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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Human skin mast cells rapidly release preformed and newly generated TNF-α and IL-8 following stimulation with anti-IgE and other secretagogues (2001)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Experimental dermatology 10 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0625
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Several groups have previously reported that rodent or human leukemic mast cells produce inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-8 as well as the pro-allergic cytokines IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13. Comparatively little is known, however, regarding the ability of normal human skin mast cells to secrete these factors following either IgE-dependent or IgE-independent modes of activation. We therefore investigated whether normal human skin mast cells produce these cytokines following stimulation by a variety of secretagogues. Enriched isolated skin mast cells released both TNF-α and IL-8 following activation with either anti-IgE, SCF, substance P, compound 48/80 or A23187. This release was dose- and time-dependent, with maximal levels being reached within 4 h of stimulation involving, in part, the secretion of preformed stores of both cytokines. In accordance with this, using lysates of highly purified (〉90%) skin mast cells, we could demonstrate that both TNF-α and IL-8 mRNA and protein were present in both unstimulated as well as stimulated mast cells. In stark contrast to these results, no significant levels of either IL-4, IL-5 or IL-13 were detected, regardless of the secretagogue used or the period of stimulation. These results show that human skin mast cells are capable of rapidly secreting pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α and IL-8 following IgE-dependent activation and stimulation by the neuropeptide substance P, SCF and the basic polypeptide analogue compound 48/80. In contrast to other types of human mast cells however, human skin mast cells were incapable of secreting IL-4, IL-5 or IL-13 in these settings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0625.2001.100503.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential formation of desmosomes and hemidesmosomes in epidermal cell cultures treated with retinoic acid (1975)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 256 (1975), S. 209-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] In cultured PEC (ref. 5), nuclear DNA synthesis as well as cellular growth is greatly enhanced by the addition of retinoic acid (RA) to the culture medium. Comparison with cither cell systems present in skin indicates tissue specificity6 The mitogenic effect of RA was therefore used to study the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/256209a0
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Virus-like particles in the hamster melanoma A Mel 3 of Fortner (1970)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 57 (1970), S. 548-548 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00625335
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acrosin activity and acrosome ultrastructure of human spermatozoa after freeze preservation (1974)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 61 (1974), S. 172-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00602599
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die magnetische Feldstärke und die Selbstinduktion bei von Wechseltrom radial durchfluteten planparallelen Kreisplatten (1943)
    Springer
    Electrical engineering 37 (1943), S. 554-554 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0487
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02094797
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur ultrastruktur der menschlichen epidermis bei der allergischen epicutantestreaktion (1971)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 240 (1971), S. 23-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Die epidermalen Veränderungen bei voll ausgeprägten kontaktallergischen Testreaktionen 44 Std nach Applikation von Benzocain und Tetramethylthiuramidisulfid wurden elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. 2. Die auffälligsten Veränderungen finden sich im Intercellularraum: Er ist erheblich erweitert, wobei es zu einem Verschwinden von desmosomalen Kontakten („Mikroakantholyse“) kommt. In verbleibenden Desmosomen findet sich eine spannungsbedingte Ausrichtung von Tonofilamentbündeln. Abrisse von Cytoplasmafortsätzen und Relikte von Desmosomen an den Zellmembranen werden nicht beobachtet. 3. Die intracellulären Veränderungen bestehen in Verminderung des Tonofilamentsystems, sowie in der Anreicherung von Glykogen und Lipoiden (sog. irregular dense bodies) als Zeichen einer initialen Stoffwechselschädigung; ein diffuses oder vesiculäres Ödem wird nicht beobachtet. 4. Die spongiotische Erweiterung des Intercellularraumes endet knapp oberhalb der Basalmembran, die im allgemeinen kontinuierlich von zungenförmigen Fortsätzen benachbarter Basalzellen bedeckt bleibt. 5. Die Basalmembran ist leicht verdickt, z. T. wolkig aufgelockert. Stellenweise kommt es zu umschriebenen Kontinuitätstrennungen zwischen der Basalmembran und den Basalzellen, zu hernienartigen Ausstülpungen von Basalzellfortsätzen durch die Basalmembran in das Corium und zu regenerativen Vorgängen an der Basalmembran. Die Basalmembran löst sich überall dort auf, wo Entzündungszellen mit ihr in Kontakt kommen. 6. Als Infiltratzellen werden kleine helle Lymphocyten und histiocytäre Makrophagen im Intercellularraum der Epidermis beobachtet. An den Berührungsflächen zu diesen Infiltratzellen fehlen am Plasmalemm der Keratinocyten stets Reste der Desmosomen.
