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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 19 (1995), S. 216-220 
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé L'incidence du cancer gastrique dans le monde a diminué depuis quelques décennies, mais ce cancer reste la tumeur maligne la plus fréquente dans plusieurs pays comme le Japon, le Chili et le Costa Rica. Le cancer gastrique, moins fréquent que par le passé, est la huitième cause de mort par cancer aux Etats-Unis. Pour les cancers gastriques localisés, la chirurgie reste la thérapeutique la plus efficace donnant un taux de guérison peu élevé mais constant. Les tumeurs non résécables constituent un groupe sans espoir de guérison sauf pour une minorité qui répond à la radiochimio-thérapie. Dans les pays de l'Occident, en raison principalement de l'absence de diagnostic précoce, les taux de résection à visée curatrice restent désolément bas. Les stratègies adjuvantes post-opératoires, aux Etats-Unis comme en Europe, ne sont pas efficaces. Même les patients ayant cu une résection à visé curatrice out parfois des récidives intrapéritonéales ou systémiques en plus des récidives locorégionales. C'est pourquoi la plupart des investigateurs explorent actuellement les possibilités de la chimiothérapie systémique préopératoire et intrapéritonéale postopératoire. Le chimiothérapie préopératoire paraît intéressante car elle réduit la taille de la tumeur primitive, autorisant un meilleur taux de résection à visée curative. La chimiothérapie préopératoire agissant contre les micrométastases pourrait être biologiquement plus efficace. Jusqu'à présent, plusieurs études utilisant la chimio-thérapie préopératoire ont démontré sa faisabilité. L'efficacité de plusieurs cures de chimiothérapie intrapéritonéale reste un sujet de débat, en raison essentiellement de l'inégalité de la diffusion des drogues cytotoxiques et des effets secondaires. D'autres investigations sont nécessaires pour améliorer le bilan préopératoire notamment par l'utilisation de l'échoendoscopie et de la laparoscopie. Une meilleure combinaison de chimiothérapie préopératoire pouvant donner une réponse complète d'entre 5 et 10% sans toxicité secondair est nécessaire avant de commencer des études à grande échelle.
    Kurzfassung: Resumen La incidencia de carcinoma gástrico ha disminuido en todo el mundo en el curso de los últimos decenios, pero sigue siendo la neoplasia más común en varios países, especialmente en Japón, Chile y Costa Rica. El carcinoma gástrico, aunque no tan frecuente en los Estados Unidos como lo fue en el pasado, es la octava causa de muerte por cáncer. Para los pacientes con carcinoma gástrico localizado la cirugía sigue siendo la modalidad terapéutica más efectiva; resulta en una tasa de curación consistente pero bastante baja. El carcinoma no resecable es una enfermedad incurable con excepción de una pequeña fracción de pacientes que pueden ser salvados mediante quimio-radioterapia. En los países occidentales, debido a la dificultad para establecer un diagnóstico precoz, la resección curativa ha sido deplorable. Por lo demás, las estrategias de terapia postoperatoria coadyuvante han sido ineficaces en Estados Unidos y en Europa. Aun los pacientes sometidos a resección curativa con frecuencia desarrollan estensión carcinomatosa intraperitoneal y sistémica, además de las recidivas locales-regionales. Es por ello que muchos investigadores, por lo tanto, se han embarcado en nuevas estrategias terapéuticas de quimioterapia preoperatoria y de quimioterapia intraperitoneal postoperatoria. La quimioterapia preoperatoria es particularmente atrayente en virtud de su potencial para reducir el tamaaño del tumor primario, lo cual permite incrementar la tasa de resección curativa; la terapia sistémica precoz orientada al control de las micrometástasis eventualmente puede comprobar su eficacia. Hasta la fecha, varios estudios que utilizan quimioterapia preoperatoria ya han demostrado su factibilidad. Le eficacia de cursos repetidos de quimioterapia intraperitoneal postoperatoria sigue sin confirmarse, principalmente por lo inadecuado de la distribución peritoneal de la droga así como de los efectos tóxicos asociados. Se requieren más investigaciones para mejorar la estadificación preoperatoria con el uso de la ultrasonografía endoscópica y la laparoscopia (estadificación peritoneal). Combinaciones más efectivas de quimioterapia preoperatoria que pueden dar lugar a tasas de respuesta total del orden del 5 al 10% en presencia de toxicidad modesta deben ser establecidas antes de iniciar ensayos clínicos de gran escala. El impacto de estas estrategies noveles sobre las tasas de resección, las fallas del tratamiento y la sobrevida de los pacientes sólo puede ser determinado mediante ensayos clínicos controlados y cuidadosamente diseñados.
