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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: High dose contrast-enhanced computed tomography ; Cerebral metastases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Intravenously admistered iodinated contrast media have been demostrated, since early experience with computed tomography of the brain, to improve clinical value of the procedure for detecting intracranial lesions. There is no universal agreement about the amount and the method of administration of the contrast medium. Many authors maintain that the use of large doses gives better results for the diagnosis of tumors and metastases. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the tolerance of iopamidol administered by rapid intravenous infusion in a large number of patients undergoing contrast enhanced computed tomography to detect brain metastases. The authors examined 969 consecutive adult patients suffering from lung cancer, brain metastases have been detected in 17% of cases. Adverse reactions to contrast media occurred in 3 patients. Non ionic contrast media are recommended in this diagnostic procedure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 121 (1993), S. 206-211 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Leptomeningeal melanosis ; MRI ; peritoneal shunt ; arachnoid cyst
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A rare case of diffuse leptomeningeal melanosis presenting with symptoms of spinal cord compression due to the presence of anterolateral arachnoid cyst and treated with Spetzler's drainage system is reported. The diagnosis of diffuse melanosis of the leptomeninges is rarely possible during life. In the present case MRI was of great help in the definition of the limits of the pathological process and the presence of the anterior compressing cyst. After laminectomy and a biopsy of the pathological tissue which achieved the histological diagnosis, an external drainage was inserted to reduce the cyst extension and to exclude the presence of melanocytes in the cystic fluid before a peritoneal shunt was placed. At 8 th month of follow-up the patient is doing well with a dramatic reduction of symptoms and a significant reduction of spinal cord compression. The diagnostic role of MRI and the relationship between leptomeningeal melanosis and arachnoid cyst are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 257 (2000), S. 279-282 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Key words Head and neck cancer ; Intra-arterial ¶chemotherapy ; Carboplatin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To evaluate the feasibility, maximum dose of drug tolerated, technical problems, systemic and local toxicity, response rate, overall and disease-free survival, we studied superselective intra-arterial infusion of high-dose carboplatin as part of a multimodality treatment for head and neck cancer. Forty patients with untreated stage II–IV head and neck squamous cell carcinomas received induction chemotherapy with high-dose carboplatin (three cycles at 2-week intervals using 300–350 mg/m2 per cycle), delivered via superselective transfemoral angiography followed by radiotherapy or surgery plus radiotherapy. No technical complications occurred during or after the infusion. Systemic toxicity was minimal, and local toxicity was moderate. At the end of chemotherapy the overall complete and partial response rate was 90% (36/40) at the primary site and 64% (16/25) at the neck nodes. The median follow-up was 24.4 months (range 3–52). To date 21 patients are alive without disease, 2 are alive with disease, 13 have died of disease, and 4 have developed a metachronous lung tumor. There was a good correlation between the response to chemotherapy and disease-free survival. No statistically significant benefit in survival was observed with respect to other series of head and neck tumors treated with different protocols. However, discriminating between responding and nonresponding patients, this procedure can have a prognostic significance in planning integrated treatments for these types of tumors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neurological sciences 5 (1984), S. 447-450 
    ISSN: 1590-3478
    Keywords: Hemorrhagic shock ; focal motor seizures ; periodic EEG pattern
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Sommario Viene riportato il caso di uno shock emorragico con un quadro EEG caratterizzato da scariche pseudoperiodiche parossistiche lateralizzate, ripetute crisi motorie focali sul lato opposto delle prevalenti anormalità EEG e turbe della coscienza in assenza di una lesione cerebrale documentata. Il caso era quello di una donna di 45 anni senza precedenti personali o familiari di epilessia. Questo aspetto unusuale del quadro elettroclinico appare poco spiegabile in quanto intervenuto parecchi giorni dopo lo shock emorragico quando tutti i dati di laboratorio erano ritornati nella norma. L'unica spiegazione di questo quadro sembra essere l'ipossia cerebrale e il disordine metabolico conseguente allo shock emorragico.
