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  • 1
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Aims : To determine the impact of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) on the quality of life, to assess changes in the quality of life during treatment with esomeprazole and to define factors that can predict these changes.Methods : Patients with GERD (n = 6215) were included in a prospective cohort study (ProGERD). All patients underwent endoscopy and received esomeprazole. At baseline and after 2 weeks of treatment, symptoms and quality of life were assessed. Factors that influenced changes in the quality of life were determined by multiple regression analyses.Results : At baseline, the quality of life in GERD patients was lower than that in the general population, and was similar to that in patients after acute coronary events. No differences in symptoms or quality of life were observed between the subgroups of patients with non-erosive GERD, erosive GERD and Barrett's oesophagus. After treatment with esomeprazole, the symptoms and quality of life were improved in all subscales within 2 weeks (P 〈 0.001). The mean score of the disease-specific quality of life instrument (Quality of Life in Reflux and Dyspepsia Patients) increased from 4.6 to 6.2 points, representing a highly relevant clinical improvement. The generic quality of life (SF-36) reached levels similar to those in the general population, but, again, no difference was found between the three different subgroups of GERD patients. The main factors associated with an improvement in the quality of life after treatment were symptom relief, severe erosive reflux disease, absence of extra-oesophageal disorders, avoidance of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug intake and positive Helicobacter pylori status.Conclusions : GERD causes a significant impairment in the quality of life that can be attenuated or normalized within a time period as short as 2 weeks by treatment with esomeprazole. These findings were similar across the whole GERD patient spectrum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive cancer with a low survival time. So far, there have been no studies assessing direct and indirect costs in individual patients.Aim : To assess prospectively the cost of illness in patients with pancreatic cancer.Methods : Patients were consecutively included at first admission to hospital. Sociodemographic factors, medical resource use and employment status were assessed by patient interviews and from medical records in a standardized way. Costs were calculated from the perspectives of the hospital, social insurance and society. Linear regression analyses were used to determine factors associated with costs.Results : A total of 57 patients were admitted with suspected pancreatic cancer. Of these patients, 45 (79%) had pancreatic cancer as final diagnosis, 11 (19%) pancreatitis and one patient cystadenoma. The median survival was 10.9 months in patients with pancreatic cancer. Per month of observation from societal perspective, total costs were €4075 for patients. Costs of hospitalizations were responsible for 75% of total costs. In multivariable analyses, surgery, a lower educational level, younger age, and the prevalence of metastases were significantly associated with higher total costs.Conclusions : Costs are considerable in patients with pancreatic cancer. Our results may facilitate further economic evaluations and aid health policy-makers in resource allocation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background and aims: Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) can be associated with a variety of extra-oesophageal disorders (EED) such as chronic cough, asthma, laryngeal disorder or chest pain. The aim of the study was to estimate and compare the prevalence of EED in a population with symptomatic GERD presenting as either erosive reflux disease (ERD) or non-erosive reflux disease (NERD).Methods: Baseline data were collected from a prospective, multicentre, open cohort study (ProGERD) in which patients will be followed for 5 years after initial treatment with esomeprazole. Within the framework of this trial, all patients underwent gastroscopy and filled out a questionnaire designed to assess EED. The influence of potential prognostic factors on the prevalence of EED was analysed by multivariate (stepwise logistic regression) analysis.Results: 6215 patients (3303 male, 2912 female; mean age 54 years) presenting with heartburn were included. EED was detected in 32.8% of all patients. The proportion was significantly higher (P = 0.0002) in ERD patients (34.9%) than in NERD patients (30.5%). As judged from the multivariate analysis, female gender, age, oesophagitis of LA grade C/D, duration of GERD disease greater than 1 years and smoking were significantly associated with EED. ERD patients with oesophagitis of LA grade A or B did not have a significantly higher risk of EED than patients with NERD.Conclusions: Patients with GERD have a high probability of experiencing EED, which may be associated with a number of prognostic factors such as duration and severity of GERD. Extra-oesophageal disorders are slightly, but statistically, more prevalent in ERD than in NERD patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: To compare the effectiveness of Helicobacter pylori eradication in curing peptic ulcer disease in trials involving both gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods:Twenty-four relevant randomized controlled trials and randomized comparative trials met the predefined selection criteria. Only proton pump inhibitor-based eradication trials were considered for the evaluation of eradication efficacy and ulcer healing. For the determination of relapse rates, all trials independent of the eradication therapy regimen were considered.