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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 70 (1999), S. 783-786 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This article describes the conventional Thomson scattering diagnostic that has been developed for multipoint measurements of the electron temperature and plasma density of the tokamak ISTTOK plasma. The design is based on a single laser pulse, two multi-input three channel spectrometers, one digital oscilloscope, and a time-delay technique. Special collection optics, optimized detectors, and high transmission monofibers with large numerical aperture have been used to increase the sensitivity and spatial resolution. The number of measurement points can be extended by increasing the number of fibers without altering the collection optics or light relay system. Results are in good agreement with those determined with other diagnostics. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 16 (1997), S. 776-779 
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Abstracts are not published in this journal
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 8 (1992), S. 548-552 
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Enterotoxins ; Necrotizing factors ; E. coli
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains of serotype 0153: K-:H45 CFA/I+ STa+ were associated with two outbreaks of neonatal diarrhoea that occurred in two different hospitals of Madrid, in one of which several children died. Two other outbreaks were associated with ETEC strains of serotypes 0159: K-: H21 (LT+) and 0159: K-: H4 (LT+ STa+) without CFA/I and CFA/II colonization factors. Necrotizing E. coli (NTEC) strains of serotype 06: K13, producing the cytotoxic necrotizing factor CNFI and α-haemolysin, were also associated with two outbreaks of neonatal diarrhoea that occured in a hospital in Madrid and in a hospital in Talavera de la Reina. The results of the characterization of some ETEC and NTEC strains isolated from sporadic cases of diarrhoea are also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Diarrhoea ; E. coli ; Enteropathogens ; Enterotoxins ; Virulence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract One hundred and six enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) isolated from many geographical areas were serotyped and investigated for the presence of colonization factor antigens CFA/I and CFA/II, the expression of mannose-resistant haemagglutination (MRHA) and the levels of surface hydrophobicity. CFA/I was found in 6 (17%) of 36 LT+STa+ strains and in 15 (54%) of 28 STa+ strains; CFA/II was found in 16 (44%) of 36 LT+STa+ strains. None of 42 LT+ strains showed CFA/I or CFA/II. CFA/I was found in ETEC of serotypes O63:K−:H−, O78:K80, O128:K67 and O153:K−:H45, whereas CFA/II was found in serotypes O6:H−, O6:K15:H16 and 06:K?:H40. Of the 69 CFA/I− CFA/II− ETEC strains, 9 (13%) showed MRHA with some of the seven erythrocyte species used and 21 (30%) were hydrophobic. Among the 21 hydrophobic strains CFA-negative we have detected: (i) 6 LT+ strains of serogroup O25 negative for MRHA, (ii) 5 strains O159 (4 LT+ and 1 LT+ STa+) also negative for MRHA, and (iii) 3 STa+ strains of serotype O27:K−:H7 that haemagglutinated calf and sheep erythrocytes when grown on Minca-Is. The 106 ETEC strains belonged to 20 different 0 serogroups. However, 77 (73%) were of one of nine serogroups (O6, O8, O25, O27, O78, O148, O153, O159 and O167). E. coli strains belonging to O6 and O153 groups predominated among ETEC isolated in Spain, O159 strains in the Central African Republic, O25 and O148 strains in Japan, and O15 and O78 strains in India.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: NecrotoxigenicEscherichia coli ; Pathogenicity ; Toxins ; Virulence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The O:K:H serotypes of 137 necrotoxigenicEscherichia coli (NTEC) producing the cytotoxic necrotizing factor type 1 (CNF1) isolated from human extraintestinal infection were determined. Although NTEC producing CNF1 belonged to 58 different serotypes, only 10 of them accounted for 54% of strains. The most common serotypes, in order of frequency, were: O4:K?:H5, O6:K13:H1, O83:K1:H31, O75:K95:H5, O2:K1:H6, O2:K7:H-, O75:K1:H7, O2:K?:H1, O4:K12:H1 and O22:K13:H1. CNF1 strains of serotypes O2:K7:H- and O4:K12:H1 express P-fimbriae, whereas CNF1 strains of serotypes O2:K?:H1, O2:K1:H6 and O75:K95:H5 possess the adhesin responsible for MRHA type III. Among CNF1 strains of serotype O4:K?:H5 there exist some that express P-fimbriae and others that possess MRHA type III. Lastly, the majority of CNF1 strains of serotypes O6:K13:H1, O22:K13:H1, O75:K1:H7 and O83:K1:H31 do not express P-fimbriae nor the adhesin responsible to MRHA type III. Our results show that extraintestinal infections are caused by a limited number of virulent clones, as suggested by the theory of special pathogenicity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Escherichia coli ; Pathogenicity ; Shiga-like toxins ; Verotoxins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract An epidemiological