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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of male sex and parental allergic disease on childhood wheezing: role of interactions (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 34 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Boys have been reported to be more susceptible to childhood wheezing, whereas girls are more susceptible later in life. This difference might be related to both genetic and environmental factors.Objective To investigate the influence of male sex and parental allergic disease on the development of childhood wheezing.Methods Infants (n=4089) born in Stockholm were recruited in a prospective study, BAMSE. Data on parental allergic diseases were obtained from questionnaires answered at the children's birth and on symptoms of wheezing at 1, 2 and 4 years of age. Sensitization to inhalant allergens and lung function was investigated at the age of 4 years.Results Children were classified as having recurrent, transient (n=266), early-onset persistent (n=319) and late-onset wheezing (n=195). Boys were over-represented in all groups of wheezing (odds ratio, OR=1.4–1.5) and both maternal and paternal allergic disease was of importance for the wheezing outcomes. A dominating influence from maternal allergic disease was only seen in children with persistent wheezing. An interaction exceeding additivity was found between male sex and parental allergic disease, particularly in children with persistent wheezing (OR=2.9 and 95% confidence interval, CI 95% 2.1–4.0 for boys with any parental history vs. OR=1.4, CI 95% 1.0–2.1 for girls). Interaction between male sex and parental allergic disease was also observed in children who wheezed at the age of 4 years and were sensitized to inhalant allergens.Conclusion Our data suggest an interaction between male sex and parental allergic disease in childhood wheezing, which may represent a sex-specific genetic influence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.01957.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Family history and risk of atopic dermatitis in children up to 4 years (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 33 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background The aetiology of atopic dermatitis (AD) is presumably multi-factorial, with interactions between genetic and environmental factors.Objective To investigate the relation between atopic family history and development of AD up to 4 years.Methods Using annual questionnaires, we studied the cumulative incidence of AD in 0–4-year-olds in a prospective birth cohort of 4089. Atopic diseases in parents and siblings were recorded at birth. The occurrence of serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies to inhalant and food allergens was analysed in 2614 4-year-olds, and AD was divided into non-IgE-associated and IgE-associated.Results Of the children without atopic parents, 27.1% developed AD; of those with single or double parental atopic history, 37.9% and 50.0%, respectively, did so. The effects of parental history of eczema and of atopic respiratory disease (ARD) did not differ significantly, nor did those of maternal and paternal history. Parental history of ARD increased the risk significantly more for IgE-associated AD than for non-IgE-associated AD (odds ratio (OR) 2.0; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.5–2.8 vs. OR 1.3; 95% CI 1.0–1.8), whereas the two forms lacked major differences in the effect of parental eczema. A history of eczema in older siblings was a risk indicator for both forms of AD (OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.4–3.3 vs. OR 1.8; 95% CI 1.2–2.6).Conclusions We found no difference between the effects of maternal and paternal atopic history. Parental eczema was a risk factor for AD irrespective of its association with IgE, but parental history of ARD mainly increased the risk of IgE-associated AD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2003.01749.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct and indirect exposure to pets – risk of sensitization and asthma at 4 years in a birth cohort (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 33 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Introduction There are conflicting data on the association between early exposure to pets and allergic diseases. Bias related to retrospective information on pet ownership has been addressed as a reason for distorted study results.Objective To elucidate how early exposure to cat and dog relates to IgE-sensitization and asthma in children at 2 and 4 years of age, in a prospective birth-cohort study.Methods Four thousand and eighty-nine families with children born 1994–1996 in predefined areas of Stockholm answered questionnaires on environmental factors and symptoms of allergic disease at birth, one, two and four years of age. Dust samples collected from the mothers' beds at birth were analysed for Fel d 1 and Can f 1 in a subgroup of the cohort. Blood samples taken at four years from 2614 children were analysed for allergen-specific IgE to common airborne allergens. Risk associations were calculated with a multiple logistic regression model, with adjustment for potential confounders.Results A correlation was seen between allergen levels and reported exposure to cat and dog. Exposure to cat seemed to increase the risk of cat sensitization, OR (odds ratio) 1.44 (95% confidence interval 1.03–2.01), whereas dog exposure did not have any effect on dog sensitization, OR 1.16 (0.79–1.72). Dog ownership was related to a reduced risk of sensitization to other airborne allergens, OR 0.36 (0.15–0.83), and a similar tendency was seen for cat ownership OR 0.63 (0.37–1.07). Early dog ownership seemed to be associated with a lower risk of asthma, OR 0.50 (0.24–1.03), with no corresponding effect after cat ownership, OR 0.88 (0.56–1.38).Conclusion Early exposure to cat seems to increase the risk of sensitization to cat but not of asthma at 4 years of age. Dog ownership, on the other hand, appears to be associated with lowered risk of sensitization to airborne allergens and asthma. Both aetiological relationships and selection effects have to be considered in the interpretation of these findings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2003.01764.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genes, environments, and sex: factors of importance in atopic diseases in 7—9–year-old Swedish twins (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 52 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Various atopic manifestations among adults have been shown to be influenced mainly by genetic factors. With the increase in prevalence of atopic diseases in recent years, especially among children, a great deal of attention has been given to environmental causes. In a study of 1480 Swedish twin pairs, 7—9 years old, we examined the importance of genetic and environmental factors in asthma, hay fever, eczema, and urticaria. Structural equation model fitting showed 33–76% of the variation in liability to the diseases to be due to genetic effects. Shared environmental effects were also important for hay fever and urticaria in both sexes and for eczema among girls. The clustering of atopic disease in families was almost entirely due to a common set of genes, but each disease manifestation also seemed to have specific genes of importance. Investigation of unlike-sex twins showed that boys had a higher cumulative incidence of asthma and hay fever than girls, whereas girls had a higher incidence of eczema. Thus, it may be concluded that although genetic factors are of major importance in atopic manifestation in children, both environmental and sex-related factors play a role.