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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 26 (1953), S. 153-171 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The pulse-actinometer works with bolometers, i. e. with Wheatstone's bridge circuits. The principle of operation of this actinometer is based upon an overloading of those bolometers with a relatively high current. Obviously such a high current can only be connected for a brief period, which, however, has to be sufficiently long for reading the deflection of the galvanometer. This principle makes it possible to use relatively insensitive galvanometers of small size so that they may be built into the case surrounding the whole instrument. The actinometer uses ordinary radio components and its construction is extremely simple and should not present any difficulties. The instrument has successfully been used on various expeditions. The apparatus contains four different actinometer systems for different spectral ranges. The design of the instrument, its properties as bolometers, diaphragms, galvanometer, filters, circuit diagram, and its operation are treated. Furthermore a theory of the temperature coefficient is given and the final adjustement is described in detail. The calibration of the instrument with theLinke-Feussner Actinometer resulted in a deviation of ±1.3%, which can be explained by the differences in the operating procedures of both instruments.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Das Impulsaktinometer arbeitet mit Bolometermessbrücken, die nur die kurze Zeit mit Spannung belastet werden, die zur Feststellung des Ausschlages des Brückengalvanometers erforderlich ist. Da stets genügend Zeit zum Abkühlen gegeben ist, können Messbrücken in dieser Schaltung wesentlich höher belastet werden als gewöhnliche Bolometer. Bei der Anwendung dieses Prinzips auf die Messung der direkten Sonnenstrahlung entstehen Aktinometer, die mit unempfindlichen Galvanometern arbeiten. Ihre Abmessungen sind klein genug, dass das eigentliche Aktinometer und das Galvanometer zu einer Einheit zusammengefasst werden können. Hierdurch entstehen Instrumente, die leicht in der Herstellung und im Gewicht sind und aus überall in der Welt käuflichen Materialien angefertigt werden können, Sie haben sich bereits auf Expeditionen bewährt. Der beschriebene Apparat enthält vier Aktinometersysteme für verschiedene Spektralgebiete. Der Aufbau des Gerätes und seine Einzelheiten wie Bolometer, Diaphragmen, Einstellungsvorgänge, Galvanometer, Filter, Schaltung usw. werden besprochen und das Vorgehen bei der Messung behandelt. Es wird auch eine Theorie des Temperaturkoeffizienten gegeben und die Justierung beschrieben. Die Prüfung des Gerätes mit demLinke-Feussner-Aktinometer ergab eine mittlere Abweichung von ±1.3%, die auf Verschiedenheiten bei der Exposition beider Instrumente zurückgeführt werden kann.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 32 (1955), S. 131-138 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung MitA. Angström's Formel, die den Einfluß der Bewölkungc T auf die GlobalstrahlungI+D ausdrückt, $$I + D = (I + D)_0 [1 - (1 - \eta )cT],$$ wurden sehr verschiedene Werte für die Größen für verschiedene Monate und Beobachtungsplätze gefunden. In der vorliegenden Arbeit sind die Formeln zusammengestellt, die gegenwärtig für die Berechnung der Globalstrahlung bestehen, und es wird ein Verfahren für die Ermittelung von η aus dem Verhältnis der Gesamtbewölkungc T zu der unteren Bewölkungc T/cL und der Maximalhöhe der Sonne angegeben. Die neue Formel der Globalstrahlung scheint für alle Teile der Erde mit den gleichen Konstanten gültig zu sein.
    Notes: Summary WithA. Angström's formula expressing the influence of the amount of cloudinessc T on monthly mean values of global radiationI+D: $$I + D = (I + D)_0 [1 - (1 - \eta )cT]$$ very different values were found for the magnitude η in different months and places. In this paper formulae existing for computation of global radiation are compiled and a method is given for the calculation of η from the ratio of the amounts of total and low altitude cloudinessc T/cL and the maximum height of the sun. This new formula for the global radiation seems to be valid for all parts of the world with unchanged constants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Keywords: Key words Cutaneous leishmaniasis ; Lipopolysaccharide responder ; Lipopolysaccharide nonresponder ; Cytokine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The course of cutaneous leishmaniasis was examined in mice from two genetically closely related strains, C57BL/10ScCr (Cr) and C57BL/10ScSn (Sn). Sn mice are able to heal Leishmania major infections, while Cr mice are unable to heal. The cutaneous lesions of the Cr mice progressed continuously and the increase in lesion size was paralleled by an unrestricted growth of the parasites in vivo. Cr mice, in contrast to their Sn counterparts, are highly resistant to all effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The nonhealing L. major infection in Cr mice is in sharp contrast to the course of infection in another endotoxin-nonresponder mouse strain, C3H/HeJ, which heal infections with L. major. Cr mice exhibit, in addition to the defective LPS responsiveness, an impaired interferon-γ (IFN-γ) response after infection with a variety of microorganisms. The insufficient activation of parasitized macrophages to kill intracellular L. major could be due to the inability of splenocytes from infected Cr mice to secrete IFN-γ upon restimulation with L. major. IFN-γ is essential for the efficient activation of parasitized macrophages to kill intracellular L. major by producing nitric oxide (NO). Although bone marrow-derived Cr macrophages do not produce NO in response to LPS, both Sn and Cr macrophages release NO upon stimulation with IFN-γ and tumor necrosis factor, indicating that they are responsive to activation by these cytokines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 527-529 (Oct. 2006), p. 659-662 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Silicon carbide (SiC) was investigated for deep band gap states of europiumby means of deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS). The knowledge of the properties ofoptoelectrically active impurities or defects is essential for a detailed understanding of theenergy-transfer process resulting in the observable excitations [1].SiC-samples of the polytypes 4H as well as 6H are ion-implanted by different europium-isotopes in order to obtain a chemical identification of the characterized energy levels. Herethe concentration sensitivity of the DLTS is applied to observe the elemental transmutationof the incorporated radioactive tracer atoms 146Eu (t1/2=4.51 d) and 147Eu (t1/2=24.6 d).DLTS on samples implanted with stable Eu-ions (153Eu) was carried out for comparisonand manifestation of the results. From these studies 5 Eu-related deep band gap levels areestablished: in 4H-SiC two levels at EV+0.86(2) eV and EC−0.47(2) eV, and in 6H-SiC threelevels at EV+0.88(2) eV, EC−0.29(2) eV and EC−0.67(2) eV
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 184 (1959), S. 103-104 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] AN integral part of the phase theory of locust AX. transformations is the cumulative transmission of phase characters from one generation to another, so that fully gregaria or solitaria types can be obtained only when crowding or isolation of the locusts is maintained for several generations. The ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 79 (2001), S. 961-963 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: One Be-related deep level in the band gap of 4H-SiC was identified by radiotracer deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS). The radioactive isotope 7Be was recoil implanted into p-type as well as n-type 4H-SiC for these radiotracer experiments. DLTS spectra were taken repeatedly during the elemental transmutation of 7Be to 7Li. In the case of p-type 4H-SiC, they exhibit one peak of time-dependent height. Its concentration decreases with the halflife of the nuclear decay of 7Be (T1/2=53.3 d). Thus, this level at 1.06 eV above the valence band edge is identified as Be-related. In n-type 4H-SiC, neither Be- nor Li-correlated deep levels have been found in the investigated part of the band gap within the measurement accuracy. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 44 (1997), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 44 (1997), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: 343 (1994), S. 401-414 
    ISSN: 0168-9002
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Tetrahedron Letters 15 (1974), S. 1083-1086 
    ISSN: 0040-4039
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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