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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 733 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1534-4681
    Schlagwort(e): Chemoradiation ; Rectal cancer ; Proctobiopsy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Background: Rectal carcinoma tends to recur locally, with invasion of adjacent organs and significant pelvic pain. Both radiation therapy alone and combined chemoradiation have been used in an attempt to decrease the local recurrence rate and thereby improve survival. Although preoperative chemoradiation can clinically downstage rectal tumors, the pathologic extent of the residual disease has not been studied. Methods: Thirty-seven patients with T3 rectal cancer diagnosed by transrectal ultrasonography (uT3) received 45 Gy with continuous infusion 5-fluorouracil (300 mg/m2/day). Proctoscopy with mucosal/submucosal biopsy was performed in patients (16 of 37) posttreatment and before definitive surgery. Results: Microscopic evaluation of the 37 resected specimens showed a 30% (11 patients) pathologic complete remission rate. The pattern of residual disease in the remaining 26 patients showed that nine (25%) had microscopic residual tumor without evidence of mucosal involvement. Of the 14 patients with a negative proctoscopic evaluation and biopsy only, five (36%) had no residual tumor on final pathology. Conclusions: After chemoradiation, the pathologic presentation of rectal cancer may be altered, making endoscopic procedures and mucosal/submucosal biopsies unreliable in detection of residual disease. Despite the relatively good pathologic complete remission rate noted in this study, all patients undergoing chemoradiation for uT3 rectal carcinomas need definitive surgical resection to confirm a complete clinical remission.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Annals of surgical oncology 6 (1999), S. 771-776 
    ISSN: 1534-4681
    Schlagwort(e): Brain ; Gastric cancer ; Metastasis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Background: Metastasis of gastric carcinoma to the brain is very uncommon. At The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center (M. D. Anderson), less than 1% of patients with primary gastric carcinoma are found to have brain metastases. Little has been published regarding the evaluation and treatment of these patients. The purpose of this study was to review our experience with gastric cancer metastatic to the brain and to describe the efficacy of the treatment used. Methods: Between 1957 and 1997, a total of 218,690 patients were seen for evaluation of malignant tumors at M. D. Anderson. Of these patients, 3320 (1.5%) had a diagnosis of gastric cancer; however, only 24 patients (0.7%) were found to have brain metastases on imaging studies or at autopsy. We performed a retrospective review of these 24 patients and divided them into three groups on the basis of the treatment they received. Results: Group 1 included patients who received steroids alone (16 mg of dexamethasone, daily). Group 2 patients received 3000 cGy of whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT) delivered in 10 fractions in addition to steroids. Group 3 patients were managed with surgical resection, WBRT, and steroids. There were 18 male and 6 female patients, with a median age of 53 years. The most common presenting symptoms were weakness, difficulty with balance, and headache. Of the 19 patients diagnosed antemortem, 11 patients developed neurological symptoms after the primary diagnosis of gastric carcinoma, whereas 8 patients developed neurological symptoms before the diagnosis of gastric cancer. Forty-five percent of patients had a single brain metastasis, whereas 55% had multiple lesions. All patients had systemic disease, with bone, liver, and lung involvement seen in 46%, 42%, and 29%, respectively. Nineteen of 24 patients received treatment after diagnosis of brain metastases. Four patients received steroids only (group 1), 11 patients received WBRT and steroids (group 2), and 4 patients were treated with surgery, WBRT, and steroids (group 3). Median survival was approximately 2 months for patients in groups 1 and 2, whereas group 3 patients had a median survival of slightly greater than 1 year. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the overall prognosis of patients with brain metastases from gastric cancer is extremely poor (median survival, 9 weeks). WBRT, as an adjuvant to steroid treatment, was not effective in improving outcome in our series. In selected patients, most of whom were relatively young and had less advanced systemic disease, surgical resection followed by WBRT was associated with relatively long survival times (median survival, 54 weeks).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1436-3305
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: tumor markers ; CEA ; CA-125 ; gastric cancer