    Notizen: Abstract The incidence of gastric carcinoma has declined worldwide during the past several decades, and yet this cancer remains the most common malignancy in several countries around the world, particularly Japan, Chile, and Costa Rica. Gastric carcinoma, although not as common in the United States as it was in the past, is still the eighth most frequent cause of cancer death. For patients with localized gastric carcinoma, surgery remains the most effective therapy, resulting in a consistent but low rate of cure. Unresectable gastric carcinoma is an incurable disease with the exception of a small fraction of patients who are salvaged with chemoradiotherapy. In Western countries curative resection rates have been dismal because of the lack of early diagnosis. Additionally, postoperative adjuvant strategies in the United States and Europe have been ineffective. Even patients with curative resection frequently develop intraperitoneal and systemic carcinoma in addition to locoregional relapses. Many investigators have therefore embarked on the therapeutic strategies of preoperative chemotherapy and postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy. The preoperative chemotherapy strategy has particular appeal because of its potential to reduce the size of the primary tumor, thereby allowing a higher rate of curative resection; early systemic therapy of micrometastates might prove biologically more effective. To date, several studies using preoperative chemotherapy have demonstrated its feasibility. The effectiveness of repeated courses of postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy remains unsettled mainly owing to the inadequacy of peritoneal drug distribution and the associated toxic effects. Additional investigations are necessary to improve preoperative staging with the use of endoscopic ultrasonography and laparoscopy (peritoneal staging). More effective preoperative chemotherapy combinations that might lead to 5% to 10% complete pathologic response in the presence of modest toxicity must be established prior to launching large-scale trials. The impact of these novel strategies on resection rates, failure sites, and patients' survival can be determined only by carefully designed, controlled clinical trials.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1534-4681
    Schlagwort(e): Chemoradiation ; Rectal cancer ; Proctobiopsy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Background: Rectal carcinoma tends to recur locally, with invasion of adjacent organs and significant pelvic pain. Both radiation therapy alone and combined chemoradiation have been used in an attempt to decrease the local recurrence rate and thereby improve survival. Although preoperative chemoradiation can clinically downstage rectal tumors, the pathologic extent of the residual disease has not been studied. Methods: Thirty-seven patients with T3 rectal cancer diagnosed by transrectal ultrasonography (uT3) received 45 Gy with continuous infusion 5-fluorouracil (300 mg/m2/day). Proctoscopy with mucosal/submucosal biopsy was performed in patients (16 of 37) posttreatment and before definitive surgery. Results: Microscopic evaluation of the 37 resected specimens showed a 30% (11 patients) pathologic complete remission rate. The pattern of residual disease in the remaining 26 patients showed that nine (25%) had microscopic residual tumor without evidence of mucosal involvement. Of the 14 patients with a negative proctoscopic evaluation and biopsy only, five (36%) had no residual tumor on final pathology. Conclusions: After chemoradiation, the pathologic presentation of rectal cancer may be altered, making endoscopic procedures and mucosal/submucosal biopsies unreliable in detection of residual disease. Despite the relatively good pathologic complete remission rate noted in this study, all patients undergoing chemoradiation for uT3 rectal carcinomas need definitive surgical resection to confirm a complete clinical remission.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Annals of surgical oncology 6 (1999), S. 3-3 
    ISSN: 1534-4681
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Annals of surgical oncology 3 (1996), S. 419-420 
    ISSN: 1534-4681
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 43 (2000), S. 1347-1348 
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 37 (1994), S. 444-449 
