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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of artificially patinated layers on artistic bronze exposed to laboratory SO2 contamination (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 32 (1997), S. 129-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Artificially patinated artistic bronze was exposed to the action of 0.10 and 12.68 ppm SO2 contamination in the laboratory at 100% relative humidity. The surface layers were characterized using electrochemical, atomic absorption, X-ray powder diffraction techniques and Fourier transform–infrared spectrometry. Thermal and calorimetric studies were also performed. Some of the compounds identified were cuprite (Cu2O), digenite (Cu1.8S), yarrowite (Cu9S8), chalcocite (Cu2S), brochantite (Cu4(OH)6SO4), bonattite (CuSO4·3H2O) and Sn2S3.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018535401657
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrochemical determination of rusted steel surface stability (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 23 (1993), S. 157-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The stability of a rusted steel surface exposed to a 0.11 M sodium sulphate solution has been studied. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, polarization resistance and atomic absorption analysis techniques were used in conjunction with mild steel specimens rusted in a rural atmosphere and treated with different concentrations of phosphoric acid. Since most of the impedance diagrams obtained differ from the typical semicircle, it is not clear how to obtain kinetic information on the corrosion process. The polarization resistance technique gives more useful data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00246953
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Butyl substituents in n-butylamine and their influence on mild steel corrosion inhibition in hydrochloric acid (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 27 (1997), S. 345-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract This paper describes a study of the influence of the butyl group as substituent in n-butylamine used as a mild steel corrosion inhibitor in hydrochloric acid solution. An inhibition mechanism is proposed. n-Butylamine, dibutylamine and tributylamine were studied in concentrations from 10−4 to 1 m and in the temperature range 278–308K using electrochemical, gravimetric and surface roughness techniques. The three inhibitors adsorbed on the mild steel according to a Frumkin isotherm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018441032374
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A SEM study on the galvanic protection of zinc-rich paints (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 25 (1990), S. 2441-2446 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The research is focused directly to the cahodic protection mechanism of zinc-rich paints (ZRP). It is based on a systematic scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation of cross-sections of several ZRP coatings exposed for different time intervals to a 3% (by weight) sodium chloride solution. The effect of vehicle (binder) used in the paint formula and the effect of zinc particle content are considered. As the anodic behaviour of zinc particles depends very closely on coating microstructure, SEM observation of the latter is very useful to investigate the galvanic performance of ZRP. This study confirms that high zinc particle contents and the use of ethyl silicate as a vehicle favour the degree and duration of the cathodic protection. Depending upon whether the zinc particles act anodically or not their attack mechanism is radically different. Accordingly, two attack mechanisms of the zinc particles are proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00638039
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of corrosion products on chalcographic copper plates after 200 years' exposure to indoor atmospheres (1994)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 45 (1994), S. 387-391 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Beschreibung der Korrosionsprodukte auf Kupferstichplatten nach 200jähriger Exposition in AußenatmosphäreDie vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt die Korrosionsprodukte auf sechs chalkographischen Platten des 18. Jahrhunderts aus dem staatlichen Kupferstichkabinett der Königlichen Akademie für Schöne Künste von San Fernando in Madrid. Als Untersuchungsverfahren wurden die Röntgenbeugung, die Infrarotspektroskopie, die Augerspektroskopie und die Röntgenphotoelektronenspektroskopie eingesetzt.Als Hauptbestandteile wurden Malachit CuCO3 · Cu(OH)2, Atakamit CuCl2 · 3Cu(OH)2, Nantochit CuCl, Tenorit CuO und Cuprit Cu2O nachgewiesen. Letzteres ist Hauptbestandteil in den glatten Bereichen der Kupfeiplatten mit Anlauffilmen. Die Stärke dieser Anlauffilme beträgt rund 10-15 Å.