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Background. Laparoscopy has become a useful adjunct for the staging of gastric cancer; yet, other than standard TNM staging, few additional variables can be used to predict survival. This study evaluated the utility of serum and peritoneal tumor markers (carcinoembryonic antigen [CEA] and carbohydrate antigen [CA]-125) as predictors of locoregional recurrence and distant disease-free survival in patients with gastric cancer. Methods. During the period June 1990 to February 1994, 86 patients with gastric cancer were evaluated and deemed resectable by preoperative imaging studies. Serum levels of CEA and CA-125 were determined, and all patients underwent laparoscopic staging. Peritoneal washings were obtained from all patients, and 56 of these samples were evaluated for levels of CEA and CA-125. Results. Sixteen (19%) of the 86 patients were found to have metastatic disease at laparoscopy; 67 of the remaining 70 patients underwent potentially curative gastrectomy. Serum CEA and CA-125 levels were predictive of survival in the entire group of patients. In patients who underwent curative gastrectomy, serum CEA predicted survival, whereas peritoneal CA-125 predicted peritoneal recurrence. Conclusions. Elevated serum levels of CEA and CA-125 are predictive of decreased survival in patients with gastric cancer. Furthermore, determination of peritoneal CA-125 helps to identify those patients at an increased risk for recurrent peritoneal disease.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. The hypervascular nature of carcinoid tumors and their metastases allows a more aggressive role by the radiologist in diagnosis and interventional management. Double-contrast gastrointestinal studies still best define the primary neoplasms. Appendiceal tumors, the most frequent site of carcinoids, frequently escape radiologic detection until large enough to be discovered by computed tomography (CT). Superior mesenteric arteriography of the small bowel and cecum is useful when the scanning procedures are not revealing. The “spokewheel” configuration of the desmoplastic mesenteric masses and lymph node metastases are best seen by CT, whereas hepatic metastases can be demonstrated by CT, CT-angioportography (CTAP), ultrasonography (US), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and octreotide scintigraphy. Percutaneous needle biopsy with radiologic guidance confirms the diagnosis of carcinoid tumors and their metastases. Hepatic arteriography is frequently performed in preparation for hepatic embolization or chemoembolization. Hepatic vascular occlusion therapy, the procedure of choice for the management of inoperable carcinoid liver metastases, results in a partial response in at least 50% of patients and a mortality rate of 5%. Chemoembolization with microencapsulated cytotoxic agents and direct percutaneous ethanol injection should also be considered for the treatment of liver metastases.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 19 (1995), S. 216-220 
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé L'incidence du cancer gastrique dans le monde a diminué depuis quelques décennies, mais ce cancer reste la tumeur maligne la plus fréquente dans plusieurs pays comme le Japon, le Chili et le Costa Rica. Le cancer gastrique, moins fréquent que par le passé, est la huitième cause de mort par cancer aux Etats-Unis. Pour les cancers gastriques localisés, la chirurgie reste la thérapeutique la plus efficace donnant un taux de guérison peu élevé mais constant. Les tumeurs non résécables constituent un groupe sans espoir de guérison sauf pour une minorité qui répond à la radiochimio-thérapie. Dans les pays de l'Occident, en raison principalement de l'absence de diagnostic précoce, les taux de résection à visée curatrice restent désolément bas. Les stratègies adjuvantes post-opératoires, aux Etats-Unis comme en Europe, ne sont pas efficaces. Même les patients ayant cu une résection à visé curatrice out parfois des récidives intrapéritonéales ou systémiques en plus des récidives locorégionales. C'est pourquoi la plupart des investigateurs explorent actuellement les possibilités de la chimiothérapie systémique préopératoire et intrapéritonéale postopératoire. Le chimiothérapie préopératoire paraît intéressante car elle réduit la taille de la tumeur primitive, autorisant un meilleur taux de résection à visée curative. La chimiothérapie préopératoire agissant contre les micrométastases pourrait être biologiquement plus efficace. Jusqu'à présent, plusieurs études utilisant la chimio-thérapie préopératoire ont démontré sa faisabilité. L'efficacité de plusieurs cures de chimiothérapie intrapéritonéale reste un sujet de débat, en raison essentiellement de l'inégalité de la diffusion des drogues cytotoxiques et des effets secondaires. D'autres investigations sont nécessaires pour améliorer le bilan préopératoire notamment par l'utilisation de l'échoendoscopie et de la laparoscopie. Une meilleure combinaison de chimiothérapie préopératoire pouvant donner une réponse complète d'entre 5 et 10% sans toxicité secondair est nécessaire avant de commencer des études à grande échelle.
