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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phylogenetic analysis of Syntrophobacter wolinii reveals a relationship with sulfate-reducing bacteria (1993)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 160 (1993), S. 238-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Syntrophobacter wolinii ; Syntrophic bacteria ; Sulfate ; reducing bacteria ; PCR ; 16S rRNA ; Phylogeny
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A 16S rRNA sequence analysis of Syntrophobacter wolinii was done by using PCR amplification of the 16S rRNA-genes from DNA isolated from the S. wolinii-Desulfovibrio sp. coculture. Phylogenetic analysis using the obtained sequence revealed that S. wolinii was not related to bacteria growing syntrophically on other fatty acids than propionate, but was related to sulfate-reducing bacteria. The closest related bacteria are Desulfomonile tiedjei and Desulfoarculus baarsii.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00249130
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ag13 is expressed in Alnus glutinosa nodules in infected cells during endosymbiont degradation and in the nodule pericycle (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 99 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We isolated and characterized an Alnus glutinosa cDNA clone, pAg13, which corresponds to a gene expressed at higher levels in nodules induced by Frankia than in roots. The deduced polypeptide sequence is rich in glutamic acid and proline and contains a putative signal peptide indicating an extracellular location of Ag13. In situ hybridization showed that ag13 is expressed in the pericycle of the nodule vascular bundle and in infected cells that exhibited degradation of the endosymbiont.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1997.tb05363.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the malate-aspartate shuttle in the N2-fixing endophyte of Alnus glutinosa (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 53 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The occurrence and localization of enzymes involved in energy supply and biosynthesis was studied in root nodules of Alnus glutinosa (L.) Vill. Vesicle clusters of the endophyte, Frankia sp., contain NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, fumarase and malate dehydrogenase. The data indicate that both the endophyte and the host are capable of metabolizing carbon compounds via the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Both vesicle clusters of the endophyte and root nodule cells contain glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase which can function in a malate-aspartate shuttle. This might enable transport of reducing equivalents from the host cell cytoplasm to the endophyte.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1981.tb04502.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogenase is restricted to the vesicles in Frankia strain EAN1pec (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 70 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The presence of nitrogenase in vesicles and hyphae of Frankia EAN1pec was investigated by using immunogold labelling on ultrathin cryosections for electron microscopy. These studies resulted in the specific labelling of nitrogenase in the vesicles of nitrogen-fixing cultures. No significant label could be found in the hyphae, indicating a strong repression of nitrogenase in the hyphae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1987.tb06143.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbon metabolism of Frankia spp. in root nodules of Alnus glutinosa and Hippophaë rhamnoides (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 54 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The occurrence and localization of enzymes involved in glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle and glyoxylate cycle in root nodules of Alnus glutinosa (L.) Vill. and Hippophaë rhamnoides L. ssp. rhamnoides were studied. The following enzymes, catalyzing reversible steps in the glycolysis, were found in both the endophyte Frankia spp. and the plant cytosol of Alnus nodules: fructose-1,6-diphosphate aldolase, glyceralde-hyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphoglycerate kinase and enolase. The enzymes catalyzing irreversible steps in glycolysis, viz. hexokinase and pyruvate kinase, were detectable only in the plant cytosol. Similar results were obtained with nodule homogenates of Hippophaë. This indicates the absence of a complete glycolysis in the endophyte. Vesicle clusters of the nodule endophyte of Alnus contained various dehydrogenases of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and showed activity of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase. Respiration studies showed that vesicle clusters take up oxygen when supplied with NAD, glutamate and malate together. No oxygen uptake was found when any of these compounds was omitted. Vesicle clusters from both Alnus and Hippophaë nodules showed no detectable activity of the glyoxylate cycle enzymes isocitrate lyase and malate synthase. Since these enzymes are known to be present in Frankia Avcll, when grown in a medium with Tween 80 as carbon source, it is suggested that the glyoxylate cycle enzymes are repressed in the root-nodule symbioses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1982.tb00709.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gelatinase biosynthesis-activating pheromone: a peptide lactone that mediates a quorum sensing in Enterococcus faecalis (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 41 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Biosynthesis of gelatinase, a virulence factor of Enterococcus faecalis, was found to be regulated in a cell density-dependent fashion in which its production is active in late log to early stationary phase. Addition of early stationary phase culture filtrate to medium shifted the onset of gelatinase production to that of mid-log phase, suggesting that E. faecalis secretes a gelatinase biosynthesis-activating pheromone (GBAP). GBAP was isolated from culture supernatant of E. faecalis OG1S-P. Structural analysis suggested GBAP to be an 11-residue cyclic peptide containing a lactone structure, in which the α-carboxyl group of the C-terminal amino acid is linked to a hydroxyl group of the serine of the third residue. A synthetic peptide possessing the deduced structure showed GBAP activity at nanomolar concentrations as did natural GBAP. Database searches revealed that GBAP corresponds to a C-terminal part of a 242-residue FsrB protein. Northern analysis showed that GBAP slowly induces the transcription of two operons, fsrB-fsrC encoding FsrB and a putative histidine kinase FsrC and gelE-sprE encoding gelatinase GelE and serine protease SprE. Strains with an insertion mutation in either fsrC or a putative response regulator gene fsrA failed to respond to GBAP, suggesting that the GBAP signal is transduced by a two-component regulatory system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.2001.02486.