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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 123-125 (Jan. 1993), p. 123-124 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 119 (1956), S. 335-349 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 29 (1974), S. 157-174 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Brain Edema ; Necrosis ; Cytometry (Neurons, Neuroglia, Capillaries) ; Blood Coagulation ; Rabbit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Combined cytometric studies and control of blood coagulation of a cold injury brain edema in the left parietal cortex (cortical layers I and II) of rabbits had the following results: a) Within the first 30 min after the lesion, a hypocoagulability was observed only in the cerebral vessels and significant correlations are limited to the changes between the nuclear size of endothelial, glial and nerve cells of the left, lesioned, cortical area. An increase, however, in the diameter of the cytoplasmic profiles of the endothelial cells and of the pericapillary glial end feet of the right cortical layer II can be interpreted as an early reaction of these cell types to the disturbed function of the lesioned cortical area. b) 60 min after the lesion there is a general hypercoagulability which is followed by a general hypocoagulability 12 hrs later. Endothelial, glial and nerve cells of the right hemisphere are more and more influenced by the increasing edema of the left hemisphere (for correlations see p. 16). It is suggested that the changes of permeability in the lesioned hemisphere locally affect blood coagulation and thus have an influence via the cerebral vessels on the function of nerve cell-glia complexes in the contralateral hemisphere.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Keywords: Groundwater ; Porous aquifer ; Heterogeneous ; Biological tracers ; Bacteriophage ; Fluorescent dye ; Naphthionate ; Electromagnetic survey
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract This article presents an example of a tracing experiment using two bacteriophages, T7 and f1, and a fluorescent dye (naphthionate), in a saturated porous environment. The test field was equipped with an injection borehole and 22 sampling piezometers set in three concentric half-circles. The distribution of permeabilities and the thickness of the aquifer were indirectly determined by Radio-Magneto-Tellury (RMT, 12–240 kHz). The results reveal a good correlation between the distribution of permeabilities obtained by RMT and the breakthrough curves and speed of migration of all three tracers. The restitution levels are far superior (by two to three orders of magnitude) in the more permeable zones, as opposed to those observed in th piezometers situated in less permeable areas. The speed of migration of the biological tracers is much greater than that of the naphthionate. In the most extreme case, the T7 bacteriophage migrated about 3.15 times faster than the chemical solution. These results indicate that bacteriophages are able to travel considerable distances along permeable gravel channels. They may be used as biological tracers and as models for the migration of pathogenic viruses. The simultaneous use of tracing techniques and appropriate geophysical methods leads to a better knowledge of the hydrogeological parameters of the underground terrain. This combination allows for a better interpretation both of the speeds of migration and of the maximal concentrations of the tracers, and thus considerably increases the interpretability of hydrogeological impact studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The dissociation of the gorgonian Eunicella cavolinii (Koch) into single cells was successfully accomplished. These cells readily formed aggregates of a size of 2 100 μm during incubation in roller tubes; no aggregate formation was observed in non-rotating Petri dishes. The formation of aggregates was not influenced by Ca++, urea or trypsin; it was also independent of temperature (4° to 30°C) and pH (5.5–9.0). The intercellular material of the gorgonian contains a galactose-specific lectin, as determined by double diffusion experiments and haemagglutination inhibition experiments using a series of galactoglycoconjugates. This lectin converted the aggregation-susceptible cells to aggregation-deficient cells. These findings are summarized in a novel model, in which it is assumed that the lectin masks the function of the cell surface-associated aggregation molecules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Key words Leishmania major ; Interleukin-4 knockout mice ; Cytokine ; T helper cell ; Macrophage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The study of experimental infection of inbred strains of mice with the intracellular protozoan parasite Leishmania major has contributed significantly not only to