    Kurzfassung: Resumen La incidencia de carcinoma gástrico ha disminuido en todo el mundo en el curso de los últimos decenios, pero sigue siendo la neoplasia más común en varios países, especialmente en Japón, Chile y Costa Rica. El carcinoma gástrico, aunque no tan frecuente en los Estados Unidos como lo fue en el pasado, es la octava causa de muerte por cáncer. Para los pacientes con carcinoma gástrico localizado la cirugía sigue siendo la modalidad terapéutica más efectiva; resulta en una tasa de curación consistente pero bastante baja. El carcinoma no resecable es una enfermedad incurable con excepción de una pequeña fracción de pacientes que pueden ser salvados mediante quimio-radioterapia. En los países occidentales, debido a la dificultad para establecer un diagnóstico precoz, la resección curativa ha sido deplorable. Por lo demás, las estrategias de terapia postoperatoria coadyuvante han sido ineficaces en Estados Unidos y en Europa. Aun los pacientes sometidos a resección curativa con frecuencia desarrollan estensión carcinomatosa intraperitoneal y sistémica, además de las recidivas locales-regionales. Es por ello que muchos investigadores, por lo tanto, se han embarcado en nuevas estrategias terapéuticas de quimioterapia preoperatoria y de quimioterapia intraperitoneal postoperatoria. La quimioterapia preoperatoria es particularmente atrayente en virtud de su potencial para reducir el tamaaño del tumor primario, lo cual permite incrementar la tasa de resección curativa; la terapia sistémica precoz orientada al control de las micrometástasis eventualmente puede comprobar su eficacia. Hasta la fecha, varios estudios que utilizan quimioterapia preoperatoria ya han demostrado su factibilidad. Le eficacia de cursos repetidos de quimioterapia intraperitoneal postoperatoria sigue sin confirmarse, principalmente por lo inadecuado de la distribución peritoneal de la droga así como de los efectos tóxicos asociados. Se requieren más investigaciones para mejorar la estadificación preoperatoria con el uso de la ultrasonografía endoscópica y la laparoscopia (estadificación peritoneal). Combinaciones más efectivas de quimioterapia preoperatoria que pueden dar lugar a tasas de respuesta total del orden del 5 al 10% en presencia de toxicidad modesta deben ser establecidas antes de iniciar ensayos clínicos de gran escala. El impacto de estas estrategies noveles sobre las tasas de resección, las fallas del tratamiento y la sobrevida de los pacientes sólo puede ser determinado mediante ensayos clínicos controlados y cuidadosamente diseñados.
    Notizen: Abstract The incidence of gastric carcinoma has declined worldwide during the past several decades, and yet this cancer remains the most common malignancy in several countries around the world, particularly Japan, Chile, and Costa Rica. Gastric carcinoma, although not as common in the United States as it was in the past, is still the eighth most frequent cause of cancer death. For patients with localized gastric carcinoma, surgery remains the most effective therapy, resulting in a consistent but low rate of cure. Unresectable gastric carcinoma is an incurable disease with the exception of a small fraction of patients who are salvaged with chemoradiotherapy. In Western countries curative resection rates have been dismal because of the lack of early diagnosis. Additionally, postoperative adjuvant strategies in the United States and Europe have been ineffective. Even patients with curative resection frequently develop intraperitoneal and systemic carcinoma in addition to locoregional relapses. Many investigators have therefore embarked on the therapeutic strategies of preoperative chemotherapy and postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy. The preoperative chemotherapy strategy has particular appeal because of its potential to reduce the size of the primary tumor, thereby allowing a higher rate of curative resection; early systemic therapy of micrometastates might prove biologically more effective. To date, several studies using preoperative chemotherapy have demonstrated its feasibility. The effectiveness of repeated courses of postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy remains unsettled mainly owing to the inadequacy of peritoneal drug distribution and the associated toxic effects. Additional investigations are necessary to improve preoperative staging with the use of endoscopic ultrasonography and laparoscopy (peritoneal staging). More effective preoperative chemotherapy combinations that might lead to 5% to 10% complete pathologic response in the presence of modest toxicity must be established prior to launching large-scale trials. The impact of these novel strategies on resection rates, failure sites, and patients' survival can be determined only by carefully designed, controlled clinical trials.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-0843
