation on repeated administration a long duration of activity. In guinea-pigs, there was a discrepancy between the rapid decrease of the oversensitivity to cardiac glycosides after a single injection and the cumulation on repeated administration. In spite of the consequent difficulties in interpretation it can be stated that the effects of lanadoxin lasted longer than those of digitoxigenin-monodigitoxosid (Dt 21). 3. Lanadoxin was well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Lanadoxin war im akuten Versuch auf molarer Basis bei Katzen, Meerschweinchen, Tauben und am isolierten Froschherzen gleich wirksam wie Gitaloxin. Versuche, mit mehreren Methoden die Wirkungsdauer zu bestimmen, lieferten widersprechende Ergebnisse. Der geringe Abstand zwischen akuter und zeitloser tödlicher Dosis und die kurze Überlebensdauer nach Injektion der dosis letalis minima bei der Katze sprachen für eine kurze, die starke Kumulationsneigung für eine lange Wirkungsdauer. Außerdem bestand beim Meerschweinchen ein Widerspruch zwischen dem raschen Abklingen der Überempfindlichkeit nach einmaliger und der fortschreitenden Vergiftung bei wiederholter Gabe. Trotz dieser widersprechenden Ergebnisse kann als gesichert angesehen werden, daß Lanadoxin (Gitaloxigenin-Monodigitoxosid) länger wirkt als Digitoxigenin-Monodigitoxosid (Dt 21). Lanadoxin wurde bei enteraler Gabe gut resorbiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 247 (1964), S. 339-341 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 241 (1961), S. 512-513 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 243 (1962), S. 36-43 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. In spinal cats Guanethidine inhibits polysynaptic and monosynaptic reflexes. The inhibition reaches its maximum after 10–20 min after i.v. injection of Guanethidine and lasts for several hours, whereas the simultaneously registered contraction of the M. gastrocnemius on the other leg, evoced by stimulation of the peripheral stump of the N. ischiadicus, is depressed transiently and to a smaller extent. 2. After intraarterial injection of Guanethidine into the A. femoralis, the muscle contractions elicited by nervous or reflex stimulation are inhibited at once and to the same extent. 3. The effect of nervous stimulation is inhibited by smaller doses of Guanethidine injected intraarterially than that of direct stimulation of the muscle. This difference in response cannot be observed significantly in the isolated diaphragm preparation of rats. 4. In curarized spinal cats the contractions of the directly stimulated muscle are still depressed by guanethidine. 5. The results are discussed with respect to the sites of action of Guanethidine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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