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Results:Data from 2102 patients were analysed comparing gastric ulcer with duodenal ulcer. No statistical differences between gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer patients were found with regard to eradication rates (summarized odds ratio, 1.23; 95% confidence interval, 0.98–1.55) or ulcer relapse rates, whether in successfully H. pylori eradicated patients (summarized odds ratio, 0.69; 95% confidence interval, 0.26–1.84) or unsuccessfully H. pylori eradicated patients (summarized odds ratio, 1.48; 95% confidence interval, 0.85–2.56). Owing to heterogeneity, healing rates were not comparable.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusions:The eradication of H. pylori infection cures both gastric and duodenal ulcer, and the cure rates are similar. This suggests that H. pylori is the key factor in peptic ulcer disease independent of the ulcer site.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Myocardial infarction ; Triggers ; Pathophysiology ; Circadian variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A new approach to identification of the triggering mechanisms of acute myocardial infarction has been provided by the observation that the disease occurs more frequently during the morning hours compared to other times of day. This circadian variation results primarily from an increased relative risk during the initial 2–3 h after awakening and arising. The precise relationship between the onset of myocardial infarction and external factors such as activity and meal patterns needs to be determined in controlled epidemiologic studies. The possible underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms responsible for the circadian pattern of myocardial infarction include acute variations of blood pressure, heart rate, platelet aggregability and fibrinolytic activity, leading to an increased risk of plaque rupture and intracoronary thrombosis. Clinical implications of these findings include the need to design preventive regimens to provide maximum protection at the time of peak risk of myocardial infarction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Schlaganfall ; Inzidenz ; Letalität ; Trends ; Key words Stroke ; Incidence ; Case fatality ; Trends
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Analyses of stroke morbidity or mortality are usually based on official statistics. A reduction in stroke mortality rates has been shown for many countries. It is not clear, however, whether this is due to declining morbidity or case fatality (or both). For this purposes population-based register data are required. Using the standardized methodology of the WHO-MONICA Project, stroke cases were also registered in Germany from 1984 to 1993 (7,435 first-ever and recurrent stroke cases). The data collection was almost restricted to East Germany. The age-specific stroke rates in males /females showed an increase from 9/11 per 100,000 population in the youngest age group (25-34) to 1,005/779 cases per year in the oldest group under study (65-74). If one tries to classify stroke types, which is not always possible in a population-based register, the best estimate for men (women) would be: 63(62%) thromboembolic stroke, 25(22)% intracerebral hemorrhage, and 12(17)% subarachnoid hemorrhage. The 28-day case fatality of the 25–74 year old stroke patients was found to be about 40%. Neither for stroke attacks nor for case fatality was a convincing time trend over the 10-year period found. The very small changes observed over 10 years time should lead to increased attention to strokes, particularly primary and secondary prevention, and this not only in East Germany. This applies also for treatment in the acute phase, because the case fatality before admission in the hospital and during the first few days is still very high. Population-based studies of the long-term prognosis of stroke patients in Germany are also missing, i.e., including the effectiveness of various forms of treatment and rehabilitation. Systematic monitoring of the development in this field is an important part of the assessment of the quality and effectiveness of the health care service.