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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An opioid mechanism modulates central and not peripheral dopaminergic control of ciliary activity in the marine musselMytilus edulis (1986)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular neurobiology 6 (1986), S. 17-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6830
    Keywords: opioid mechanisms ; ciliary activity ; morphine ; dopamine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary 1. Opioid receptors and enkephalinergic neurons in the central nervous system ofMytilus edulis have been reported. Also known is that the lateral epithelium of the gill is innervated by serotonergic, cilioexcitatory neurons and dopaminergic, cilioinhibitory neurons. The aim of the present report is to look for an effect of opioid agonists on the nervous control of the lateral cilia. 2. Dopamine applied to the cerebral ganglion inhibited the activity of lateral cilia in the gill. This effect was blocked by the application of several opioids to the visceral ganglion. The block was reversed by the application of naloxone to the visceral ganglion. 3. Dopamine applied to the visceral ganglion also inhibited lateral ciliary activity as shown earlier. Opioids applied to the visceral ganglion partially blocked this effect but this was overcome by higher concentrations of dopamine. 4. Preparations with low endogenous rates of ciliary beating were stimulated by the application of opioids to the visceral ganglion. Naloxone blocked this effect. 5. Preparations with high endogenous rates of ciliary beating were inhibited by the application of naloxone to the visceral ganglion. 7. Electrical stimulation of the cerebrovisceral connective produced excitatory and inhibitory effects depending on the rate of stimulation. Morphine applied to the visceral ganglion diminished the cilioinhibitory effects and enhanced the cilioexcitatory effects of electrical stimulation. 8. Morphine applied to the gill had no effect on the cilioinhibitory action of dopamine applied to the visceral ganglion. There was no observable effect of opioids applied to the gill and no alteration in the cilioinhibitory effect of dopamine or the cilioexcitatory effect of serotonin applied directly to the gill in the presence of opioids. 9. Specific opioid binding sites were found in the visceral ganglion but were not found in gill, palp, mantle, or visceral mass tissue. 10. A dopamine-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity was again found in the visceral ganglion and the gill. Etorphine reduced the dopamine stimulation of cyclase in the ganglion but not in the gill. 11. It is postulated that a cilioinhibitory, dopaminergic mechanism includes nerves running from the cerebral ganglion to the gill with synaptic transmission in the visceral ganglion that can be modulated by opioids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00742972
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aging alterations in the modulation of central dopaminergic cilioinhibition by etorphine in the marine mussel,Mytilus edulis: Decrease in the inhibition of presynaptic dopamine release (1987)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular neurobiology 7 (1987), S. 209-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6830
    Keywords: aging ; dopamine ; etorphine ; presynaptic ; Mytilus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary 1. This report further demonstrates that etorphine influences presynaptic dopamine release, which in turn centrally modulates peripheral cilioinhibition. 2. In older animals cilioinhibition has become enhanced due to a lack of responsiveness to endogenous opioids which results in greater dopamine release, causing a higher level of cilioinhibition as demonstrated by challenging the visceral ganglia with etorphine or destroying the dopaminergic component with 6-hydroxydopamine. 3. Only the central cilioinhibitory, not the peripheral inhibitory response, mechanism appears to be altered in older animals. Thus, the alteration appears in the central integrative mechanisms involved with regulating ciliary activity. 4. The KCl-stimulated release of dopamine is unaltered in both young and old organisms, whereas the opiate inhibition of the KCl-stimulated release of dopamine is reduced in older organisms. Thus, the aging-associated alteration is associated with a specific process. 5. The reduction of opioid influence and the resulting enhanced cilioinhibitory activity may make the organisms more susceptible to environmental stress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00711555
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cinemicrographic analysis of beat dynamics of human respiratory cilia (1982)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 2 (1982), S. 35-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970020709
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ciliary function of the frog oro-pharyngeal epithelium (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 178 (1977), S. 267-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ciliated epithelium, frog ; Cilia ; Coordination ; Mucous transport ; Scanning electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The palate epithelium of the frog was examined by scanning electron microscopy, light microscopy and high speed cine micrography. The cilia remain stationary for much of the time in the end-of-effective stroke position. Each beat cycle begins with a forwardly-directed recovery stroke lasting about 60 ms, followed by an effective stroke towards the oesophagus lasting about 12 ms. Activity can often be correlated with the presence of mucus, which is carried as strands on the tips of the ciliary effective strokes whilst the recovery strokes move beneath the mucus. Coordination of ciliary activity was very variable; local antiplectic metachrony of the recovery strokes could almost always be seen, and on very active epithelia effective strokes were associated with approximately diaplectic waves (either to left or right), but any particular pattern of coordinated activity was transient and quickly transformed to another pattern. Beating and coordination of these short cilia were compared with those of cilia propelling water.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219053
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cholinergic nerves stimulate mucociliary transport, ciliary activity, and mucus secretion in the frog palate (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 227 (1982), S. 413-421 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Frog palate ; Mucociliary transport ; Ciliary activity ; Mucus secretion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Mucociliary transport, ciliary activity, and mucus secretion were studied in the palate of the frog Rana pipiens by direct observation, stroboscopic synchronization of ciliary beating, and histochemistry. Excised palates were studied in vitro, and intact palates were studied in vivo. Electrical stimulation of the glossopharyngeal nerve in vivo or of the palatine nerve in vitro stimulated all three activities. The effect was mimicked by acetylcholine and pilocarpine, enhanced by physostigmine, and blocked by atropine but unaffected by d-tubocurarine. Stimulation increased the number of cilia beating and their rate of beating, the number of goblet cells secreting and, for small acidic cells, the amount of mucus secreted, and the rate and extent of particle transport. The response to tactile stimulation was locally restricted in vitro but widespread in vivo. It was concluded that, although there is a low basal rate of mucus secretion and ciliary activity that is independent of nervous control, stimulation of these activities in the intact animal is mediated through the central nervous system and cholinergic nerves to the palate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210895
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of the cilioexcitatory substance present in the gill of the mussel Mytilus edulisThis work was supported in part by a grant from the United States Public Health Service and by a grant-in-aid from the American Medical Association. (1962)
    Philadelphia : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 60 (1962), S. 17-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 0095-9898
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1030600103
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