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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cat and dog allergens – can intervention studies solve their inscrutable riddle? (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 33 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2003.t01-1-01759.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low socioeconomic status as a risk factor for asthma, rhinitis and sensitization at 4 years in a birth cohort (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 35 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background The relation between socioeconomic status and allergic diseases in childhood is controversial. Some studies have proposed childhood asthma to be more common in families with low socioeconomic status, while sensitization to airborne allergens seems to be more frequent in individuals with higher socioeconomic status in childhood.Objective To assess the relation between socioeconomic status and asthma, rhinitis and sensitization in an unselected prospective birth cohort.Methods Four thousand and eighty-nine families with children born 1994–1996 in predefined areas of Stockholm answered questionnaires on environmental factors, socioeconomic status (parental occupation), and symptoms of allergic disease at birth, 1, 2 and 4 years of age. Blood samples taken at 4 years from 2614 children were analysed for specific IgE to common airborne and food allergens. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for various outcomes in relation to socioeconomic status were estimated with a multiple logistic regression model, adjusting for potential confounders such as heredity for allergic diseases, maternal smoking, short duration of breastfeeding and house construction.Results There was a decreasing risk of asthma and rhinitis with increasing socioeconomic status. The OR for asthma was 0.33 (95% CI 0.17–0.66) and for rhinitis 0.50 (0.32–0.79) comparing the highest and the lowest socioeconomic groups, with a tendency to stronger effects in those with heredity for allergic disease. The risk of sensitization to food allergens also decreased with increasing socioeconomic status; OR 0.65 (0.41–1.02) in the highest socioeconomic group (Ptrend=0.03), which was not clearly seen for airborne allergens.Conclusion Asthma, rhinitis and sensitization is more common in lower than in higher socioeconomic groups after adjustment for traditional risk factors. This may be related to additional uncontrolled differences in life style and environmental exposures between the groups, and calls for further studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2005.02243.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct and indirect exposure to pets – risk of sensitization and asthma at 4 years in a birth cohort (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 33 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Introduction There are conflicting data on the association between early exposure to pets and allergic diseases. Bias related to retrospective information on pet ownership has been addressed as a reason for distorted study results.Objective To elucidate how early exposure to cat and dog relates to IgE-sensitization and asthma in children at 2 and 4 years of age, in a prospective birth-cohort study.Methods Four thousand and eighty-nine families with children born 1994–1996 in predefined areas of Stockholm answered questionnaires on environmental factors and symptoms of allergic disease at birth, one, two and four years of age. Dust samples collected from the mothers' beds at birth were analysed for Fel d 1 and Can f 1 in a subgroup of the cohort. Blood samples taken at four years from 2614 children were analysed for allergen-specific IgE to common airborne allergens. Risk associations were calculated with a multiple logistic regression model, with adjustment for potential confounders.Results A correlation was seen between allergen levels and reported exposure to cat and dog. Exposure to cat seemed to increase the risk of cat sensitization, OR (odds ratio) 1.44 (95% confidence interval 1.03–2.01), whereas dog exposure did not have any effect on dog sensitization, OR 1.16 (0.79–1.72). Dog ownership was related to a reduced risk of sensitization to other airborne allergens, OR 0.36 (0.15–0.83), and a similar tendency was seen for cat ownership OR 0.63 (0.37–1.07). Early dog ownership seemed to be associated with a lower risk of asthma, OR 0.50 (0.24–1.03), with no corresponding effect after cat ownership, OR 0.88 (0.56–1.38).Conclusion Early exposure to cat seems to increase the risk of sensitization to cat but not of asthma at 4 years of age. Dog ownership, on the other hand, appears to be associated with lowered risk of sensitization to airborne allergens and asthma. Both aetiological relationships and selection effects have to be considered in the interpretation of these findings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2003.01764.