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Schlagwort(e): Laparoscopy ; Ileostomy ; Colostomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract PURPOSE: We report our early experiences with laparoscopic intestinal stomas, describing the indications, the surgical techniques, and the complications of this new procedure. METHODS: The medical records of the 17 patients who had successfully undergone laparoscopic intestinal diversion at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center were reviewed. RESULTS: The mean follow-up of this group has been 24.3 (range, 3–61) weeks. Seven patients had their stomas created as part of a laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection, six patients underwent palliative laparoscopic colostomy for an obstructing tumor of the rectum, or a colorectal-genitourinary fistula, and four patients treated by local excision of a rectal cancer were believed to require proximal protecting fecal diversion. All six patients treated with palliative intent experienced successful relief from their obstruction or fistula, and were able to resume enteral nutrition. Complications included prolapse in one patient and paracolostomy hernia in another. Neither complication required furthur operative correction. Pneumoperitoneum was established in all patients using an open technique. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopy is a well-tolerated and effective method of creating intestinal stomas for a variety of indications. As more experience is gained with this procedure, we anticipate that laparoscopy will become the preferred method of establishing intestinal diversion.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Annals of surgical oncology 2 (1995), S. 3-5 
    ISSN: 1534-4681
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Annals of surgical oncology 7 (2000), S. 82-84 
    ISSN: 1534-4681
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1436-3305
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: tumor markers ; CEA ; CA-125 ; gastric cancer
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Background. Laparoscopy has become a useful adjunct for the staging of gastric cancer; yet, other than standard TNM staging, few additional variables can be used to predict survival. This study evaluated the utility of serum and peritoneal tumor markers (carcinoembryonic antigen [CEA] and carbohydrate antigen [CA]-125) as predictors of locoregional recurrence and distant disease-free survival in patients with gastric cancer. Methods. During the period June 1990 to February 1994, 86 patients with gastric cancer were evaluated and deemed resectable by preoperative imaging studies. Serum levels of CEA and CA-125 were determined, and all patients underwent laparoscopic staging. Peritoneal washings were obtained from all patients, and 56 of these samples were evaluated for levels of CEA and CA-125. Results. Sixteen (19%) of the 86 patients were found to have metastatic disease at laparoscopy; 67 of the remaining 70 patients underwent potentially curative gastrectomy. Serum CEA and CA-125 levels were predictive of survival in the entire group of patients. In patients who underwent curative gastrectomy, serum CEA predicted survival, whereas peritoneal CA-125 predicted peritoneal recurrence. Conclusions. Elevated serum levels of CEA and CA-125 are predictive of decreased survival in patients with gastric cancer. Furthermore, determination of peritoneal CA-125 helps to identify those patients at an increased risk for recurrent peritoneal disease.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-0646
    Schlagwort(e): difluoromethylornithine ; ornithine ; thrombocytopenia ; antitumor activity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The dose limiting toxicity of difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), when administered by continuous infusion, is thrombocytopenia. DFMO-induced antitumor activity and thrombocytopenia were time- and dosedependent up to 1700 mg/kg/d when administered continuously for 12 days. Concomitant ornithine administration (at selected molar ratios to DFMO) ameliorated thrombocytopenia induced by DFMO at a dose of 2000 mg/kg/day without adversely affecting its antitumor activity. The purpose of this study was to determine if ornithine could ameliorate the thrombocytopenia of higher DFMO doses and increase the efficacy of DFMO. Fischer 344 male rats with a transplantable sarcoma in the right flank were given 2000 and 3500 mg/kg/d DFMO alone or with ornithine at a molar ratio of 0.4 for 8 days by continuous infusion. Concomitant ornithine infusion overcame the thrombocytopenia that was induced by either dose of DFMO without reducing the antitumor activity against the sarcoma. The antitumor activity, tumor polyamine levels, and tumor S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase activity did not consistently change with increasing doses of DFMO or with the addition of ornithine to the infusion regimen. These results demonstrate that the thrombocytopenia induced by doses of DFMO greater than 2000 mg/kg/d can be ameliorated without compromising the antitumor activity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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