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observations on the ultrastructure ofFrankia sp. in root nodules ofDatisca cannabina L. (1984)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 79 (1984), S. 383-402 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Actinorhizae ; Datisca cannabina ; Frankia ; Nitrogen fixation ; Root nodules ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The fine structures of the microsymbiont inside the root nodules ofDatisca cannabina have been studied by light, by transmission- and by scanning-electron microscopy. The endophyte is prokaryotic and actinomycetal in nature. The hyphae are septate and branched, diameter 0.3–0.5 μm. The tips of hyphae are swollen to form electron-dense, clubshaped to filamentous vesicles, ranging in diameter: 0.4–1.4 μm. The endophyte penetrates through walls of the cortial cells. The infected zone is kidney shaped and confined to one side of the acentric stele. The orientation of infection is reversed from other actinorhizae exceptCoriaria. The hyphae are near the host cell wall and vesicles are directed towards the central vacuole. Vesicles are aseptate and no collapsing of the vesicle cell wall (void area) has been observed. Vesicle clusters structures are globular with an opening at one side of the cluster. The host cell is multinucleate or contains a lobed nucleus. Groups of mitochondria are located in between the hyphae, suggesting a strong association between the host and the endophyte for energy supply and amino acid production. The consequences of the inability to separate the mitochondria from the vesicle clusters in nodule homogenates in physiological studies have been discussed. Isolated vesicles clusters showed dehydrogenase activity, indicated by the presence of formazan crystals, after incubation with NADH and NBT. Strongest reducing activity was found within the vesicles. The possible role of filamentous vesicles in nitrogen fixation has been discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02184330
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen metabolism in actinorhizal nodules of Alnus glutinosa: expression of glutamine synthetase and acetylornithine transaminase (1996)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 32 (1996), S. 1177-1184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: actinorhiza ; nodules ; Alnus glutinosa ; symbiotic nitrogen fixation ; nitrogen metabolism ; glutamine synthetase ; acetylornithine transaminase ; in situ hybridization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Two nodule cDNA clones representing genes involved in Alnus glutinosa nitrogen metabolism were analysed. ag11 encoded glutamine synthetase (GS), the enzyme responsible for ammonium assimilation, while ag118 encoded acetylornithine transaminase (AOTA), an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of citrulline, the nitrogen transport form in Alnus. GS mRNA was found at highest levels in root nodules, where it was present in the infected cells as well as in the cells of the pericycle of the vascular system. AOTA transcripts were found at high levels in nodules, confined to the infected cells, suggesting that in nodules of A. glutinosa, citrulline biosynthesis takes place mainly in the infected cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00041403
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physiological studies on N2-fixing root nodules ofDatisca cannabina L. andAlnus nitida Endl. from Himalaya region in Pakistan (1984)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 78 (1984), S. 129-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Actinorhizas ; Alnus nitida ; Amino acid composition ; Datisca cannabina ; Hydrogen uptake ; Inoculation ; Nitrogen fixation ; Root nodules
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The nodulation and the morphology and physiology of the nodules were studied onDatisca cannabina, a perennial herb from northern Pakistan andAlnus nitida, a nodulated tree in the same locality. Both species bear coralloid clusters of actinorhizal nodules. The main free amino acid inD. cannabina nodules was arginine while the predominant free amino acid inA. nitida nodules was citrulline. The infectivity of crushed nodules of both types of plants on their respective host was about 106 infective particles per gram of nodule fresh wt. In cross-inoculation experiments crushed nodule inoculum fromA. nitida failed to induce nodulation onD. cannabina seedlings but the crushed nodule inoculum fromD. cannabina caused low nodulation on seedlings ofA. nitida (103 infective particles. g. nodule fresh wt.). The activity of nitrogenase, hydrogenase and respiration (O2 uptake) were measured in detached nodules, nodule homogenates and the 20 μm residue and 20 μm filtrate preparations from the nodules of both species. Both species showed similar patterns of activities except that only the nodule homogenate and 20 μm residue preparations fromD. cannabina showed pronounced enhancement of the O2 uptake by succinate which was further stimulated by ADP. This has in part been explained by the presence of mitochondria in close connection with the endophyte.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02277845
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preface (1984)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 78 (1984), S. IX 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02277833
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