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of Petri dish sampling for assessment of cat allergen in airborne dust (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Allergy 57 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: Dust reservoir sampling is the most commonly used method for assessment of indirect allergen exposure. Because assessment of personal exposure using person-carried pumps is time-consuming and expensive we evaluated the Petri dish sampling method for measurement of airborne cat allergen in classrooms. Methods: Petri dish sampling was evaluated in three study parts. Part I: by comparison between Petri dish sampling and personal air sampling in 44 classrooms with many (≥ 20%) and few (≤ 10%) cat owners and by additional Petri dish sampling in 40 pet-free homes. Part II: by sampling with duplicate Petri dishes in 28 classrooms. Part III: by sampling in three classrooms at four sampling heights during different sampling times. All samples were analyzed for cat allergen (Fel d 1) content with a monoclonal antibody two-site ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay), using signal amplification when necessary. Results: There was a significant correlation between Petri dish sampling and personal air sampling (r = 0.66; P 〈 0.0001). Levels were five-fold higher in classes with many cat owners than in classes with few cat owners, regardless of method. A corresponding difference was found in the homes. Duplicate sample values were in fair agreement (Bland-Altman test) and were correlated (r = 0.77; P 〈 0.0001). Cumulative levels collected weekly in one Petri dish were lower than using five daily Petri dishes, regardless of sampling height. Conclusions: Petri dish sampling can be useful as an alternative method to personal air sampling of airborne allergens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.2002.1s3297.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strategies for preventing wheezing and asthma in small children (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 58 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective:  To assess the effects of living in agreement with allergy preventive guidelines on wheezing and asthma at 2 years of age.Design:  Prospective birth cohort study (BAMSE). Questionnaires on heredity and environmental factors were answered when the child was 2 months, and detailed questionnaires on symptoms at 1 and 2 years of age.Participants:  4089 children, born during 1994–1996.Setting:  Child Health Centres in central and north-western parts of Stockholm, Sweden.Main outcome measures:  Wheezing and asthma up to the age of 2.Results:  The effects of preventive guidelines regarding breastfeeding, maternal tobacco smoke and home dampness on wheezing and asthma were assessed in multiple logistic regression models. The cumulative incidence of recurrent wheezing at 2 years of age was 12.6% and of asthma 6.8% among those with a lifestyle in agreement with all guidelines and 24.1 and 17.9%, respectively, in families exposed to at least two of the three risk factors. Among children with no heredity, family lifestyle according to the guidelines gave a twofold reduction of asthma (5.3 vs. 10.5%), while the group with heredity had a threefold reduction (9.1 vs. 27.3%). The attributable fraction for asthma associated with the guidelines was 23% in total and 33% among those with heredity.Conclusion:  In this observational study, family lifestyle according to preventive guidelines is associated with an important reduction of recurrent wheezing and asthma at 2 years of age, especially among children with allergic heredity. A follow-up will determine whether there still a risk reduction of both symptoms and disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.2003.00078.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deposition of cat (Fel d 1), dog (Can f 1), and horse allergen over time in public environments – a model of dispersion (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 53 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background The occurrence and accumulation over time in public environments of cat, dog, and horse allergens was evaluated. Methods Concentrations of animal danders were analyzed by ELISA and countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis (CCIE). Results Among factory-new mattresses, 15/17 contained detectable levels of cat and/or dog allergen, whereas no horse allergen was found although six of the mattresses were stuffed with horsehair. Dust from 15 used mattresses contained significantly higher concentrations of Fel d 1 and Can f 1 than the factory-new ones (P〈0.001). Allergen concentrations and titers correlated to the period of time that the mattresses had been tried by customers; rs=0.52-0.77, P=0.04-0.001 (cat), rs=0.38-0.48, P=0.15-0.08 (dog), and rs=0.64-0.74, P=0.008-0.003 (horse). The increase over time occurred rapidly in highly frequented stores and after 3 weeks reached concentrations that have been found in homes where furred pets had formerly been kept or even the lower allergen scale of homes where pets were currently kept. Conclusions The dispersion of allergens from furred animals to pet-free public places is likely to occur by deposition from people who have been in direct or indirect contact with pets, and high levels of such allergens seem to accumulate in a short period of time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1998.tb03796.x
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