our understanding of this fascinating host/parasite relationship but also to that of many basic immunological phenomena. Much has been learned about the cognate interaction of antigen-specific T cells and antigen-presenting cells, about cytokine and T cell subset regulation, and the requirements for costimulation. Specifically, the immune response to experimental L. major infection is the paradigm for polarized T helper cell (Th) 1 and Th2 differentiation. In this model system a Th1 response characterized by interleukin (IL)-2 and interferon (IFN)-γ secretion leads to self-curing disease, whereas a Th2 response (IL-4, IL-10) leads to nonhealing disease. Numerous manipulations, including the injection of cytokines and of neutralizing anti-cytokine antibodies, cytokine transgene expression, and more recently cytokine and cytokine receptor gene knockout studies, have all provided intriguing new pieces to the still incomplete mosaic of our understanding of the immune response. Some of these findings were clearly unexpected and are still incompletely understood. For instance, based on earlier neutralizing anti-IL-4 monoclonal antibody injection studies, IL-4 gene-disrupted BALB/c mice were expected to be unable to mount the biased Th2 response typical of the IL-4+/+ wild-type mice and to be able to control their lesions; quite unexpectedly, the BALB/c IL-4 knockout mice remain unable to heal their L. major infection. Based on these unexpected findings, we reexamine the literature in an attempt to resolve this apparent paradox and to relate the large body of experimental findings in the mouse system to that which is known about natural and experimental infections in the human.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Keywords: Key words Cutaneous leishmaniasis ; Lipopolysaccharide responder ; Lipopolysaccharide nonresponder ; Cytokine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The course of cutaneous leishmaniasis was examined in mice from two genetically closely related strains, C57BL/10ScCr (Cr) and C57BL/10ScSn (Sn). Sn mice are able to heal Leishmania major infections, while Cr mice are unable to heal. The cutaneous lesions of the Cr mice progressed continuously and the increase in lesion size was paralleled by an unrestricted growth of the parasites in vivo. Cr mice, in contrast to their Sn counterparts, are highly resistant to all effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The nonhealing L. major infection in Cr mice is in sharp contrast to the course of infection in another endotoxin-nonresponder mouse strain, C3H/HeJ, which heal infections with L. major. Cr mice exhibit, in addition to the defective LPS responsiveness, an impaired interferon-γ (IFN-γ) response after infection with a variety of microorganisms. The insufficient activation of parasitized macrophages to kill intracellular L. major could be due to the inability of splenocytes from infected Cr mice to secrete IFN-γ upon restimulation with L. major. IFN-γ is essential for the efficient activation of parasitized macrophages to kill intracellular L. major by producing nitric oxide (NO). Although bone marrow-derived Cr macrophages do not produce NO in response to LPS, both Sn and Cr macrophages release NO upon stimulation with IFN-γ and tumor necrosis factor, indicating that they are responsive to activation by these cytokines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 45 (1963), S. 343-358 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The synchronized cultures of Chlorella which were used in the experiments are described with regard to their range coefficient and rate of synchronization, and the time course of cellular development and production of dry matter and protein. The endogenous respiration of Chlorella shows two minima and two maxima during the development of the cell. The first minimum is synchronous with the time of release of autospores, whereas the second minimum is found 4–5 hours before the onset of protoplasmic cleavage. During the protoplasmic cleavage the rate of oxygen consumption increases strongly. In the middle of the dark period (light-dark-cycle 16:8 hours) it reaches 300% (related to protein content) or 250% (related to dry weight) of its minimum intensity. The consumption of oxygen of cells fed with glucose is maximal when endogenous respiration is minimal (time of release of autospores). Glucose respiration is lowest (50% of the maximum value) a few hours before the beginning of protoplasmic cleavage, i.e. when endogenous respiration reaches its second minimum. Autospores supplied with glucose have an oxygen consumption of 400% of the control cells without external substrate. By contrast, glucose intensifies the uptake of oxygen of cells with maximum endogenous respiration (time of fully performed protoplasmic cleavage) only by 10%. During the light period of the light-dark-cycle the RQ rises from 1.2–1.3 to 1.8–1.9. These high values are mainly due to a strong reduction of nitrate. However, a smaller peak of the RQ (1.3) is also observed in the absence of nitrate.