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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Bronchodilators ; Mechanical ventilation ; COPD
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective To compare the bronchodilating effect of a single drug, ipratropium bromide (IBr), with that of its combination with fenoterol (IBr+F). Design The study was triple blind and randomized. Setting Medical-surgical intensive care unit. Patients 12 patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) requiring mechanical ventilation for severe respiratory failure. Interventions Before administering each drug, peak airway pressure (Ppeak), end inspiratory pressure (Pei), resistive pressure (Pres), and auto positive — end expiratory pressure (auto-PEEP) were measured. Inspiratory system resistance (Rins) and dynamic respiratory system compliance (C) were calculated. Arterial pH and blood gas determinations were made. These measurements were repeated 60 min after administration of each therapeutic regimen. For ipratropium bromide alone the dose was 0.04 mg. When the combination of drugs was used, the doses were 0.04 mg for ipratropium bromide and 0.1 mg for fenoterol. Measurements and results With the combination of both drugs, all the pressures in the airway, as well as the auto-PEEP and the Rins were significantly reduced (p〈0.05) with respect to baseline values. With ipratropium bromide alone, no significant changes were observed either in the pressures or in the inspiratory resistance. No significant changes were observed either in the pH or blood gases with any of the treatments. The combination of both drugs produced significantly reduction in Pei and auto-PEEP when compared with ipratropium bromide alone. Conclusions The combination of both drugs is more effective than ipratropium bromide alone at the doses used in this study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 25 (1999), S. 424-424 
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 24 (1998), S. 999-1008 
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 24 (1998), S. 1070-1075 
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Weaning ; Mechanical ventilation ; Children ; Weaning indices
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: The development of weaning predictors in mechanically ventilated children has not been sufficiently investigated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of some weaning indices in predicting weaning failure. Design: Prospective, interventional study. Setting: University-affiliated children's hospital with a 19-bed intensive care unit. Patients: 84 consecutive infants and children requiring mechanical ventilation for at least 48 h and judged ready to wean by their primary physicians. Interventions: Patients who met the criteria to start weaning underwent a trial of spontaneous breathing lasting up to 2 h. Bedside measurements of respiratory function were obtained immediately before discontinuation of mechanical ventilation and within the first 5 min of spontaneous breathing. The primary physicians were blinded to those measurements, and the decision to extubate a patient at the end of the spontaneous breathing trial or reinstitute mechanical ventilation was made by them. Failure to wean was defined as the requirement for mechanical ventilation at any time during the trial of spontaneous breathing (trial failure) or needing reintubation within 48 h of extubation (extubation failure). Measurements and main results: Seventy-five patients had neither signs of respiratory distress nor deterioration in gas exchange during the trial and were extubated. Twelve patients required reintubation within 48 h. In 9 patients, mechanical ventilation was reinstituted after a median duration of the spontaneous breathing trial of 35 min. The only independent predictor of trial failure was tidal volume indexed to body weight [odds ratio 2.60, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.40 to 24.9]. The only independent predictor of extubation failure was frequency-to-tidal volume ratio indexed to body weight (odds ratio 1.23, 95 % CI 1.11 to 1.36). The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values to predict weaning failure were calculated for each of the above variables. These values were 0.48, 0.86, 0.53, and 0.83, respectively, for a frequency-to-tidal volume ratio higher than 11 breaths/min per ml per kg and 0.43, 0.94, 0.69, and 0.83, respectively, for a tidal volume lower than 4 ml/kg. Conclusions: Three-quarters of ventilated children can be successfully weaned after a trial of spontaneous breathing lasting 2 h. Both tidal volume and frequency-to-tidal volume ratio indexed to body weight were poor predictors of weaning failure in the study population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin 36 (1999), S. 429-435 
    ISSN: 1435-1420
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Mechanische Ventilation ; Entwöhnung ; Extubation ; Key words Mechanical ventila-tion ; weaning ; extubation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The process of weaning, if poorly organized, adds additional time to the duration of mechanical ventilation. Recent prospective studies have shown that the implementation of a protocol-directed weaning leads to an earlier initiation of the weaning process and a significant reduction in the duration of mechanical ventilation. Both daily screening of the respiratory function and trials of spontaneous breathing are valuable tools that should be incorporated into a weaning protocol. Extubation of the ventilated patients as soon as their recovery and ability to spontaneously breath are documented should be encouraged, because there is sufficient evidence that 65–70% of ventilated patients can be successfully extubated after a trial of spontaneous breathing is attempted. A gradual withdrawal of mechanical ventilation can be attempted in patients failing spontaneous breathing trials. Two randomized studies have found that the strategy used to discontinue mechanical ventilation influences the rate and degree of weaning success and that SIMV is the least efficient technique of weaning.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Der Entwöhnungsvorgang, wenn nicht sorgfältig organisiert, verlängert die Dauer der mechanischen Ventilation. Neuere Prospektivstudien zeigen, daß die Anwendung eines entsprechenden Protokolls zu einem früheren Beginn der Entwöhnung und einer signi-fikanten Verkürzung der mechanischen Ventilationszeit führt. Sowohl das tägliche Screening der Atmungsfunktion, als auch Versuche der Spontanatmung sind wertvolle Hilfen, welche in ein Entwöhnungsprotokoll aufgenommen werden sollten. Sobald der Zustand und die Fähigkeit der Spontanatmung dokumentiert werden, sollte die Extubation der beatmeten Patienten gefördert werden, da ausreichende Hinweise belegen, daß 65–70% der beatmeten Patienten nach einem Spontanatmungsversuch erfolgreich extubiert werden können. Ein ausschleichendes Absetzen der mechanischen Ventilation kann unternommen werden bei Patienten, bei denen Spontanatmungsversuche nicht erfolgreich waren. Zwei randomisierte Studien zeigen, daß die zum Absetzen der mechanischen Ventilation angewandte Strategie die Geschwindigkeit und das Ausmaß des Entwöhnungserfolges beeinflussen und daß die SIMV die am wenigsten erfolgreiche Entwöhnungstechnik ist.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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