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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Composition and ecology of the human intestinal flora (1979)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 45 (1979), S. 35-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Longitudinal quantitative cultures of fecal flora of 20 newborns, 4 older babies and 10 healthy adults were carried out to study the composition and development of the intestinal flora. In all newborns the same sequence of colonization was observed. The numbers of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria fluctuated and reached finally numbers of 1010/g wet weight. In adults the flora was in balance with 105–107 aerobic and 1010–1011 anaerobic bacteria/g wet weight. Interaction experiments in vitro showed growth inhibition of Bacteroides fragilis by all intestinal species isolated. Bifidobacteria were not inhibited. The assumption was made that this type of interaction could be one of the mechanisms involved in the intestinal micro-ecology. Three of the Bacteroides fragilis strains tested were able to grow on “natural intestinal substrates” as gastric mucin, glycogen and a variety of plant polysaccharides. Acetic, lactic, propionic and succinic acids were detected as fermentation products.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400776
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A selective medium for the detection and enumeration of clostridia in human faeces (1982)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 48 (1982), S. 205-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00405218
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Agronomical and physiological aspects of the role of nitrogen in yield formation of cereals (1983)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 75 (1983), S. 379-391 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Crop development ; Grain yield ; Nitrogen ; Nitrogen dressing ; Nitrogen economy ; Nitrogen harvest-index ; Soil Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Nitrogen exerts its influence on crop growth and grain yield in various ways. Early top dressings or a high level of soil nitrogen stimulate tiller formation and leaf growth, which results in an increase of shoot dry weight and leaf area index. Late top dressings promote the survival of ear-bearing tillers, grain set and leaf area duration. Nitrogen compounds for grain growth are mainly supplied by the vegetative aerial parts (65–80%); the remainder originating from uptake and relocation by the roots after anthesis. The proportion of the total amount of nitrogen present in the grains, the nitrogen harvest-index, centers around 0.78 under optimum conditions. The recommendations for nitrogen dressing are based on the amount of residual soil nitrogen and on the requirement of the crop in the given environment. Both components may vary considerably due to environmental constraints. Despite inaccuracies in the assessment of mineral nitrogen content of the soil and the predicted nitrogen requirement of the crop, the recommendations for splitting nitrogen dressing in winter wheat have considerably improved the efficient use of nitrogen fertilizer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02369972
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of iron on neonatal gut flora during the first week of life (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 4 (1985), S. 14-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Faecal specimens from 23 infants during the first week of life were compared. Ten infants received breast milk, six received cow-milk preparation supplemented with iron (± 5 mg/l) and seven unfortified cow-milk preparation (iron concentration 〈 0.5 mg/l). Those on breast milk had low faecal pH, high counts of bifidobacteria and low counts ofEnterobacteriaceae, bacteroides and clostridia. Infants receiving fortified cow-milk preparation had a high faecal pH and high counts ofEnterobacteriaceae and putrefactive bacteria such as bacteroides and clostridia. Counts of bifidobacteria were also high. In those on unfortified cow-milk preparation a slow rise was observed in counts ofEnterobacteriaceae followed by an increase in counts and isolation frequency of bifidobacteria: the latter was still rising on day 7. It is concluded that a low iron content in standard preparations of cow's milk enhances resistance of the neonatal gut to colonization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02148653
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis ofEscherichia coli isolates from subjects with travellers' diarrhoea using DNA probes and serotyping (1991)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 10 (1991), S. 625-629 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Escherichia coli isolated from faeces of 54 healthy volunteers who visited Tunisia for eight days were examined. These volunteers participated in a randomized doubleblind placebo-controlled study to establish whether ciprofloxacin could prevent travellers' diarrhoea.Escherichia coli strains isolated before travel, during episodes of travellers' diarrhoea, immediately after return and five weeks after return were serotyped and tested for the presence of virulence genes indicating diarrheogenic properties by hybridization with a set of four non-radioactively labelled DNA probes. Subjects receiving ciprofloxacin prophylactically to prevent travellers' diarrhoea were asymptomatic and noEscherichia coli could be cultured shortly after return home. Sixty-four percent of subjects (18/28) who did not receive antibiotic prophylaxis suffered from travellers' diarrhoea. Hybridization tests detected 8 enterotoxigenicEscherichia coli strains producing heat stable toxin, 13 enterotoxigenic strains producing heat labile toxin and 10 strains which produced both heat labile and stable toxin. Of the 31 probe positive strains, 29 (94 %) were cultured from 11 volunteers with travellers' diarrhoea. A bacterial cause was thus determined in 61 % of the volunteers who experienced travellers' diarrhoea.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01975813
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of iron on neonatal gut flora during the first three months of life (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 4 (1985), S. 273-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To study the effect of milk supplemented with iron on neonatal gut flora, faecal specimens of ten infants receiving breast milk, six receiving a cow-milk preparation supplemented with iron (5 mg/l) and seven receiving the same product without iron supplement (iron concentration 〈0.5 mg/l) were examined during the first 12 weeks of life. In breast-fed infants bifidobacteria was predominant, counts ofEscherichia coli were low, and other bacteria were rarely present. Infants receiving fortified cow-milk preparation had high counts ofEscherichia coli, counts and isolation frequency of bifidobacteria were low and other bacteria were frequently isolated. In those on unfortified cow-milk preparation isolation frequency ofEscherichia coli, bifidobacteria and bacteroides was comparable with that in breast-fed infants; however, counts ofEscherichia coli were high. It is concluded that the faecal flora of infants fed unfortified cow-milk preparation acquires characteristics of that found in breast-fed infants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02013651
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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