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Analysen zur Schlaganfallerkrankungshäufigkeit oder -sterblichkeit beruhen meist auf offiziellen Statistikdaten. Eine Reduktion der Schlaganfallsterblichkeit wurde für sehr viele Ländern gezeigt. Es ist jedoch unklar, ob das mit verminderter Morbidität oder Letalität (oder beidem) zusammenhängt. Dafür sind bevölkerungsbezogene Registerdaten erforderlich. Mit einheitlicher Methodik des WHO-MONICA-Projekts wurden auch in Deutschland von 1984–1993 Schlaganfälle registriert (7.435 Erst- und Wiederholungsschlaganfälle). Die Datensammlung beschränkte sich weitgehend auf Ostdeutschland. Die altersspezifische Schlaganfallerkrankungshäufigkeit von Männern/ Frauen steigt steil von 9/11 pro 100 000 Bevölkerung in der jüngsten Altersgruppe (25–34) auf 1005/799 in der ältesten untersuchten Altersgruppe (65–74) an. Versucht man eine Klassifikation der Schlaganfalltypen, was in epidemiologischen Studien nicht immer möglich ist, würde die beste Schätzung für Männern (Frauen) ergeben: 63(62)% thromboembolische Hirninfarkte, 25(22)% intrazerebrale Blutungen und 12(17)% subarachnoidale Blutungen. Die 28-Tage-Letalität der 25- bis 74jährigen Schlaganfallpatienten betrug etwa 40%. Es konnten weder hinsichtlich der Erkrankungshäufigkeit noch der Letalität überzeugende Trends über die 10 Jahre gezeigt werden. Die insgesamt geringen Veränderungen über die 10 Jahre sollten – nicht nur im Osten Deutschlands – dazu führen, dem Schlaganfall wesentlich mehr Aufmerksamkeit zu widmen, insbesondere seiner primären und sekundären Prävention. Das betrifft aber auch die Behandlung in der Akutphase, da die Sterblichkeit vor Aufnahme ins Krankenhaus und in den ersten Tagen noch außerordentlich hoch ist. Auch fehlen bevölkerungsbezogene Studien zur Langzeitprognose des Schlaganfalls in Deutschland, einschließlich der Effektivität verschiedener Formen der Therapie und Rehabilitation. Eine systematische Beobachtung der Entwicklung auf diesem Gebiet gehört zu den vordringlichen Aufgaben der Beurteilung von Qualität und Effektivität des Gesundheitssystems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Anaesthesist 45 (1996), S. 163-170 
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Notarztdiagnosen ; Notarztdienst ; Qualitätsmanagement ; Key words Quality management ; Emergency medicine ; Out-of-hospital diagnosis ; Emergency physician
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Methods and aim of the study. The on-scene performance during all missions of the emergency physician-operated rescue helicopter and mobile intensive care unit based at a large-city hospital over a period of 1 year was retrospectively analysed; 2,254 hospital discharge reports were available (92% of the patients treated by the emergency physicians [n=2,493]). The following parameters were investigated: reliability of the primary diagnosis established by the emergency physician (by comparison with the discharge diagnoses); initial on-scene therapeutic measures; means of transportation (with or without accompanying emergency physician); and level of care of the target hospital. Results. The most common reasons for a mission were cardiopulmonary diseases (55%), neurological disorders (18%), and traumatic events (7%). The diagnoses, therapeutic measures, and mode of transportation were correct in 2,033 (90%) patients with a discharge report. Severe errors of assessment by the emergency physician were identified in 73 patients (3%): life-threatening conditions were not recognised and/or grossly incorrect therapeutic measures were taken and/or the chosen means of transportation was unsuitable. Relative errors in assessment occurred in 4% (n=83): the most crucial diagnosis was not made, but the patient was escorted by the emergency physician (without therapeutic errors) to a suitable hospital. In 3% (n=65) of the cases, the patient's condition was overestimated by the emergency physician as suggested by the obviously exaggerated on-scene therapy. Underestimations of the severity were most common in patients with cardiopulmonary diseases and increased in frequency and severity with increasing age and the presence of a concomitant neurologic deficit. Underestimations of a severe condition in younger patients were extremely rare; overestimations of the severity and consequent overtreatment were particularly common in traumatised patients independent of age. Conclusions. In the context of quality management measures, a careful evaluation of on-scene diagnoses, therapeutic measures, and decisions made by the emergency physician is a suitable procedure for identifying systematic errors. A high percentage of correct diagnoses and therapy at the emergency site can only be ensured by clinically experienced physicians who constantly deal with patients with acutely life-threatening conditions.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Ziel unserer Untersuchung im Rahmen des Qualitätsmanagements war, die Zuverlässigkeit von Notarztdiagnosen, die Qualität der primären Behandlung, der Entscheidung über den Transportmodus (mit oder ohne Notarztbegleitung) und das Zielkrankenhaus zu analysieren. Hierzu wurden sämtliche Alarmierungen in einem Notarztstützpunkt (Notarztwagen und Rettungshubschrauber) anhand von 2254 Krankenhausberichten retrospektiv ausgewertet. Schwerpunkte der Tätigkeit waren kardiopulmonale Erkrankungen mit 55% der Einsätze, neurologische Krankheitsbilder mit 18% und Traumata mit 7%. Bei 2033 Patienten (90%) waren Diagnosen, Maßnahmen, Transportmodus und Transportziel korrekt. Bei 73 Patienten (3%) erlag der Notarzt gravierenden Irrtümern: es wurden lebensbedrohliche Störungen nicht richtig erkannt und/oder unangemessene therapeutische Konsequenzen gezogen und/oder das falsche Transportmittel gewählt. Bei 4% der Patienten (n=83) lagen geringere Irrtümer vor, d.h. die Hauptdiagnose wurde nicht gestellt, der Patient aber in Notarztbegleitung in ein geeignetes Krankenhaus gebracht. Bei 3% (n=65) der Patienten wurden offensichtlich übertriebene Therapiemaßnahmen angewandt. Die meisten Probleme hatte der Notarzt bei der Beurteilung kardiopulmonaler Erkrankungen, wobei das Ausmaß der Irrtümer mit zunehmendem Alter zunahm und vor allem Patienten neurologischen Defizit betraf. Überschätzungen der Erkrankungsschwere mit konsekutiver Überbehandlung betrafen besonders häufig traumatisierte Patienten. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß die Überprüfung von Diagnosen, Maßnahmen und Entscheidungen in der notärztlichen Tätigkeit geeignet sind, im Rahmen des Qualitätsmanagements systematisch Fehlerquellen aufzudecken. Ein hoher Stand richtiger Diagnosen und Maßnahmen an der Notfallstelle erfordert den Einsatz erfahrener Notärzte, die mit der Behandlung akut lebensbedrohlicher Erkrankungsbilder laufend befaßt sind.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin 36 (1999), S. 485-492 
    ISSN: 1435-1420
    Keywords: Key words Sudden cardiac death ; prevention ; warning symptoms ; Schlüsselwörter Plötzlicher Herztod ; Prävention ; Prodromalsymptome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Wir untersuchten in einer prospektiven Studie die Randbedingungen des Eintritts des plötzlichen Herztodes bei 406 konsekutiven Patienten, bei denen der Notarzt unserer Klinik hinzugezogen wurde. Hierzu wurden die näheren Umstände des Geschehens erfaßt und Augenzeugen unmittelbar an der Einsatzstelle befragt. Das mittlere Alter der Patienten betrug 69,6 Jahre, 60% (n=242) waren männlich. Bei Eintreffen des Rettungsdienstes lag bei 39% (n=159) der Patienten Kammerflimmern vor, bei 42% (n=171) Asystolie, bei 19% (n=76) eine pulslose elektrische Aktivität. 100 der 406 Patienten (25%) konnten zunächst erfolgreich reanimiert werden. Der Kollaps ereignete in 72% (n=294) der Fälle in häuslicher Umgebung. Augenzeugen waren in 67% (n=272) vorhanden (davon 75% Angehörige), in 14% (n=57) wurden ein Laienreanimationsversuch unternommen. Ersthelferreanimation war mit 27% bei Kollaps in der Öffentlichkeit relativ häufiger als bei Ereignis in häuslicher Umgebung mit 10% (p=0,0002). Bei 323 Patienten konnten Anwesende zum Geschehen befragt werden. Danach hatten 222 Patienten (69%) vor dem Kollaps prämonitorische Warnsymptome. Am häufigsten wurde über Brustschmerz berichtet (40%, n=88), gefolgt von Luftnot (27%, n=61) und Präsynkopen/Synkopen (10%, n=22) bzw. anderen Symptomen (23%, n=51). Die Warnsymptome dauerten bei 58% (n=128) der Patienten über 30 Minuten an, wobei das charakteristische Symptom „Brustschmerz“ am häufigsten länger als 30 Minuten toleriert wurde. Eine eindeutig gesicherte – meist koronare – Herzerkrankung lag bei 36% (n=116) der Patienten vor, bei weiteren 39% (n=127) war eine koronare Herzerkrankung sehr wahrscheinlich und/oder sie waren wegen Risikofaktoren in Behandlung. Eine Strategie der Bekämpfung des plötzlichen Herztodes setzt nach unseren Ergebnissen voraus, daß Risikopatienten und Angehörige lernen in Notsituationen gezielt zu reagieren. Zum notwendigen Wissen gehört offenbar vor allem das Erkennen von Warnsymptomen mit konsekutiver rechtzeitiger Alarmierung des Rettungsdienstes neben Kenntnissen der lebensrettenden Ersthelferreanimation.
    Notes: Summary Detailed information about sudden cardiac death is scarce. We, therefore, prospectively studied the special circumstances, including an eyewitness interview, in 406 consecutive cases of sudden cardiac death, in which the emergency physician of our hospital was alerted. The median age of the victims was 69.6 years; 242 (60%) of the patients were men. On arrival of the emergency medical services, 39% (n=159) of the patients had ventricular fibrillation, 42% (n=171) asystole, and 19% (n=76) pulseless electric activity. One hundred patients (25%) were admitted to a hospital after successful resuscitation and 27 (7%) patients were discharged. 294 (72%) of the patients collapsed at home, 67% (n=272) of the arrests being eyewitnessed, 75% of the eyewitnesses being relatives. The bystander resuscitation rate was relatively higher if the patient collapsed in public (27%) rather than at home (10%) (p=0.0002). In 323 cases of sudden cardiac death, bystanders were interviewed with respect to symptoms reported by the patient before cardiac arrest. Sixty-nine percent of these patients (n=222) had warning symptoms: The leading symptom was chest pain in 40% (n=88), followed by respiratory distress in 27% (n=61), syncope/presyncope in 10% (n=22), and other symptoms in 23% (n=51). The warning symptom lasted more than 30 min in 58% (n=128) of the patients. Characteristic “chest pain” was tolerated the longest (in 66% (n=58) of the cases for more than 30 minutes). Thirty-six percent (n=116) of the victims had a known history of documented – mostly coronary – heart disease. Another 39% (n=127) had a history of typical coronary complaints and/or had undergone treatment for cardiovascular risk factors. The results of our study underline the necessity for the intensive training of high-risk patients and their relatives as a precondition for successfully fighting sudden cardiac death. Special attention should be given to the recognition of warning symptoms, the timely activation of emergency medical services, and the performance of basic life support.
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