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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in renal function induced by endralazine, a new antihypertensive drug (1983)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 24 (1983), S. 307-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: endralazine ; hypertension ; blood pressure ; heart rate ; renal clearance ; plasma renin activity ; plasma aldosterone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of endralazine, a new antihypertensive hydrazinopyridazine derivative, on heart rate, mean blood pressure (mBP), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), effective renal plasma flow (CPAH), urine volume (V), the clearance of Na, K, urea (Ur) and uric acid (UA), plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma aldosterone (PA) were studied in hypertensive patients after a single oral dose of 10–15 mg, and after 8–17 days of treatment with daily doses of 15–90 mg. In the acute experiments, heart rate increased by 27%, mBP decreased on average by 17% and GFR by 33% and CPAH fell by only 5%. Urine volume and electrolyte clearance were also depressed. There was a significant increase in PRA and PA. The fall in GFR correlated directly with mBP, CPAH and the product (mBP×CPAH). The logarithms of the Na clearance and V were correlated with GFR and mBP. The logarithms of the fractional excretion of Na and water also correlated with mBP, suggesting that tubular reabsorption of sodium and water may be affected by change in mBP. The fractional potassium excretion correlated directly with CPAH and ln PA. In contrast, on sustained daily treatment, mBP was less depressed (9%), but GFR increased strikingly by 27% and CPAH by 46%. The body weight increased by 4.5% as a consequence of salt and water retention. GFR was correlated with CPAH, the product (mBP×CPAH) and the increase in body weight. Thus, the improvement in GFR and effective renal plasma flow observed under these conditions may be due, in part, to volume expansion. However, a direct renal vasodilating effect of the drug appears to be the more important determinant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00610046
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Akute kombinierte Alpha- und Betarezeptorenblockade bei essentieller Hypertonie: Wirkungen auf Blutdruck, Nierenfunktion, Renin und Aldosteron (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 57 (1979), S. 731-739 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Alpha-beta-adrenergic blockade ; Essential hypertension ; Renal function ; Renin ; Aldosterone ; Alpha- und betaadrenerge Blockade ; essentielle Hypertonie ; Nierenfunktion ; Renin ; Aldosteron
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei sieben Patienten mit unkomplizierter essentieller Hypertonie wurden unter Dauerinfusionsclearance-Bedingungen die Wirkungen einer akuten Blockade der Alpharezeptoren, allein oder in Kombination mit einer chronischen Betarezeptorenblockade, auf Blutdruck, Nierenfunktion, Plasmarenin und Aldosteron untersucht. Akute Alphablockade mit Phentolamin (20 mg intravenös infundiert) verstärkte den blutdrucksenkenden Effekt einer chronischen Betablockade mit Slow-Oxprenolol (160 mg/Tag × 14 Tage) signifikant (−14,5% gegenüber −7,4% systolisch, −12,4% gegenüber −6% diastolisch, 2α jeweils 〈0,05). Unter der kombinierten Rezeptorenblockade nahmen der renale Plasmafluß zu, die glomeruläre Filtration und die Filtrationsfraktion ab (jeweils 2α〈0,05), während die fraktionellen renalen Clearances von Natrium, Kalium, freiem Wasser und “solute load” unverändert blieben. Die Aktivierung der Renin-Angiotensin-Achse, die unter alleiniger Alpharezeptorenblockade auftrat, wurde durch vorausgehende Betarezeptorenblockade verhindert. Diese Befunde zeigen einen günstigen blutdrucksenkenden Effekt einer akuten kombinierten Alphaund Betarezeptorenblockade, ohne unerwünschte Auswirkungen auf Nierenfunktion und Renin-Angiotensin-Achse.
    Notes: Summary In seven patients with uncomplicated essential hypertension the effects of an acute alpha-adrenergic blockade, alone and combined with a chronic beta-adrenergic blockade, on blood pressure, renal function as measured by standard clearance methods, plasma renin activity, and plasma aldosterone were evaluated. Acute alpha-adrenergic blockade with phentolamine (20 mg by intravenous infusion) significantly enhanced the antihypertensive effect of chronic beta-adrenergic blockade with slow-oxprenolol (160 mg/day×14 days) (−14.5% versus −7.4% for pulse pressure, −12.4% versus −6.0% for diastolic pressure, 2α〈0.05). Under combined adrenergic blockade renal plasma flow increased, glomerular filtration rate and filtration fraction decreased (2α〈0.05 each), whereas the fractional clearances of sodium, potassium, free water, and solute load remained unchanged. The activation of the renin-angiotensin-axis, elicited by alpha-adrenergic blockade alone, was suppressed by the preceding beta-adrenergic blockade. These findings demonstrate a favourable antihypertensive action of a combined blockade of alpha-und beta-adrenergic receptor sites without untoward side effects on renal function or the renin-angiotensinaxis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01477555
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Paramyotonia congenita (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 220 (1979), S. 251-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Paramyotonia congenita ; Myotonia ; Eulenburg's disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Studie befaßt sich mit den klinischen, elektrophysiologischen und histologischen Befunden von 12 Patienten aus zwei erstmals in der Schweiz beschriebenen Sippen mit Paramyotonia congenita. Die Myopathie mit autosomal dominantem Erbgang ist durch die typische Anamnese und die unter Kälteeinwirkung auftretende Daueranspannung der Gesichts-, Arm- und Beinmuskulatur gekennzeichnet. Diagnostisch von Bedeutung sind außerdem die bei Zimmertemperatur auslösbaren myotonischen Reaktionen wie Klopfmyotonie, aktive Myotonie und paradoxe Myotonie, Während der im Tiefkühlraum provozierten Kältelähmung blieb bei den Untersuchten die Serumkaliumkonzentration im Normbereich. Die iatrogene Kaliumbelastung dagegen führte bei 2 von 3 Probanden bei einem Serumkalium von mehr als 6 mval/l zur Steifheit und Schwäche der Arm- und Beinmuskulatur, jedoch nicht zu Lähmungen. Durch Hypokaliämie konnten in den 3 Fällen keine paramyotonischen Symptome erzeugt werden. Im Elektromyogramm ließen sich bei 5 Untersuchten myotone Entladungen nachweisen, die unter Abkühlung bei zunehmender Muskelsteife vollständig verschwanden. Die histologischen, histochemischen und elektronenmikroskopischen Untersuchungen am Muskel erbrachten lediglich diagnostisch unspezifische myopathologische Veränderungen.
    Notes: Summary The present paper describes the clinical, electrophysiological and histological findings made in 12 patients belonging to 2 genealogical lineages in Switzerland, suffering from paramyotonia congenita. This is the first report of this disease in Switzerland. The myopathy, transmitted by autosomal dominant inheritance, is characterized by a typical past medical history and by the persistent contraction of the muscles of the face, arms and legs provoked by exposure to cold. Also of diagnostic importance are the myotonic reactions inducible at room temperature, such as percussion myotonia, active myotonia and paradoxical myotonia. During paramyotonic episodes provoked by exposure of the subjects in a refrigeration chamber, serum potassium concentrations remained within normal limits. Potassium loading producing serum levels above 6 mEq/l in 2 patients gave rise to stiffness and weakness of the arms and legs, but no signs of paralysis. Induced hypokalemia in 3 cases caused no paramyotonic symptoms. Electromyographic recordings in 5 patients showed myotonic discharges, which disappeared upon cooling of the limb, giving way to progressive muscular stiffness. Histological, histochemical and electronmicroscopical examination of the muscle tissue revealed only diagnostically unspecific myopathological changes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00314149
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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