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The purpose of this study was to evaluate the response rate, methotrexate plasma levels, and toxicity of a three-drug regimen in patients with gastric carcinoma. A total of 37 patients with advanced measurable adenocarcinoma of the stomach were treated with Adriamycin, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil (AMF). Adriamycin and methotrexate were given as i.v. infusions on day 1; 24 h following methotrexate administration, patients received an i.v. infusion of 5-fluorouracil concomitantly with oral leukovorin factor (given over 48 h). Methotrexate levels were monitored regularly in all patients, and courses were repeated every 3 weeks. The median dose levels per course were 50 mg/m2 (range, 40–60 mg/m2) for Adriamycin, 1,000 mg/m2 (range, 650–1,250 mg/m2) for 5-fluorouracil, and 500 mg/m2 (range, 160–625 mg/m2) for methotrexate. Of 36 evaluable patients, 8 (22%) achieved an objective response, including 1 complete remission. Stable disease was noted in 11 patients and a minor tumor regression occurred in 1. The median survival duration of all patients was 6 months (range, 2–31 + months). AMF was well tolerated; toxicities were mild to moderate, most frequently involving nausea and vomiting, mucositis, and neutropenia with or without fever. There was no death directly attributable to chemotherapy. Although the AMF regimen used a well-documented preclinical concept of synergism between methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil, response and survival results suggest a modest activity of this combination in patients with gastric cancer. Better preclinical models are necessary for the development of effective combination chemotherapy.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Schlagwort(e): Methotrexate ; Bone marrow ; Soft agar ; Cytotoxicity ; GM-CFUC
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The effect of drug concentration, exposure duration, and culture conditions on the cytotoxic activity of methotrexate (MTX) on normal granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming units in culture (GM-CFUC) was studied using a bilayer soft agar system with nucleoside-free medium. The degree of inhibition of colony formation depended on the type of serum supplementation. A 1 h or 2 h pulse treatment with 2×10-4 M (100 μg/ml) MTX failed to kill GM-CFUC, when the cells were subsequently plated in a system containing 15% undialyzed fetal bovine serum (FBS). For continuous exposure the observed LD50 of MTX in the agar system was higher than 10-4 M for 15% undialyzed FBS, 10-5 M for 15% dialyzed FBS plus 0.25% undialyzed FBS, 10-6 M for 15% dialyzed FBS, and 10-8 M for 15% undialyzed horse serum. The difference for dialyzed FBS versus horse serum can be explained by differences in nucleoside concentrations. The difference for dialyzed FBS versus horse serum may be secondary to an enhancer of MTX in horse serum. For studying MTX sensitivity of human tumor cells in vitro, we suggest testing conditions that lie within the dose survival curve of GM-CFUC.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 114 (1988), S. 533-535 
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-0646
    Schlagwort(e): didemnin B ; colorectal cancer
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Didemnin B is a depsipeptide derived from a Caribbean tunicate (sea squirt) that has demonstrated antineoplastic activity against a variety of murine tumor models, including the L1210 and P388 leukemia, the B16 melanoma, and M5076 sarcoma cell lines. Based on these data, we designed a phase II trial in which 15 patients with measureable, unresectable colorectal cancer were treated with Didemnin B at an initial dosage of 3.47 mg/m2 over 30 minutes administered by intravenous infusion every 28 days; the dosage was altered in accordance with the toxicity observed, with only one patient requiring a dosage reduction for pronounced nausea and vomiting. No hematologie or nonhematologic toxicity developed. No complete or partial responses were observed. These results do not compare favorably with results of treatments using other single agents or combinations that are currently available for the treatment of advanced colorectal cancers. However, because of the tolerable levels of toxicity experienced by in our patients, it is possible that an insufficient dose of the medication was delivered. We concluded that Didemnin B is not active against of colorectal cancers at the dosage and schedule at which it was administered in this study.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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