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  • 1
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Dopamine receptors ; octurnal myoclonus ; PMS ; SPET
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Periodic movements in sleep (PMS) can cause severe sleep disturbances. We investigated the central dopamine D2 receptor density in patients with PMS with123I-IBZM and single photon emission tomography (SPET). In PMS there was a lower123I-IBZMbinding in the basal ganglia compared tothe control group. The results indicate a loss of central D2 receptors in PMS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0165-1781
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 234 (1987), S. 103-106 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Mollaret's meningitis ; Immunocytology ; Monocytes ; Helper/suppressor ratio
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Mollaret's meningitis is a rare clinical entity consisting of recurrent attacks of meningeal irritation, which, after a sudden onset, last for a few days. The prognosis appears to be excellent, although the aetiology has not been established. In the CSF so-called endothelial cells are a typical finding, but their classification is not yet clear. In the present case immunocytological examination of CSF cells revealed that the so-called Mollaret cells are monocytes. The time course of changes in helper/suppressor ratio is similar to that in other infectious diseases of the central nervous system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Internist 41 (2000), S. 538-543 
    ISSN: 1432-1289
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Depression ; Demenz ; Suizid ; Angehörige
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Zum Thema Sowohl von der Prävalenz als auch von der sozioökonomischen Bedeutung sind Demenzen und Depressionen die beiden psychiatrischen Haupterkrankungen im Alter. Sie sind auch vergleichsweise am besten untersucht, während z. B. zu Sucht- oder Angsterkrankungen wenig Untersuchungen vorliegen. Im Vergleich zu anderen Altersgruppen findet sich sowohl in der Praxis als auch in der Forschung ein Ungleichgewicht zu Ungunsten der Psychotherapie. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt, dass einerseits die Pharmakotherapie wegen der physiologischen Veränderungen im Alter und der häufig vorhandenen somatischen Komorbidität mit Polypharmakotherapie oft problematisch ist. Andererseits zeigt dagegen die Psychotherapie oft, zumindest für Therapeuten, die sich mit dieser Altersgruppe nicht beschäftigt haben, primär nicht erwartete Behandlungserfolge.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 246 (1996), S. 305-309 
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Sleep disturbance ; Methadone ; Naltrexone ; Opioid-dopamine interaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Previous studies have described sleep disturbance secondary to chronic opiate use and abuse. Drug-dependency insomnia is of interest because chronic sleep disturbances can promote depressive symptoms which could lead to a drug relapse. For the first time we compared the polysomnographic parameters of 10 methadone-substituted outpatients and 10 naltrexone-treated outpatients. Methadone (μ-opioid agonist) produced a marked fragmentation of the sleep architecture with frequent awakenings and a decrease in EEG arousals. In comparison with methadone and controls, the naltrexone (μ-opioid antagonist) group showed the shortest sleep latency and the longest total sleep time. These data indicate that μ-agonists and μ-antagonists have different effects on sleep. The implications, especially the involvement of opioid-dopamine interactions on sleep and movements during sleep, are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Nocturnal myoclonus syndrome (NMS) ; Restless-legs syndrome (RLS) ; [123I]IBZM ; SPET ; Dopamine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The nocturnal myoclonus syndrome (NMS) consists of stereotyped, repetitive jerks of the lower limbs that occur during sleep or wakefulness. NMS is often related with restless-legs syndrome (RLS) and can cause severe sleep disturbances and daytime sleepiness. The efficacy of dopamine agonists in the treatment points to a dopaminergic dysfunction in NMS. We investigated the central dopamine D2-receptor occupancy with [123I] labeled (S)-2-hydroxy-3-iodo-6-methoxy-([1-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinyl]methyl) benzamide (IBZM) (a highly selective CNS D2 dopamine receptor ligand) ([123I]IBZM) and single photon emission tomography (SPET) in 20 patients with NMS and in 10 healthy controls. In most of the patients with NMS there was a lower [123I]IBZM binding in the striatal structures compared to controls. The results indicate that NMS is related to a decrease of central D2-receptor occupancy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Infection 19 (1991), S. S29 
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary This review concerns central nervous system side effects of different antibacterial agents. Special attention is focussed on the new quinolone derivatives, penicillins and cephalosporins. As far as possible, mechanisms of action are discussed as well as therapeutic regimens.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Diese Übersichtsarbeit beschäftigt sich mit den zentralnervösen Nebenwirkungen verschiedener Antibiotika. Besondere Aufmerksamkeit wird dabei den neuen Chinolonderivaten, den Penicillinen und Cephalosporinen gewidmet. Wirkmechanismen werden — soweit sie bisher geklärt werden konnten — diskutiert, ebenso wie therapeutische Möglichkeiten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of nuclear medicine 15 (1989), S. 764-766 
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Brain ; Neuro-Behçet syndrome ; Positron emission tomography ; Magnetic resonance ; Vasculitis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies were performed on a case of neuro-Behçet's syndrome. In accordance with the clinical signs, FDG PET (using18F-labeled 2-F-2′-desoxyglucose) revealed disseminated storage defects in the cerebrum and cerebellum. Focal regions of enhanced signal intensity were demonstrated in the parietal white matter of the cerebrum in T2-weighted images and in the brain stem by MRI.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für Gerontologie + Geriatrie 32 (1999), S. 153-158 