    Notes: This work studies the characterization of corrosion products formed on six eighteenth century chalcographic copper plates preserved in the National Chalcography Collection in the San Fernando Royal Academy of Fine Arts in Madrid. The experimental methods used were X-ray diffraction analysis (XRDA), Infrared spectroscopy (IRS), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).The main compounds found were malachite CuCO3 · Cu(OH)2, atacamite CuCl2· 3Cu(OH)2, nantokite CuCl, tenorite CuO, and cuprite Cu2O. Cuprite is the main compound found on the smooth areas of chalcographic plates, forming tarnish films. The thickness of the tarnish films is approximately 10-15 Å.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19940450704
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The protective action of two vapour phase inhibitors on the corrosion of mild steel (1990)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 41 (1990), S. 343-347 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Schutzwirkung von zwei Dampfphaseninhibitoren bei der Korrosion von StahlUntersucht wurde die Wirkung von zwei Dampfphaseninhibito-ren (Dicyclohexylammoniumnitrit (DICHAN) und Dicyclohexyl-amin (DICHAMIN)) bei der Korrosion von Stahl an der Atmosphäre (100% RF) unter isothermen Bedingungen (25 °C). Um an dünnen adsorbierten Feuchtigkeitsschichten elektrochemische Daten zu erhalten, wurde ein Dampfphaseninhibitor-Monitor entwickelt. Die Meßdaten wurden mit Hilfe von drei elektrochemischen Methoden und mittels Bildanalyse überprüft. Die Versuchsergebnisse zeigen, daß die Korrosion von Stahl durch die beiden Verbindungen gehemmt wird. Der verwendete Monitor in Verbindung mit den elektrochemischen Techniken ermöglicht die Deutung des Inhibierungsmechanismus.
    Notes: The action of two vapour phase inhibitors (VPI), dicyclohexyl-ammonium nitrite (DICHAN) and dicyclohexylamine (DICHAMIN), on the atmospheric corrosion of mild steel at a relative humidity of 100% and under isothermal conditions (25 °C) has been studied. In order to obtain electrochemical data with thin adsorbed moisture layers a vapour phase inhibitor monitor (VPIM) was developed. A check of the data was done by three electrochemical techniques and by the image analysis technique. The tests carried out have revealed that the corrosion rate of mild steel decreases in the presence of DICHAN and DICHAMIN. With the VPIM and the electrochemical techniques used it is possible to understand the inhibition mechanism of these two vapour inhibitors on the atmospheric corrosion of steel.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19900410605
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cleaning of two hundred year-old copper works of art using citric acid with and without benzotriazole and 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole (1996)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 47 (1996), S. 133-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Reinigung 200 Jahre alter Kupferstichplatten in Zitronensäure mit und ohne Zugabe von Benzotriazol und 2-Amino-5-Mercapto-1,3,4-ThiadiazolDie Arbeit berichtet über Untersuchungen mit 5-(Gewichts) prozentiger, nichtinhibierter und mit Benzotriazol (BTA) sowie 2-Amino-5-Mercapto-1,3,4-Thiadiazol (AMT) inhibierter und mit stickstoffentlüfteter Zitronensäure als Mittel zur Reinigung von Kupferstichplatten aus dem 18. und 19. Jahrhundert. Um die Wirkung der Inhibitoren zu kennzeichnen und die chemische Einwirkung (Ätzeffekt) des beschriebenen Reinigungsverfahrens zu quantifizieren, wurden elektrochemische Gleich- und Wechselstromtechniken angewendet.Die Zitronensäure beseitigt die Oberflächenmattierung des Kupfers. Die BTA- und AMT-Inhibitoren sind von vergleichbarer Wirksamkeit. Die Entlüftung vermindert die Korrosion auf Werte, die den mit Inhibitoren erhaltenen ähnlich sind.
    Notes: This paper studies the use of 5% (wt) citric acid without inhibitor, inhibited with benzotriazole (BTA) and 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole (AMT) and de-aerated with nitrogen in the cleaning of 18th and 19th century chalcographic plates. DC and AC electrochemical techniques have been used to characterize the effect of the inhibitors and to quantify the aggressiveness of the cleaning treatment.Citric acid removes copper surface tarnish. BTA and AMT inhibitors are similarly efficient. De-aeration reduces corrosion to levels similar to those obtained with inhibitors.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19960470303
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Corrosion of bronze by acetic and formic acid vapours, sulphur dioxide and sodium chloride particles (1995)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 46 (1995), S. 515-519 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Korrosion von Bronze durch Essig- und Ameisensäuredämpfe, Schwefeldioxyd und NatriumchloridpartikelVorliegende Arbeit behandelt die Korrosion von Bronze mit und ohne künstlicher Patina durch Essig- und Ameisensäuredämpfe, Schwefeldioxyd und Natriumchlorid bei relativer Luftfeuchtigkeit von 100%. Die eingesetzten Verfahren waren Gravimetrie, Röntgenstrahlenbeugungsanalyse, Infrarotanalyse und Rasterelektronenmikroskopie. Wie Schwefeldioxyd und Natriumchlorid erzeugen auch Essig- und Ameisensäuredämpfe auf Bronze eine starke Korrosion. Die wichtigsten identifizierten Bestandteile sind Cuprit, Kupferschwefel, hydratisiertes Kupfersulfat, Kupferazetat und Kupferformiat.
