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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies Against Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 47 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Monoclonal antibodies against myelin-associated glycoprotein were generated by fusing mouse myeloma cells with spleen lymphocytes from BALB/c mice immunized with human myelin-associated glycoprotein purified from CNS myelin. Three groups of antibodies were identified: IgG antibodies recognizing the polypeptide moiety and IgG and IgM antibodies recognizing the carbohydrate moiety of the intact molecule. Properties of these antibodies were examined with sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and the immunostaining technique using human CNS and peripheral nerve myelin, and ganglioside fractions isolated from human brain and peripheral nerve, and with immunohistochemical staining of human peripheral nerves. Part of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells was stained with the antibodies against the carbohydrate moiety, but not with IgG antibodies recognizing the polypeptide moiety. Natural killer activity was partially reduced after treatment of human peripheral blood lymphocytes with an IgM antibody and complement in vitro. The possibility that anti-myelin-associated glycoprotein antibodies might play a role in the pathogenesis of demyelinating diseases through modification of natural killer activity is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb13104.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide Causes Ca2+ Release from Ryanodine/Caffeine Stores Through a Novel Pathway Independent of Both Inositol Trisphosphates and Cyclic AMP in Bovine Adrenal Medullary Cells (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 70 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) causes both Ca2+ release and Ca2+ influx in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells. To elucidate the mechanisms of PACAP-induced Ca2+ release, we investigated expression of PACAP receptors and measured inositol trisphosphates (IP3), cyclic AMP, and the intracellular Ca2+ concentration in bovine adrenal medullary cells maintained in primary culture. RT-PCR analysis revealed that bovine adrenal medullary cells express the PACAP receptor hop, which is known to couple with both IP3 and cyclic AMP pathways. The two naturally occurring forms of PACAP, PACAP38 and PACAP27, both increased cyclic AMP and IP3, and PACAP38 was more potent than PACAP27 in both effects. Despite the effects of PACAP on IP3 production, the Ca2+ release induced by PACAP38 or by PACAP27 was unaffected by cinnarizine, a blocker of IP3 channels. The potencies of the peptides to cause Ca2+ release in the presence of cinnarizine were similar. The Ca2+ release induced by PACAP38 or by PACAP27 was strongly inhibited by ryanodine and caffeine. In the presence of ryanodine and caffeine, PACAP38 was more potent than PACAP27. PACAP-induced Ca2+ release was unaffected by Rp-adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphothioate, an inhibitor of protein kinase A. Ca2+ release induced by bradykinin and angiotensin II was also inhibited by ryanodine and caffeine, but unaffected by cinnarizine. Although IP3 production stimulated by PACAP38 or bradykinin was abolished by the phospholipase C inhibitor, U-73122, Ca2+ release in response to the peptides was unaffected by U-73122. These results suggest that PACAP induces Ca2+ release from ryanodine/caffeine stores through a novel intracellular mechanism independent of both IP3 and cyclic AMP and that the mechanism may be the common pathway through which peptides release Ca2+ in adrenal chromaffin cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998.70041652.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ionotropic and Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Agonist-Induced [Ca2+]i Increase in Isolated Rat Supraoptic Neurons (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd, UK
    Journal of neuroendocrinology 10 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2826
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In the present study, the effects of glutamate and of agonists for ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors on intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) were investigated in neurons of the rat supraoptic nucleus (SON). We used the intracellular Ca2+ imaging technique with fura-2, in single magnocellular neurons dissociated from the SON of rats. Glutamate (10−6−10−4 M) evoked a dose-dependent increase in [Ca2+]i. The glutamate agonists exerted similar effects, although with some differences in the characteristics of their responses. The [Ca2+]i response to NMDA was smaller than those of glutamate or the non-NMDA receptor agonists, AMPA and kainate, but was significantly enhanced by the removal of extracellular Mg2+. Glutamate, as well as quisqualate, an agonist for both ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors, evoked a [Ca2+]i increase in a Ca2+-free condition, suggesting Ca2+ release from intracellular Ca2+ stores. This was further evidenced by [Ca2+]i increases in response to a more selective metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist, t-ACPD, in the absence of extracellular Ca2+. Furthermore, the quisqualate-induced Ca2+ release was abolished by the selective metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist, (S)-4-carboxyphenylglycine. The results suggest that metabotropic glutamate receptors as well as non-NMDA and NMDA receptors are present in the SON neurons, and that activation of the first leads to Ca2+ release from intracellular Ca2+ stores and the activation of the latter two types induces Ca2+ entry. These dual mechanisms of Ca2+ signalling may play a role in the regulation of SON neurosecretory cells by glutamate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2826.1998.00219.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PACAP Increases the Cytosolic Ca2−/ Concentration and Stimulates Somatodendritic Vasopresson Release in Rat Supraoptic Neurons (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neuroendocrinology 10 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2826