    ISSN: 0044-281X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Demenz – Verhaltensstörungen – Psychopharmaka ; Key words Dementia – behavioral disorders – psychotropic drugs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Behavioral disorders in dementia are common and are the most important symptoms with regard to socio-economic burden. Up to now there is no common international agreement of how to define and measure these disorders. Antidementia trials focus mainly on cognition. Investigations of neurobiological corrolaries of disturbed behavior in the dementias are rare. The same holds true for studies on the longitudinal course of behavioral disorders and their interrelation. Many symptoms may be the expression of variable conditions, e.g., agitation may be related to anxiety or akathisia. In primary care, hospitals and nursing homes, antipsychotics are most often chosen for their treatment. The available data demonstrate at least a modest efficacy. New neuroleptics (risperidone, clozapine, olanzapine) offer some advantages with regard to the risk benefit ratio. Benzodiazepines are frequently prescribed, but seem to be superior to neuroleptics only for the treatment of sleep disorders. Antidepressants, carbamazepine or valproic acid offer some benefits, but do not provide immediate effects, which may the reason why they are used much less. For long-term treatment of many behavioral symptoms, they may however be superior. Drugs should also be chosen with regard to dementia etiology. For example, physicians should consider the high neuroleptic sensitivity in dementia of Lewy body type and the anticholinergic sensitivity in dementia of Alzheimer type. Empirical evidence indicates overtreatment of the demented population with sedating psychotropic drugs. With regard to the instability of behavioral disorders in the time course the necessity of drug treatment should always be (re)evaluated.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Verhaltensstörungen sind die sozioökonomisch bedeutsamsten Symptome von Demenzerkrankungen. Es ist jedoch bis heute kein allgemein akzeptierter Konsens erreicht worden, wie sie operationalisiert und quantifiziert werden sollen. Auch finden sich nur wenige Untersuchungen zu neurobiologischen Korrelaten gestörten Verhaltens bei diesen Patienten. In der Versorgung werden diese Symptome mehrheitlich mit Neuroleptika behandelt, die hier ihr Haupteinsatzgebiet haben. Die Autoren plädieren für den differenzierten – sowohl nach der Art und Schwere der Symptome als auch nach der Art der Demenz – Einsatz der heute zur Verfügung stehenden Pharmaka. In Anbetracht der oft nur kurzfristigen Symptomatik sollte in regelmäßigen Abständen die Notwendigkeit der Therapie überprüft werden, im Zweifel durch einen Reduktions- bzw. Absetzversuch.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Reproduktionsmedizin 16 (2000), S. 253-260 
    ISSN: 1434-808X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter ; Depressionen • Schlafstörungen • Sexualität • Hormontherapie • Einstellung zu Menopause ; Keywords ; Depression • Sleep disorders • Sexuality • Hormone therapy • Attitudes towards menopause
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract During the menopausal transition biological and psychosocial factors are closely interrelated. The retrospective view on the previous life span and the attitudes towards the menopause influence the severity of climacteric complaints and symptoms as well as the acceptance of hormone therapy. Most women use hormones to suppress symptoms and not to prevent e. g. osteroporosis. Depressive symptoms become more frequent, however, more than half of the variance results from psychosocial factors and a positive history of depression. Sleep disturbances increase and can only in part be explained as the result of vasomotor symptoms or as correlates of depression. Sexual activity often changes. However, subjective feelings of being attractive and/or the quality of partnership are more important than the widely discussed genital atrophy and dyspareunia. Hormone therapy should be restricted to cases with objective vaginal atrophy. Sleep disturbances frequently respond to hormones, as well as minor depressive symptoms. More pronounced depressive syndromes should be referred to “classical” psychological and psychopharmacological treatments. Results obtained in studies with surgical menopause must not be easily generalized to women with a natural menopause.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In den Wechseljahren sind biologische und psychosoziale Faktoren eng miteinander verknüpft. Die Bilanzierung des bisherigen Lebens oder auch die Vorstellungen von der Menopause beeinflussen das Ausmaß klimakterischer Beschwerden und die Bereitschaft zu einer Hormonbehandlung. Letztere wird von den Frauen überwiegend zur symptomatischen Behandlung eingesetzt. Depressive Verstimmungen werden häufiger, jedoch erkranken vorwiegend Frauen mit einer anamnestisch höheren Vulnerabilität für Depressionen. Schlafstörungen nehmen zu und sind nur teilweise als Folge vasomotorischer Symptome oder im Zusammenhang mit Depressionen zu sehen. Die sexuelle Aktivität verändert sich, jedoch spielen hier Aspekte der erlebten Attraktivität und die Qualität der Paarbeziehung eine größere Rolle als die immer wieder diskutierte Dyspareunie. Hormontherapien sind außer zur Behandlung einer objektivierten Schleimhautatrophie nicht zur Behandlung von Sexualstörungen zu empfehlen. Schlafstörungen verbessern sich bei vielen Frauen unter einer Hormonbehandlung. Bei depressiven Verstimmungen sind „klassische“ psychotherapeutische und -pharmakologische Therapien Mittel der Wahl. Allgemein können bei „künstlich“ menopausalen Frauen erzielte Effekte nicht ohne Überprüfung auf natürlich menopausale Frauen übertragen werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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