    Notes: This paper studies the corrosion of patinated and unpatinated bronze by acetic and formic acid vapours, sulphur dioxide and sodium chloride salt particles, at 100% relative humidity. Weight loss, X-ray diffraction, infrared and scanning electron microscopy were the techniques used. Acetic and formic acid vapours, sulphur dioxide and sodium chloride produce a high corrosion rate on bronze. In general, no protective effect was found by the patina on bronze. The principal compounds identified were Cu2O, Cu2S, Cu5(SO4)2(OH)6 · 5H2O, Cu(CH3CO2)2 · XH2O and Cu(HCO2)2.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19950460902
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparative study of benzotriazole and 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole as Copper corrosion inhibitors in acid media (1996)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 47 (1996), S. 333-337 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Vergleichende Untersuchung über Benzotriazol und 2-Amino-5-Mercapto-1,3,4-Thiadiazol als Korrosionsinhibitoren für Kupfer in sauren MedienIn der Arbeit wird über das Verhalten von Kupfer gegenüber 5%iger (Gew.-%) Zitronen-, Schwefel- und Salzsäure berichtet. Ferner wird die Wirksamkeit eines 2-Amino-5-Mercapto-1,3,4-Thiadiazol-Inhibitors (AMT) untersucht; die erhaltenen Ergebnisse werden mit den mit Benzotriazolen (BTA) erzielten verglichen. Die verwendeten experimentellen Verfahren sind Gewichtsverlustmessungen, Polarisationskurven und Polarisationswiderstände sowie elektrochemische Impedanzspektroskopie (EIS). AMT ist wirksamer als BTA in Schwefel- und Salzsäure. In Zitronensäure ist das Verhalten beider Korrosionsinhibitoren ähnlich.
    Notes: In this paper the corrosion behaviour of copper in 5% (by weight) citric, sulphuric and hydrochloric acids is studied. The efficiency of 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole (AMT) as a corrosion inhibitor is compared with the use of benzotriazole (BTA). The experimental techniques were weight loss, polarization curves, polarization resistance and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. AMT showed greater inhibition efficiency than BTA in sulphuric and hydrochloric acids. In citric acid AMT and BTA show a similar behaviour.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19960470606
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Corrosion behaviour of highly alloyed stainless steels in mixed chloride and fluoride aqueous solutions (1997)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 48 (1997), S. 216-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Korrosionsverhalten hochlegierter nichtrostender Stähle in chlorid- und fluoridhaltigen wäßrigen LösungenAn zwei Typen von nichtrostenden Stählen -einem Duplex Stahl (ferritisch-austenisch) und zwei austenischen Stahlsorten -- wurde das Korrosionsverhalten unter Anwendung von gravimetrischen und elektrochemischen Verfahrensweisen untersucht. Die verwendeten Elektrolyten waren eine Mischung aus Chloridionen (3000, 9000 und 15000 ppm) und Fluoridionen (4800 und 15000 ppm) mit einem pH-Wert von 3. Die Arbeitstemperatur betrug 60 und 70°C. Die elektrochemischen Ergebnisse zeigen, daß der Duplex-Stahl eine höhere Korrosionsbeständigkeit aufweist. In manchen Fällen zeigte dieser Werkstoff nach 60 Tagen Lochfraß. Die gravimetrischen Ergebnisse zeigen niedrige Korrosionsgeschwindigkeiten bei allen drei untersuchten Materialien.
    Notes: Laboratory weight loss and cyclic potentiodynamic polarization corrosion tests were performed on two types of corrosion resistant alloys, a duplex alloy (ferritic-austenitic stainless steel) and two austenitic stainless steels, in mixtures of chloride (3000, 9000 and 15000 ppm) and fluoride (4800 and 15000 ppm) ions at pH 3. Two temperatures were tested, 60 and 70°C. The electrochemical results indicate that the duplex stainless steel presents high corrosion resistance. Weight loss results show low corrosion rates of the two types of stainless steels after 60 days exposure. Sonic pits-crevices were found under the corrosion crust deposits on the duplex stainless steel.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19970480403
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