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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of the Common Immunodominant Antigenic Determinant in the Lipopolysaceharide of Bacteroides fragilis by a Monoclonal Antibody (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 25 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The target determinant of a monoclonal antibody (MoAb) to Bacieroides fragilis lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was characterized by inhibition enzyme immunoassay (EIA), inimunoblotting (IB), immunofluorescence technique (IF) and electron immunocytochemical (EIC) technique. The MoAb has been shown to react positively with 96+ of B. fragilis isolates. LPS preparations from 14 different B. fragilis strains were tested by EIA and IB. Two LPS preparations did not react in any of the tests. In both preparations the o-galactose was either lacking or present in low amount compared with the other LPSs. In addition, inhibition experiments with synthetic disaccharides confirmed that the target determinant is composed of β-l, 6-iinked galactose disaccharide. EIC showed that the target of the LPS-MoAb is located on the surface of the outer membrane. These results show that the galactose chain present in LPS isolated from most B. fragilis strains contains the immunodominant antigenic determinant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1987.tb02218.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sublethal Concentrations of Complement Can Effectively Opsonize Borrelia burgdorferi (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 56 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The fate of borreliae invading a human may depend on the early innate response they induce. The interactions of human complement system and neutrophils with two strains of the Lyme borreliosis spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi were studied. Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto B31 (resistant to a 28% concentration of normal human serum (NHS)) and Borrelia garinii Bg Å218/98 (sensitive to 7% NHS) were examined. Both strains induced neutrophil oxidative burst in a complement-dependent manner. B31 required the presence of 7% NHS, but Bg Å218/98 required the presence of only 0.7% NHS for optimal induction of the burst. At all concentrations of NHS, the proportion of the spirochetes with C3bi on their surfaces and the relative amount of C3bi bound per spirochete were larger with Bg Å218/98 than with B31. Bg Å218/98 was able to induce an oxidative burst, when provided with serum with blocked classical pathway of complement, whereas B31 required the presence of the classical pathway. We suggest a role for the opsonizing effect of complement in controlling borreliae that are either resistant to direct killing by complement or located in the compartments of the human body at sublethal concentrations of the same.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.2002.01171.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Preimmunization with Native and Methylated Carrier on Class-Specific Anti-Hapten and Anti-Carrier Antibody Response (1977)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 6 (1977), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Effects of priming with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and methylated USA (MBSA) on the primary anti-2,4-dinitrophenyl (DNP) response were studied in the chicken. A new radioimmunoassay of class-specific antibodies (RIACA) was used to quantitate IgM and IgG antibodies against BSA and DNP. The anti-DNP antibody response after priming with BSA was dose-dependent: large doses of USA suppressed and the smallest dose augmented it. In contrast, no dose dependence was observed between MBSA and the anti-hapten response. All doses of MBSA enhanced the primary anti-DNP antibody response of both immuno-globulin classes. No corresponding differences in anti-BSA antibodies were observed between BSA- and MBSA-primed groups. This suggests that the anti-carrier antibodies as such are not the agent suppressing the anti-hapten response when large doses of native carrier are used for priming. A more probable explanation of this phenomenon is a competition between carrier-specific B cell and hapten-specific B cells for common T cells. A less obvious explanation is the generation of more helper cells or less suppressor cells when priming with MBSA than with BSA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1977.tb00394.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alkaline Phosphatase in the Developing Bursa of Fabricius (1977)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 6 (1977), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The ontogeny of alkaline phosphatase in the bursa of Fabricius was Studied by histochemical and biochemical methods. According to the quantitative determinations, the activity of alkaline phosphatase increased from the 11th to 17th day of incubation—that is, during the time of the lymphoid follicle formation in the developing bursa. The activity was localized in the mesenchymal tissue surrounding the lymphoid follicles. Testosterone given in ova prevented the appearance of alkaline phosphatase in the bursal mesenchyme but had no effect on the activity of the embryonic liver. In contrast, in ova treatment with cyclophosphamide had no effect on the alkaline phosphatase in the bursa. By using transplantation of embryonic bursal stem cells, it was further shown that, in contrast to cyclophosphamide, testosterone destroys the capacity of the bursa to serve as a differentiation site for the B-cell lineage. The results indicate that testosterone affects the stromal cells of the bursa, whereas cyclophosphamide destroys only the lymphoid population undergoing differentiation and leaves the bursal stroma intact.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1977.tb00383.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interaction Between Borrelia burgdorferi and Immature Human Dendritic Cells (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 58 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Antigen uptake and the following maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) are pivotal to the initiation of specific antimicrobial immune responses. DCs also play an important role in the recruitment and activation of the cells of the innate immune system. We have examined the interactions of DCs with Borrelia burgdorferi to find explanations for the difficulties the human immune system has in dealing with the bacterium. Phagocytosis of B. burgdorferi by immature DCs and the effect of the bacterium on the maturation and interleukin-8 (IL-8) secretion of DCs were studied. Borreliae were phagocytized and processed into fragments by DCs; narrow tube-like pseudopods and broad pseudopods were used for the engulfment. The immature DC population gained a heterogeneous appearance within 2 h of incubation with the borreliae. A 24 h coculture with borreliae induced maturation and IL-8 secretion in the DCs in a manner comparable with the effect of lipopolysaccharides. All strains studied, including a mutant strain lacking outer surface proteins A and B, were capable of inducing these responses. Thus, our results did not show any clear inadequacy concerning the way DCs are dealing with B. burgdorferi. However, further studies on the subject are required.