    Notes: Summary 1. Epidermal changes in fully developed patch test reactions 44 h after application of benzocain and tetramethylthiuramdisulfide have been studied electronmicroscopically. 2. The most remarkable changes are found in the intercellular space which is considerably enlarged while desmosomal contacts disappear (“microacantholysis“). Remaining desmosomes show tension and alignment of tonofilament bundles. Breaking of cytoplasmic processes, or remnants of desmosomes in the cell membranes have not been observed. 3. The intracellular changes consist of a reduction of the tonofilament system, and of an increase of glycogen and lipids (so-called irregular dense bodies). These changes are interpreted as signs of an initial damage of the cell metabolism. A diffuse or vesicular edema has not been observed in the keratinocytes. 4. The spongiotic enlargement of the intercellular space is ending at a small distance above the basement membrane which generally is covered continuously by flat projections of neighbouring basal cells. 5. The basement membrane is slightly thickened, and partly disaggregated. Sometimes, separations of the basement membrane from the basal cells are observed, as well as hernia-like projections of basal cells through the basement membrane and signs of regenerative processes of the basement membrane. The basement membrane is disappearing wherever inflammatory cells come in contact to it. 6. Within the epidermis, small clear lymphocytes and histiocytoid macrophages are observed in the intercellular space. Remnants of desmosomes are missing wherever these infiltrating cells are in contact with the plasma membrane of keratinocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01036164
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reversed passive arthus reaction using horseradish peroxidase as antigen (1974)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 250 (1974), S. 15-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Wir lösten eine milde umgekehrte passive Arthus-Reaktion aus, indem wir bei einem einzigen Kaninchen an 8 verschiedenen Stellen intracutan Antiserum und anschließend Meerrettich-Peroxidase (HRP) i.v. injizierten. Von den Arthus-Herden wurden nach 20 min, 2 und 8 Std Probebiopsien entnommen und sowohl mit dem Licht- als auch mit dem Elektronenmikroskop untersucht. Das auffallendste Ereignis war die Ablagerung von HRP-Anti-HRP Immunkomplexen in den Wänden und in geringerem Maß in der Umgebung und in den Lumina kleinerer Blutgefäße. Venolen waren am häufigsten betroffen. Interessant war die Beobachtung, daß sich Immunkomplexe an die Zellmembranen verschiedener Zellen und oft auch an Kollagenfibrillen anlagerten. Phagocytose und Abbau von Immunkomplexen schienen hauptsächlich im Cytoplasma von Neutrophilen vor sich zu gehen. Blutgefäße und andere Gewebe waren strukturell nur wenig verändert trotz einer nicht geringen Zahl von Entzündungszellen, unter denen die Neutrophilen vorherrschten. Diese Untersuchung zeigt, wie Gewebe von Immunkomplexen befreit werden kann, ohne daß auffallende klinische Symptome auftreten.