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP)-like immunoreactivity and its receptor mRNA have been reported in the supraoptic and the paraventricular nucleus (SON and PVN, respectively) and PACAP has been implicated in the regulation of magnocellular neurosecretory cell function. To examine the site and the mechanism of the action of PACAP in the neurosecretory cells, we measured AVP release from SON slice preparations and the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) from single dissociated SON neurons. PACAP at concentrations from 10−12 to 10−7 M increased [Ca2+]i in dissociated SON neurons in a dose-dependent manner. The patterns of the PACAP-induced [Ca2+]i increase were either sustained increase or cytosolic Ca2+ oscillations. PACAP (10−7 M) increased [Ca2+]i in 27 of 27 neurons and glutamate (10−4 M) increased [Ca2+]i in 19 of 19 SON neurons examined, whereas angiotensin II (10−7 M) increased [Ca2+]i in only 15 of 60 SON neurons examined. PACAP at lower concentrations (10−10 to 10−8 M) increased [Ca2+]i in 70–80% of neurons examined. Although the onset and recovery of the PACAP-induced [Ca2+]i increase were slower than those observed with glutamate, the spatial distribution of the [Ca2+]i increases in response to the two ligands were similar: [Ca2+]i increase at the proximal dendrites was larger and faster and that at the center of the soma was smaller and slower. The PACAP-induced [Ca2+]i responseswere abolished by extracellular Ca2+ removal, the l-type Ca2+-channel blocker, nicardipine, or by replacement of extracellular Na+ with N-methyl d-glucamine, and were partially inhibited by the Na+-channel blocker, tetrodotoxin. The N-type Ca2+-channel blocker, ω-conotoxin GVIA did not significantly inhibit the PACAP-induced [Ca2+]i responses. Furthermore, PACAP (10−7 M) as well as glutamate (10−4 M) increased AVP release from SON slice preparations, and extracellular Ca2+ removal or nicardipine inhibited the AVP release in response to PACAP.These results indicate that PACAP enhances Ca2+ entry via voltage-gated Ca2+ channels and increases [Ca2+]i, which, in turn, stimulates somatodendritic vasopressin release by directly activating PACAP receptors on SON neurons. The results also suggest that PACAP in the SON may play a pivotal role in the control of the neurohypophyseal function at the level of the soma or the dendrites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2826.1998.00168.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enamel fluoride uptake from mouthrinse solutions with different NaF concentrations (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Community dentistry and oral epidemiology 30 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract –Objectives: The influence on enamel fluoride uptake of reducing the NaF concentration of a mouthrinse solution by half, from 0.05–0.025%, was examined in elementary school children.Methods: The participatory elementary school had employed school-based fluoride mouthrinse with 0.05% NaF solution since 1983, and in 1993, the NaF content was lowered to 0.025%. Dental examination and enamel biopsy of maxillary central incisors were performed just before the NaF content reduction for children who had received the daily 0.05% NaF mouthrinse for 2–5 years since 6 years of age. During 1993–95, dental examination and enamel biopsy were undertaken for newly enrolled 6-year-old children, and the same subjects were re-examined after 2 years. The same series of examinations were conducted for the control group, which consisted of children belonging to another elementary school without a fluoride program.Results: The enamel fluoride concentration of 8-year-old children who used the 0.025% NaF mouthrinse for 2 years was 1810 ± 535 ppm, reaching the same order as that in children who continued using the 0.05% NaF mouthrinse (1863 ± 1358 ppm), and was significantly higher than that of children without fluoride programs (1113 ± 303 ppm). There was no considerable increase of mean DMFT values due to the NaF content reduction.Conclusions: It was concluded that a daily 0.025% NaF mouthrinse provides the similar fluoride content for enamel as 0.05% NaF mouthrinse as long as the rinsing frequency is maintained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0528.2002.00042.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    RELATIONSHIP OF CIGARETTE SMOKING TO BLOOD PRESSURE AND SERUM LIPIDS AND LIPOPROTEINS IN MEN (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 23 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. The relationship of cigarette smoking to blood pressure and serum lipids and lipoproteins was studied in 7608 men, ranging from 40 to 59 years of age. Analyses were performed separately for non-drinkers and drinkers.2. After adjusting age and body mass index (BMI) in non-drinkers and age, BMI and alcohol intake in drinkers in forward stepwise multiple regression analysis, there was a dose-dependent negative relationship between cigarette smoking and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), regardless of drinking habit. There was a dose-dependent positive relationship between cigarette smoking and the ratio of total cholesterol (TC) to HDL-C (TC:HDL-C) in non-drinkers, but not in drinkers. There was a dose-dependent negative relationship between cigarette smoking and TC and a positive relationship between cigarette smoking and triglycerides (TG) in drinkers, but not in non-drinkers.3. After matching age and BMI in non-drinkers, subjects who smoked more than 30 cigarettes/day had significantly lower mean values of systolic blood pressure (SBP; 4.3%; P〈0.05), DBP (3.0%;P〈0.01) and HDL-C (15.5%;P〈0.01) and higher mean values of TC:HDL-C (25.0%;P〈0.01), TG (46.8%; P〈0.01) and β-lipoprotein (12.0%; P〈0.01) than non-smokers. In drinkers, after matching age, BMI, and alcohol intake, subjects who smoked more than 30 cigarettes/day had significantly lower mean values of SBP (2.8%; P〈0.05), DBP (4.8%; P〈0.01), HDL-C (17.3%; P〈0.01) and TC (4.4%; P〈0.01) and higher mean values of TC:HDL-C (15.4%; P〈0.01) and TG (45.1%;P〈0.01) than non-smokers.4. Although the results are somewhat variable, the present study reveals that cigarette smoking is negatively associated with SBP and DBP and unfavourably associated with lipids and lipoproteins, regardless of drinking habit.