    Notes: Abstract We report a case of hemorrhagic shock associated with an EEG pattern resembling pseudoperiodic lateralized paroxysmal discharges, repeated focal motor seizures on the opposite side of the prevalent EEG abnormalities and consciousness disturbances in the absence of a demonstrable cerebral lesion occurring in a 45 year-old woman without a personal or familial history of epilepsy. This unusual electroclinical picture appeared inexplicably several days after the hemorrhagic shock when the laboratory data had already normalized. The only cause of this picture seemed to be brain hypoxia and the metabolic disorders consequent upon hemorrhagic shock.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1590-3478
    Keywords: psychometrics ; Q-EEG ; ERPs ; CNV complex ; presenile dementia ; presenile Alzheimer's disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Sommario Sono stati esaminati da un punto di vista clinico, neuropsicologico e neuro-psicofisiologico (Q-EEG, potenziali neurocognitivi del complesso CNV e tempo di reazione, TR, a segnali incondizionati) in 24 pazienti con forme più o meno gravi di deterioramento cognitivo presenile idiopatico (15 maschi e 9 femmine; età media 59.6) ed i dati sono stati confrontati con quelli raccolti in 10 soggetti sani di controllo di pari età (media 59.4). In 12 pazienti era stata formulata una diagnosi di sospetta/possibile forma iniziale presenile di demenza primaria (PICD), poiché i loro sintomi non completavano del tutto i criteri clinici del DSM III-R, dell'ICD-10 e del NINCDS-ADRDA Report proposti per le varie forme di demenza. Dodici pazienti presentavano un classico quadro clinico di iniziale demenza presenile di tipo Alzheimer (PAD). Tutti i pazienti sono stati sottoposti preliminarmente ad esami clinici, TAC, RMN, EEG con analisi spettrale e ad una batteria di test psicodiagnostici. Una valutazione statistica mediante analisi della varianza, test di correlazione ed analisi discriminante di tutti i dati neuropsicologici, neurofisiologici oltre che dei TR agli stimoli incondizionati (S2), hanno selezionato 22 singoli fattori discriminanti fra i 3 gruppi di soggetti ad un livello di significatività di p〈0.01. Ad un'analisi discriminante conclusiva 13 di questi 22 fattori hanno consentito una precisa identificazione nel 97% dei casi (33 dei 34 soggetti esaminati), e la stessa percentuale di corretta classificazione è stata ottenuta anche utilizzando i fattori discriminanti relativi ai soli dati del complesso CNV e dei TR ed S2. Con entrambi i gruppi di fattori tutti i soggetti normali ed i pazienti affetti da PAD sono stati esattamente identificati; solo 1 PICD risultò erroneamente classificato come normale con il primo gruppo di fattori discriminanti, ed un altro come PAD con il secondo gruppo di fattori. Questi risultati confermano la notevole utilità di tali metodiche non-invasive nella diagnosi precoce delle demenze primarie presenili, se correttamente eseguite ed interpretate come già dimostrato in nostre precedenti ricerche.
    Notes: Abstract Clinical, neuropsychological and neuropsychophysiological data (Q-EEG, ERPs and CNV/RT activity) were obtained from 24 patients who had more or less severe presenile primary cognitive decline without depression, and compared with similar data from 10 age-matched healthy volunteers (mean age, 59.4 years). All of the patients (15 M and 9 F; mean age 59.6 years) were selected according to the DSM III-R, ICD-10 and NINCDS-ADRDA criteria and underwent CT and MRI scanning, in addition to a standard clinical examination, a battery of psychometric tests, spectral EEG, and bit-mapped CNV complex and RT to S2 analyses. Twelve of the 24 patients presented an initial presenile idiopathic cognitive decline (PICD) but did not wholly fulfil the clinical and neuropsychological criteria for primary dementia or for a diagnosis of probable AD; the remaining 12 patients showed characteristic clinical signs and symptoms of a very probable early stage of presenile Alzheimer-type dementia (PAD). ANOVA, correlational and discriminant analyses of the neuropsychological test scores, and the neurophysiological and RT to S2 data revealed 22 highest-ranked between-group discriminant factors (all with a significance level of p〈0.01). The conclusive discriminant analysis retained 13 of these factors as final canonical functions, and these showed a 97% grouping accuracy (33 of the 34 subjects examined); the same percentage of correct classifications was also achieved using only the 15 best indicators in the group of CNV/RT findings. Using both of these sets of highest-ranked discriminators, all of the normal subjects and all of the PAD patients were correctly classified; only 1 PICD patient was misclassified as normal when the first group of 13 factors was used, and another PICD patient was misclassified as PAD using the second group of 15 factors. Our findings suggest that, providing they are correctly performed and interpreted, these non-invasive techniques may be an important tool for identifying incipient stages of presenile Alzheimer-type dementia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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