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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histochemical studies on the autonomic innervation of the femoral artery and vein (1979)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 157 (1979), S. 231-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Femoral artery ; Femoral vein ; Histochemistry ; Glyoxylic acid ; Acetylcholinesterase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The innervation of the femoral artery and vein in the dog was studied using: a) glyoxylic acid fluorescence (for the histochemical localization of adrenergic nerve fibers); b) acetylcholinesterase (for the histochemical localization of cholinergic nerve fibers).—Andrenergic nerve fibers and related terminals in both vessels are confined to the adventitial-medial transitional zone and the outer layers of the media. Acetylcholinesterase containing nerve fibers are localized in the adventitial-medial transitional zone of the femoral artery. These findings may indicate the presence of a cholinergic vosodilatator system in the control of the circulation in the femoral artery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00305163
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Innervation pattern of inferior vena cava in mouse and rat (1982)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 165 (1982), S. 233-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Inferior vena cava ; Autonomic nervous system ; Adrenergic nerves ; Cholinergic nerves ; Mouse ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The innervation pattern of rat and mouse inferior vena cava was studied using catecholamine fluorescence and cholinesterase histochemical methods. Adrenergic nerve fibers innervate only abdominal protions of the inferior vena cava, while cholinergic nerves are chiefly distributed to the thoracic inferior vena cava and show a gradual decrease in the abdomen. Chemical sympathectomy performed with the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine does not alter the pattern of cholinergic innervation of the inferior vena cava, suggesting the parasympathetic nature of cholinergic nerves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00305479
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dopamine D1-D5 receptor protein immunohistochemistry in dog pial arteries (2000)
    Springer
    The journal of headache and pain 1 (2000), S. 163-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1129-2377
    Keywords: Key words Dopamine receptors ; Pial arteries ; Immunohistochemistry ; Prejunctional receptors ; Post-junctional receptors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The localization of dopamine D1-D5 receptor protein was investigated in different sized dog pial arteries. This was done to further understand the pathophysiology of cerebrovascular dopaminergic system in migraine. The study was performed in sections of dog brain including the pia-arachnoid membrane, which were processed for indirect immunohistochemistry using antibodies raised against dopamine D1-D5 receptor protein. A faint dopamine D1 receptor protein immunoreactivity was observed in smooth muscle of the tunica media of different sized pial arteries. Dopamine D2 receptor protein immunoreactivity was located in the adventitia and adventitia-media border of pial arteries. In the same area tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive nerve fibers were found. No dopamine D3 receptor immunoreactivity was detectable in dog pial arteries. A faint dopamine D4 receptor protein immunoreactivity was observed in dog pial arteries, with a localization similar to that of D2 receptor protein. A moderate dopamine D5 receptor protein immunostaining was observed in smooth muscle of the tunica media. These findings indicate that dog pial arteries express dopamine D1-like (D1 and D5) and D2-like (D2 and D4) receptor subtypes and display, respectively, a muscular (post-junctional) and probably prejunctional localization. These results, the first analysis of dopamine D1-D5 receptor subtype distribution in the cerebrovascular tree, suggest that dopamine is involved in the regulation of cerebral circulation. These finding may help evaluate the role of cerebrovascular dopaminergic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of migraine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s101940070038
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Association of circulating endothelin and noradrenaline with increased calcium-channel binding sites in the placental bed in pre-eclampsia (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 105 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective To evaluate factors contributing to both placental hypoperfusion and maternal vasoconstriction in pre-eclampsia.Design Single centre, comparative study of calcium-channel density and affinity in the placental bed of pregnant women with normotension and pre-eclampsia.Setting Teaching hospital.Participants Twenty-two primigravidae in the third trimester of pregnancy: 10 with pre-eclampsia and 12 normotensive.Methods Plasma levels of endothelin-1 (by RIA) and noradrenaline (by HPLC-ED) were measured. Both pharmacological characterisation and anatomical localisation of dihydropyridine-sensitive binding sites (using radioligand-binding studies and autorradiographic techniques) were determined with 3H-isradipine in placental bed tissues to determine both the density (Bmax) and the affinity (Kd) of receptor sites.Results Higher plasma levels of endothelin-1 and noradrenalin were found in women with pre-eclampsia compared with normotensive women. Placental bed tissues bound 3H-isradipine in a saturable, reversible time and temperature-dependent manner with very low Kd values. Study of the 3H-isradipine specificity binding included the use of several dihydropyridine displacers. In the group with pre-eclampsia the Scatchard analysis of the results showed a significant increase (P 〈 0.001) both in the affinity [Kd = 0.23 nmol (0.04) vs 0.45 nmol (0.03), pre-eclampsia vs norrnotensive] and in the density of calcium-channel binding sites [Brnax = 77.70 frnol/rng (1.30) vs 64.30 fmourng (1.80) tissue, pre-eclampsia vs normotensive]. Autoradiography confirmed that in the placental bed tissue of those with pre-eclampsia there was a much higher silver grain density in the arteries walls, compared with norrnotensive women.Conclusions In pre-eclampsia there is an increase in the maternal circulation of two strong vasoconstrictor factors (endothelin-1 and noradrenalin) and a sharp increase both in the density and the affinity of calcium-channel binding sites in placental bed central area. The latter may strongly contribute to the perpetuation of the uteroplacental hypoperfusion either by itself or by amplifying the local actions of circulating factors, such as endothelin-1 and noradrenalin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1998.tb09944.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuroanatomy of Aging Brain (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 717 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb12071.