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wird eine Charakterisierung der verwandten Synchronkulturen von Chlorella hinsichtlich. Synchronisationsgrad und-schärfe, Verlauf der Zellentwicklung, der Substanzproduktion und Proteinsynthese gegeben. Die endogene Atmung von Chlorella durchläuft im Zuge der Zellentwicklung zwei Minima und zwei Maxima. Das erste Minimum fällt mit der Autosporenfreisetzung zusammen, das zweite liegt ∼ 4–5 Std vor Beginn der Protoplastenteilung. Während der Protoplastenteilung steigt der O2-Verbrauch stark an und erreicht in der Mitte der Dunkelperiode das Zweieinhalbfache (Bezugsgröße Trockengewicht) bzw. Dreifache (Bezugsgröße Protein) des Minimalwertes. Die Glucoseatmung zeigt ein Maximum zur Zeit des ersten Minimums der endogenen Atmung während der Autosporenfreisetzung, einen Minimalwert von ∼ 50% des maximalen kurz vor Beginn der Protoplastenteilung. Die relative Förderung der O2-Aufnahme durch Glucose schwankt zwischen fast 300% während der Autosporenfreisetzung und ∼ 10% während des Maximums der endogenen Atmung gegen Ende der Protoplastenteilung. Der RQ steigt, ausgehend von Werten von 1,2 und 1,3, am Ende der Lichtperiode auf 1,8–1,9 an. Diese hohen RQ-Werte sind vornehmlich auf intensive Nitratreduktion zurückzuführen. Jedoch findet auch in Abwesenheit von Nitrat ein geringer Anstieg von 1,0 auf ∼ 1,3 während der Dunkelzeit statt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mathematische Semesterberichte 44 (1997), S. 1-17 
    ISSN: 0720-728X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract. The philosopher Plato lived in Athens 428–348 BC. There are three starting points for his philosophy: the ethical considerations of his teacher Socrates and his disputes with the Sophists; the ontological (and logical) problems of Parmenides and his pupil Zeno; and the mathematical and physical theories of the Pythagoreans. For a period of about ten years (399–388) he lived in Sicily in close contact with Pythagoreans, especially the mathematician and statesman Archytas of Tarent. His complete work has come down to us in 27 dialogues, in many of which Socrates is the central speaker, and which are literary as well as philosophical masterpieces. (A handful more and some letters are thought to be spurious) The mathematician Theodorus, roughly contemporary with Socrates, is said to have been his teacher in mathematics. Plato knew many important theorems, which were collected in Euclid's ELEMENTS (ca. 300 BC).
    Notes: Zusammenfassung. Der Name Platons ist in der Philosophie der Mathematik unter der Überschrift „Platonismus” ständig präsent. Man versteht darunter die (wie auch immer geartete) reale Gegebenheit mathematischer Objekte. In diesem Aufsatz wird nicht der „Platonismus” diskutiert, sondern es werden die Schriften Platons in Hinblick auf sein Verhältnis zur Mathematik sorgfältig studiert. Zunächst werden die Platon bekannten mathematischen Sätze aufgelistet. Es folgt die Interpretation mathematikphilosophischer Stellen aus den Dialogen Menon und Phaidon, welche eng mit der Ideenlehre zusammenhängen. Die wichtigsten Ausführungen Platons zur Rolle der Mathematik in seiner Philosophie finden sich in den Büchern VI und VII seines Dialogs „Der Staat”. Die Darstellung und Analyse der betreffenden Stellen bildet das zentrale Kapitel unseres Aufsatzes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 117 (2002), S. 1085-1097 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The ionization and double-ionization spectra of fluorinated carbanions of various chain lengths are compared with those of their corresponding acids. For the acidic systems we find a dramatic relative shift of the double-ionization spectra to higher energies due to the presence of just one additional proton. The impact of the proton on the ionization spectra is also important, but results in only half of the double-ionization spectra's shift. A molecular electronic decay mechanism is found to be operative in the valence region of the molecules under investigation. The impact of this decay is more substantial for the anions. The threshold for electronic decay (i.e., the first double-ionization potential) is at much lower energy for the anions than for the acids. Interestingly, the localization pattern of the holes in the decay channels is, in contrast to the decay threshold, only a little affected by protonation. We also compare the impact of electron correlation effects on the ionization and double-ionization spectra of the series of fluorinated carbanions and of their acids. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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