    Notes: Summary A mild reversed passive Arthus reaction (RPAR) was induced by administering to a single rabbit 8 intracutaneous injections of antiserum and one intravenous injection of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as antigen. Biopsy material from Arthus lesions taken 20 min, 2 and 8 h after induction of the RPAR were examined with both the light and the electron microscope. The most striking finding was the deposition of HRP-anti-HRP immune complexes within the walls and to a lesser extent in the vicinity and within the lumina of small blood vessels most of which were venules. Adherence of immune complexes to various cell membranes and frequently to collagen fibrils was another interesting observation. Phagocytosis and digestion of immune complexes seemed to take place mainly within neutrophils. There was only very little damage to vascular and other structures despite of the intra- and perivascular accumulation of quite a number of inflammatory cells most of which were neutrophils. This study demonstrates that the process of clearing the tissue from immune complexes can take place with clinically recognisable symptoms being scanty or entirely absent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00558893
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical detection of in vitro incorporated 5-bromodeoxyuridine in paraffin sections of human skin (1989)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 281 (1989), S. 209-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Bromodeoxyuridine ; Proliferation ; Autoradiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00456396
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proliferative activity of keratinocytes correlates with that of melanocytes in naevi and melanomas (1995)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 287 (1995), S. 509-511 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Proliferation ; Keratinocytes ; Melanocytes ; Melanocytic naevus ; Malignant melanoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00373439
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lokalbehandlung normaler und pathologischer menschlicher Haut mit Vitamin A-Säure (1971)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 239 (1971), S. 390-413 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Klinische, histologische, histochemische und elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen über die örtliche Wirkung von Vitamin A-Säure (VAS) wurden an normaler menschlicher Haut und bei 63 Patienten mit epidermalen und follikulären Verhornungsstörungen durchgeführt. 1. Die Wirkung von VAS ist abhängig von der Konzentration, dem Vehikel, der Behandlungsdauer, der Hautregion und dem Alter der Patienten. 2. Klinisch kommt es initial zu einer Hautreizung mit Rötung, Schuppung, Ödem und mäßigem Brennen. Bei Langzeitbehandlung stehen Abschuppung sowie eine Verdünnung der Hornschicht (“glistening”) im Vordergrund. 3. Histologisch-histochemisch finden sich vor allem psoriasiforme Epidermisveränderungen in Form einer Proliferationsacanthose mit Verhornungsstörungen (Parakeratose). Bei Langzeitbehandlung bilden sich diese Veränderungen teilweise zurück. Zeichen der Entzündung im oberen Bindegewebe bleiben vergleichsweise gering. 4. Elektronenmikroskopisch sind Zeichen einer hohen Stoffwechselaktivität bei Verminderung des Strukturproteins auffällig. Paranucleäre Cisternen sowie homogenes intra- und intercellulär gelegenes, mäßig elektronendichtes Material werden im Str. spinosum beobachtet. 5. Unsere Untersuchungen sprechen dafür, daß VAS in die epidermale Proliferation und Ausdifferenzierung eingreift. 6. Nach Absetzen von VAS sind alle beschriebenen Effekte auf die normale Haut reversibel.
    Notes: Summary Clinical, histological, histochemical and electronmicroscopical studies on the topical effects of vitamin A-acid (VAS, Tretinoin) on normal human skin and in 63 patients with epidermal and follicular disturbances of keratinization were performed. 1. The effects of VAS depend upon the concentration, the vehicle, the duration of treatment, the skin-area and the age of the patients. 2. Clinically an initial irritation occurs with reddening, scaling, edema and a moderate burning. After long-term treatment, peeling and thinning of the str. corneum (“glistening”) predominate. 3. Histologically and histochemically the epidermis becomes psoriasiform. Proliferation-acanthosis and disturbances in keratinization predominate. After long-term treatment these changes are partially reversed. The inflammatory changes in the upper corium remain moderate. 4. Electronmicroscopical signs of high metabolism, with diminution of structural proteins are evident. Paranuclear cisternae and an homogenous intra- and intercellular material of moderate electron density are observed in the str. spinosum. 5. These results indicate that VAS affects epidermal proliferation and differentiation. 6. After cessation of VAS therapy all effects described above on normal skin become reversed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00520092
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