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1997.tb00179.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strategies for preventing wheezing and asthma in small children (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 58 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective:  To assess the effects of living in agreement with allergy preventive guidelines on wheezing and asthma at 2 years of age.Design:  Prospective birth cohort study (BAMSE). Questionnaires on heredity and environmental factors were answered when the child was 2 months, and detailed questionnaires on symptoms at 1 and 2 years of age.Participants:  4089 children, born during 1994–1996.Setting:  Child Health Centres in central and north-western parts of Stockholm, Sweden.Main outcome measures:  Wheezing and asthma up to the age of 2.Results:  The effects of preventive guidelines regarding breastfeeding, maternal tobacco smoke and home dampness on wheezing and asthma were assessed in multiple logistic regression models. The cumulative incidence of recurrent wheezing at 2 years of age was 12.6% and of asthma 6.8% among those with a lifestyle in agreement with all guidelines and 24.1 and 17.9%, respectively, in families exposed to at least two of the three risk factors. Among children with no heredity, family lifestyle according to the guidelines gave a twofold reduction of asthma (5.3 vs. 10.5%), while the group with heredity had a threefold reduction (9.1 vs. 27.3%). The attributable fraction for asthma associated with the guidelines was 23% in total and 33% among those with heredity.Conclusion:  In this observational study, family lifestyle according to preventive guidelines is associated with an important reduction of recurrent wheezing and asthma at 2 years of age, especially among children with allergic heredity. A follow-up will determine whether there still a risk reduction of both symptoms and disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.2003.00078.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Editorial (2001)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 56 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.2001.00037.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    IgE-sensitization to predatory mites and respiratory symptoms in Swedish greenhouse workers (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 60 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background:  Predatory mites are used as biological pesticides worldwide for control of spider mites and other pests in greenhouses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of occupational exposure to Phytoseiulus persimilis and Hypoaspis miles on IgE sensitization among a large group of Swedish greenhouse workers and to examine the relationship between exposure and allergic asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis.Methods:  A total of 96 greenhouse workers from the southern part of Sweden, who were using the predatory mites for control of pests, were investigated with a questionnaire and a medical examination including lung function test. Blood samples were taken to test for allergen-specific IgE antibodies to Phytoseiulus persimilis and Hypoaspis miles as well as to Tetranychus urticae, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus/farinae and Tyrophagus putrescentiae.Results:  Seventeen of the 96 workers were positive in ImmunoCAP to predatory mites: 17 to P. persimilis (17.7%) and 14 to H. miles (14.6%). Subjects sensitized to predatory mites were significantly more often atopic (13/17), defined as a positive Phadiatop, than those who lacked IgE against these mite species (17/79) (P 〈 0.01). IgE antibodies to the red spider mite T. urticae were present among 23 subjects. Thirty-five of the investigated subjects displayed a positive ImmunoCAP to at least one of the investigated mite species. Furthermore, sensitization to any of the mites tested was significantly associated with asthma (OR = 9.3) and rhinoconjunctivitis (OR = 4.3).Conclusions:  IgE sensitization to predatory mites, P. persimilis and H. miles, is common among greenhouse workers. The findings stress the importance of improved allergen avoidance in greenhouse environments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2004.00687.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Building characteristics, indoor air quality and recurrent wheezing in very young children (BAMSE) (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Indoor air 14 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0668
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1600-0668.2003.00207.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quality control in the analysis of lead and cadmium in blood (1987)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 326 (1987), S. 647-655 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary An extensive quality control programme has been developed within a global UNEP/WHO project on Assessment of Exposure to Lead and Cadmium through Biological Monitoring. This project was coordinated by the Karolinska Institute (Department of Environmental Hygiene) and the National (Swedish) Institute of Environmental Medicine. The project was carried out within the framework of UNEP's Global Environmental Monitoring System (GEMS) and was initiated in 1978 on the basis of recommendations from a UNEP/WHO meeting of a Government Expert Group on Health-Related Monitoring. On termination of the project in 1981 it was decided to extend the analytical QC assurance programme on a periodic basis in order to maintain the analytical capability of the participating laboratories. A QC programme was conducted by our Institute in a follow-up study of the above mentioned UNEP/WHO programme and for a National Swedish Board of Occupational Safety and Health project, as well as for a recently concluded project in which a decrease in bloodlead levels in residents of Stockholm for the period 1980–1984 was established. In the latter project decreased blood-lead levels of about 20% were found in samples stored frozen (−20 ° C) for 4 years. This finding stimulated a study of the long-term stability of our QC samples. Results of lead and cadmium analyses performed for each QC sample during 1980–1985 were computerized. The results showed that the QC samples appeared to be stable for 2–3 years when stored at −20 °C. The losses of cadmium were 5 –10% in 5–6 years of storage at −20 ° C and seem to be less than those of lead (7–15%). Analysis of several QC sets, prepared on different occasions, but analyzed on the same day, confirmed that losses occur.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00473522
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