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.1996.tb02748.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Suppression of aggregate formation and apoptosis by transglutaminase inhibitors in cells expressing truncated DRPLA protein with an expanded polyglutamine stretch (1998)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature genetics 18 (1998), S. 111-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1718
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] To elucidate the molecular mechanisms whereby expanded polyglutamine stretches elicit a gain of toxic function, we expressed full-length and truncated DRPLA (dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy) cDNAs with or without expanded CAG repeats in COS-7 cells. We found that truncated DRPLA proteins ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng0298-111
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The polystyrene affinity of methylglycosides, deoxysugars and glucooligosaccharides (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 17 (1988), S. 347-358 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Methylglycosides ; deoxysugars ; glucooligosaccharides ; hydrophobicity ; polystyrene affinity ; partition coefficient ; CH-surface area
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The partition coefficients K av of methylglycopyranosides, deoxysugars and glucooligosaccharides for partition between polystyrene gel and aqueous solvent systems were determined. Each group of sugars showed widely different polystyrene affinities and these affinities increased markedly in NaCl solution but were eliminated in 50% methanol. The K av for methylα-D-mannoside (10.6) was remarkably greater than those of methyl-α-D-glucoside (3.0) and methyl-α-D-galactoside (2.2). Another notable feature was that the polystyrene affinity was affected by the position of the OH-H substitutions in deoxysugars and by the type of the glucosidic linkages of glucodisaccharides. The inspection of the overall K av spectrum together with the accessible surface data of sugar molecules suggests that the hydrophobicity of sugars is determined by a set of several factors including CH-surface area, hydration effect of OH groups and molecular planarity and rigidity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00650415
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The evidence of human herpesvirus 6 infection in the lymph nodes of Hodgkin's disease (1993)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 423 (1993), S. 71-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Human herpesvirus 6 ; Epstein-Barr virus ; Hodgkin's disease ; In situ hybridization ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), the causative agent of exanthem subitum, has been implicated in other diseases. Recently HHV-6-specific sequences have been detected by Southern blot analysis and polymerase chain reaction in the lymph nodes of three patients with Hodgkin's disease. The pathological localization of HHV-6, however, is still unknown. In order to study the pathological role of HHV-6 in Hodgkin's disease, we investigated, by immunohistochemical and molecular methods, two lymph node biopsies taken from a 7-year-old boy with Hodgkin's disease during the course of disease evolution. Although the histopathological findings of the first biopsy differed from those of the second, HHV-6 antigens and sequences could be detected in both lymph nodes by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, respectively. HHV-6 was localized in macrophages, predominantly in lymphoid follicles, but not in ReedSternberg cells. Antibody titres to HHV-6 were consistent with reactivation of latency. Neither cytomegalovirus nor Epstein-Barr virus was present. Our data suggest a role for HHV-6 in the pathogenesis of Hodgkin's disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01606435
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    4H Silicon Carbide Etching Using Chlorine Trifluoride Gas (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 600-603 (Sept. 2008), p. 655-658 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The etching technology for 4H-silicon carbide (SiC) was studied using ClF3 gas at673-973K, 100 % and atmospheric pressure in a horizontal reactor. The etch rate, greater than 10um/min, can be obtained for both the C-face and Si-face at substrate temperatures higher than 723K. The etch rate increases with the increasing ClF3 gas flow rate. The etch rate of the Si-face issmaller than that of the C-face. The etched surface of the Si-face shows many hexagonal-shapedetch pits. The C-face after the etching is very smooth with a very small number of round shapedshallow pits. The average roughness of the etched surface tends to be small at the highertemperatures
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/20/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.600-603.655.pdf
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