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF NICARDIPINE TREATMENT ON CEREBROVASCULAR MICRO ANATOMICAL CHANGES IN SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE RATS (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 22 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. The effect of long-term treatment with the dihydropyridine Ca2+ antagonist, nicardipine, on the morphology of different sized pial arteries was assessed in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) using histological techniques associated with image analysis.2. In control 20 week old SHR blood pressure values, the thickness of the tunica media, the media-to-lumen ratio and connective tissue content were significantly increased in comparison with reference normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats.3. Treatment for 8 weeks with a daily dose of 3 mg/kg of nicardipine decreased blood pressure values in SHR and significantly reduced the area occupied by the tunica media and the media-to-lumen ratio. This effect was observed primarily in small sized pial arteries and to a lesser extent in medium sized pial arteries. Nicardipine administration was without effect on connective tissue content in the wall of cerebral arteries.4. These results indicate that treatment with nicardipine reduces blood pressure elevation in SHR and exerts a protective effect on arteries controlling cerebrovascular resistance. The activity of the compound primarily on small sized pial arteries may protect the brain from generalized vasodilation which could cause cerebral hypoperfusion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.1995.tb02941.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    INFLUENCE OF LONG-TERM TREATMENT WITH THE DIHYDROPYRIDINE-TYPE CALCIUM ANTAGONIST NICARDIPINE ON RENAL MICROANATOMICAL CHANGES IN SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE RATS (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 22 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. The influence of hypertension and treatment with the dihydropyridine-type Ca2+ antagonist, nicardipine, on the structure of the kidney was assessed in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) of 12 weeks of age. Treatment went for 8 weeks with a daily oral dose of 1 mg/kg of nicardipine.2. Control SHR exhibited hypertension and microanatomical vascular and glomerular changes. Vascular changes consisted of a thickening of the tunica media and decreased luminal area of medium- and small-sized intrarenal artery branches. Glomerular changes included glomerulosclerosis and atrophy of varying degrees.3. Administration of nicardipine significantly reduced blood pressure. The drug also decreased the thickening of tunica media and luminal narrowing of renal artery branches as well as the degree of glomerular injury in SHR.4. These data indicate that nicardipine treatment is able to control elevated blood pressure in SHR, and to counter hypertension-dependent microanatomical impairment of the kidney. This suggests that the compound exerts a protective effect on hypertensive kidney.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.1995.tb02942.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PHARMACOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND AUTORADIOGRAPHIC LOCALIZATION OF DIHYDROPYRIDINE-TYPE CALCIUM CHANNELS IN THE KIDNEY OF SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE RATS (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 22 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. The pharmacological profile and the microanatomical localization of Ca2+ channels of the L-type were analysed in sections of the kidney of Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats and of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) of different ages.2. [3H]-Nicardipine was used as a ligand. It was bound to sections of rat kidney in a manner consistent with the labelling of Ca2+ channels of the L-type. The density of [3H]-nicardipine binding sites was similar in WKY rats of different ages and in SHR of 2 and 4 months, but was significantly increased in SHR of 6 months.3. Light microscope autoradiography revealed the highest density of binding sites in the tubular portion of the nephron and to a lesser extent within smooth muscle of renal arteries and renal corpuscles. In SHR of 4 and 6 months the density of [3H]-nicardipine binding sites was increased within the epithelium of proximal tubules and of the loop of Henle and decreased in renal corpuscles in comparison with WKY rats or 2 month old SHR.4. These results show that the density of Ca2+ channels of the L-type increases with the worsening of hypertension in SHR. The observation of a different sensitivity to hypertension of Ca2+ channels located in the various portions of the nephron indicates the usefulness of light microscope autoradiography for assessing hypertension-related changes of Ca2+ channels in the kidney.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.1995.tb02896.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Beta adrenergic receptors in the parathyroid glands (1980)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 313 (1980), S. 195-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Beta-blockers ; (-)-Alprenolol ; Beta-blocker antibodies ; Immunofluorescence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The location of β-adrenoceptors in human parathyroid gland was studied using an immunohistochemical method. Frozen sections of human parathyroid glands, taken from surgical samples, were treated with (-)-alprenolol, washed and exposed to (-)-alprenolol antibodies conjugated with fluorescent dyes. The (-)-alprenolol was bound to the parathyroid principal cells and to the main blood vessels. On the contrary, adrenergic nerve fibres, demonstrated with formaldehyde fluorescence technique, were only located within the walls of main blood vessels. The findings are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00505733
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Beta-adrenoceptors in the rat kidney (1983)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 324 (1983), S. 94-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Rat ; Kidney ; Immunohistochemistry ; β-Blocker antibodies ; Fluorescence microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The direct histochemical detection of β-blocker binding sites was studied in sections of rat kidney using an immunohistochemical technique developed in our laboratory. Frozen sections of rat kidney were incubated in a solution of (-)alprenolol, washed, exposed to fluorescent (-)alprenolol antibodies (FAA) and then observed at a fluorescence microscope. Strong fluorescence was found within the wall of renal artery and vein, but primarly in the artery. At the level of blood vessels(-)alprenolol binding sites were located chiefly in the media and in the intima. The renal glomerulus, the loop of Henle and collecting tubules appear to be free of any fluorescence. Consequently they do not have β-adrenoceptors. On the contrary, the glomerular afferent and afferent arterioles, the cellular elements of the juxtaglomerular apparatus, proximal and distal convoluted tubules, are rich in (-)alprenolol binding sites. At higher magnifications the immunoreactivity appears to be located in the basal membrane of cellular elements which indicates that (-)alprenolol binding sites are membrane receptors. The direct immunohistochemical detection of β-blocker binding sites in the kidney may offer useful information concerning the site of action of β-blockers at the level of an important target organ for this class of drugs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00497013
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