study was carried out to determine the incidence and the serotypes of verotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC) that cause infections in Galicia (north-western Spain). Although, VTEC strains were isolated from 55 (14%) of the 387 calves sampled and the majority of bovine VTEC strains belonged to serotypes (026:H11 or H−, 091:H21, 0103:H2, 0105:H18, 0111:H−, 0113:H21, 0126:H−, 0128:H− and 0157:H7 or H−) previously associated with human haemorrhagic colitis (HC) and haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) in other countries, VTEC are not a common cause of human infections in Spain. Thus, VTEC (026:H11 and 086:H10) were isolated from only 3 (0.6%) of the 482 children with diarrhoea investigated. We examined the 69 (3 humans and 66 bovines) VTEC strains that were initially isolated as E. coli producing a toxin cytotoxic to Vero and HeLa cells by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primers for VT1, VT2 and eae genes. PCR showed that 38 (55%) of VTEC strains carried VT1 genes, 18 (26%) possessed VT2 genes, and 10 (14%) carried both VT1 and VT2 genes. Three (one human and two bovine) strains which were formerly VTEC had lost the ability to produce verotoxins upon subculture and became negative for VT 1 and VT2 by PCR. In total 35 (51%) of 69 VTEC strains, including the two human VT1+ strains of serotype 026:H11, were positive for eae sequences when tested by PCR. Presence of the eae gene was significantly more frequent (100%; 21/21) among VTEC strains with serotypes (026:H11, 0111:H−, 0157:H−and 0157:H7) considered as enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) than among VTEC strains with non-EHEC serotypes (29%; 14/48) (p 〈 0.001). Results obtained in this study indicate that cattle may be an important source of VTEC involved in human disease. However, severe clinical syndromes caused by VTEC, such as HC and HUS, are uncommon in Spain, in comparison with North America and the UK. In any case, VTEC disease can appear on the scene very suddenly, as occurred in the UK and North America in the 1980s.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Artificially patinated artistic bronze was exposed to the action of 0.10 and 12.68 ppm SO2 contamination in the laboratory at 100% relative humidity. The surface layers were characterized using electrochemical, atomic absorption, X-ray powder diffraction techniques and Fourier transform–infrared spectrometry. Thermal and calorimetric studies were also performed. Some of the compounds identified were cuprite (Cu2O), digenite (Cu1.8S), yarrowite (Cu9S8), chalcocite (Cu2S), brochantite (Cu4(OH)6SO4), bonattite (CuSO4·3H2O) and Sn2S3.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 8 (1989), S. 396-400 
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Escherichia coli strains isolated 1985–1988 in Spain from patients with diarrhoea were examined; 1170 strains were isolated from 582 sporadic cases of diarrhoea in children, and seven strains were associated with seven outbreaks of diarrhoea. Strains positive for STa enterotoxin production in the infant mouse test were also assayed for production of LT enterotoxin on Vero cells and by a coagglutination test. Thirty-one strains were STa positive: 28 were isolated from 16 (2.7 %) sporadic cases of diarrhoea and three were responsible for outbreaks. The majority of STa+LT− strains from both outbreaks and sporadic cases were serotype O153.H45 and expressed the CFA/I colonization factor antigen. Enterotoxigenic STa+LT− strains of serotype O27:H7 and STa+LT+ CFA/II+ strains of serotype O6:H15: H16 were also isolated frequently from sporadic cases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 46 (1995), S. 515-519 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Korrosion von Bronze durch Essig- und Ameisensäuredämpfe, Schwefeldioxyd und NatriumchloridpartikelVorliegende Arbeit behandelt die Korrosion von Bronze mit und ohne künstlicher Patina durch Essig- und Ameisensäuredämpfe, Schwefeldioxyd und Natriumchlorid bei relativer Luftfeuchtigkeit von 100%. Die eingesetzten Verfahren waren Gravimetrie, Röntgenstrahlenbeugungsanalyse, Infrarotanalyse und Rasterelektronenmikroskopie. Wie Schwefeldioxyd und Natriumchlorid erzeugen auch Essig- und Ameisensäuredämpfe auf Bronze eine starke Korrosion. Die wichtigsten identifizierten Bestandteile sind Cuprit, Kupferschwefel, hydratisiertes Kupfersulfat, Kupferazetat und Kupferformiat.
    Notes: This paper studies the corrosion of patinated and unpatinated bronze by acetic and formic acid vapours, sulphur dioxide and sodium chloride salt particles, at 100% relative humidity. Weight loss, X-ray diffraction, infrared and scanning electron microscopy were the techniques used. Acetic and formic acid vapours, sulphur dioxide and sodium chloride produce a high corrosion rate on bronze. In general, no protective effect was found by the patina on bronze. The principal compounds identified were Cu2O, Cu2S, Cu5(SO4)2(OH)6 · 5H2O, Cu(CH3CO2)2 · XH2O and Cu(HCO2)2.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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