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.2003.01284.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stress caused by the ‘mark-recapture’ method to Coregonus albula (L) (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 14 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The aim of this study was to establish if capture and marking caused stress to C. albula, and if a ‘mark-recapture’ method was suitable for the estimation of a population of C. albula. The blood lactate and glucose levels and the liver and muscle glycogen content were determined during the initial handling and subsequent recovery of the fish in the autumn and spring.The blood lactate content did not increase to the critical level. Usually the values were distinctly less than 100 mg %, but the blood glucose content increased throughout the whole experiment (24 h) until it reached 250 mg %. The glycogen content in liver and muscle decreased. The liver glycogen of female C. albula was below 0·3 % in autumn, while the values for males were 3–5 %. In spring, the corresponding values were about 0·5 % in both sexes. During handling, the critical period was when the glycogen reserves in the liver became negligible, and female C. albula in autumn had the greatest risk of dying because of their low liver glycogen content.Spring seemed to be a better season for marking than the autumn. A steady increase in blood glucose indicated there was also stress in spring and the marking time in both seasons should be less than two hours.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1979.tb03559.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Allergenic cross-reactivity of yeasts (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 43 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Yeast allergen extracts of Candida albicans, C. pseudotropicalis, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, C. guilliermondi, C. humicola, C. norwegica, C. utilis, Cryptococcus albidus, Geotrichum candidum, Pityrosporon pachydermatis, P. ovale, Rhodotorula minuta, R. rubra, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Torulopsis glabrata and Trichosporon cutaneum were investigated regarding their common allergenic properties. The enzyme immunoassay (EIA) using rabbit anti Candida albicans antiserum showed remarkable immunological cross-reactivity only between the Candida species. However, there was a significant multiple sensitivity to the extracts of C. albicans, C. utilis, Cr. albidus, R. rubra, and S. cerevisiae in skin prick testing in atopic patients, suggesting the possible presence of one or more common skin reactive allergens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1988.tb00418.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Delayed Hypersensitivity Skin Testing of 150 Volunteers (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 40 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We studied skin test reactivity to five commonly used antigens by testing 150 healthy adults. The delayed hypersensitivity (DH) skin test is widely used to assess the immune status of patients. The battery of antigens suitable for use may vary in different countries, but the reactivity to the antigens in our population did not differ remarkably from reports of other authors. The reactivity rates were: Candida 32.7%, mumps 86%, streptokinase-streptodornase (SK-SD) 70%, trichophyton 0% and tuberculin 58.7%. Sixteen of the subjects were retested after 2 weeks. Only eight of them showed unchanged reactions to all five antigens. Specific IgG antibody concentrations measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) against each of the five antigens in the serum of 42 subjects before and after testing showed great inter-individual variation. The antibody concentration did not correlate with the DH skin test results, but the testing itself increased the production of anti-mumps- and anti-SK-SD-antibodies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1985.tb00218.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The gastric evacuation rate of vendace (Coregonus albula L.) larvae predating on zooplankters in the laboratory
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Aquaculture 96 (1991), S. 343-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8486
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(91)90163-2
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Probiotics in the treatment of atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome in infants: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 60 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background:  Probiotic bacteria are suggested to reduce symptoms of the atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome (AEDS) in food-allergic infants. We aimed to investigate whether probiotic bacteria have any beneficial effect on AEDS.Methods:  Follow-up of severity of AEDS by the Severity Scoring of Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) index in 230 infants with suspected cow's milk allergy (CMA) receiving, in a randomized double-blinded manner, concomitant with elimination diet and skin treatment, Lactobacillus GG (LGG), a mixture of four probiotic strains, or placebo for 4 weeks. Four weeks after the treatment, CMA was diagnosed with a double-blind placebo-controlled (DBPC) milk challenge in 120 infants.Results:  In the whole group, mean SCORAD (at baseline 32.5) decreased by 65%, but with no differences between treatment groups immediately or 4 weeks after the treatment. No treatment differences were observed in infants with CMA either. In IgE-sensitized infants, however, the LGG group showed a greater reduction in SCORAD than did the placebo group, −26.1 vs−19.8 (P = 0.036), from baseline to 4 weeks after the treatment. Exclusion of infants who had received antibiotics during the study reinforced the findings in the IgE-sensitized subgroup.Conclusion:  Treatment with LGG may alleviate AEDS symptoms in IgE-sensitized infants but not in non-IgE-sensitized infants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2004.00514.x
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