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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of proteinuria on relative mortality in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus (1985)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 28 (1985), S. 590-596 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Persistent proteinuria ; relative mortality ; prognosis ; Type 1 diabetes ; diabetic complications ; angiopathy ; nephropathy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We followed 1, 134 patients with Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes, diagnosed between 1933 and 1952, until 1982 or death or until their emigration. Their age at onset of diabetes was under 31 years. Information concerning the development of persistent proteinuria was sought in every case. In 104 cases, the data were either questionable or the patient could not be traced. Twenty-nine patients developed non-diabetic proteinuria. Among the remaining 1,001 patients, 406 developed persistent proteinuria (350 died) and 595 did not (166 died). The incidence of persistent proteinuria was highest among men; it decreased with increasing year of diabetes onset from 1933 to 1952, and decreased with increasing age at onset. The relative mortality was extremely high among patients with persistent proteinuria, increasing to a maximum of about 100 at age 35 years. Patients not developing proteinuria had a relatively constant low relative mortality of about 2. The decreasing incidence of persistent proteinuria and the decreasing mortality with increasing calender year of diabetes onset resulted in a 50% increase in life-expectancy among patients diagnosed in 1950 compared with patients diagnosed in 1935. In patients who developed persistent proteinuria, relative mortality was higher in women than men at all ages. In patients who did not develop proteinuria, relative mortality was similar in men and women after the age of 35. Uraemia was the main cause of death in patients with persistent proteinuria, although cardiovascular deaths were more frequent than in patients without proteinuria. Thus, proteinuria is associated not only with death from uraemia but also from cardiovascular disease. It is concluded that the development of persistent proteinuria is a major life-threatening complication in patients with early-onset Type 1 diabetes. Patients who do not develop proteinuria have almost a normal life expectancy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00281993
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increasing incidence of early onset Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus: a study of Danish male birth cohorts (1992)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 35 (1992), S. 178-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus ; incidence ; trends ; seasonality ; duration of symptoms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To provide information of the incidence trends of Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus we performed a cohort study of a series of Danish male birth cohorts. All male livebirths in Denmark between 1 January 1949 and 31 December 1964, were investigated regarding the development of Type 1 diabetes during the first 20 years of life using the files of the Danish Conscript Board, supplemented by a search in the Danish National Registry of Deaths. Diagnosis was verified and clinical information obtained from medical records. The material is estimated to be more than 95 % complete. A total of 1705 diabetic subjects were identified of whom 23 were not representative of idiopathic Type 1 diabetes. The cumulative rate of Type 1 diabetes development during the first 20 years of life increased from 2.37 to 2.90 per 1000 for the first eight and last eight birth cohorts, respectively. A log-linear analysis of the incidence revealed significantly increasing incidence rates, independent of age effects, with a maximum in the late 1970's. About 75 % of the cases presented short duration of symptoms prior to diagnosis, and only very few cases were diagnosed incidentally. Cases were diagnosed relatively less frequently during summer months than during winter months.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00402552
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of statistical and connectionist models ability to predict cardiac output from other hemydamic variables (1996)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 22 (1996), S. S55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Conclusion The statistical and connectionist models are both superior to bedside evaluation. To be of clinical relevance the prediction of CI must be at least 95%, and therefore neither statistical nor connectionist models can replace the direct measurement of cardiac output.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01921229
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On universal 22 (1982)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Journal of linguistics 18 (1982), S. 231-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-2267
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies
    Notes: Greenberg's pioneering work on word order universals (Greenberg, 1966) in which he proposed a total of universals concerning the ‘order of meaningful elements’ as well as a typology based on this order distinguishing 24 language types has truly had a great influence on linguistic research in the past few years. Not only has this important contribution to our understanding of language universals and typology precipitated such widespread interest in this particular field of linguistics which has culminated in a number of language specific monographs (see for instance Heine, 1976; Lehmann, 1974; Friedrich, 1975); symposia (see Li, 1975, 1976, 1977) and even larger projects (for example the Language Universals Project of Stanford University, and the Cologne project on language universals, see Greenberg, 1978; Seiler, 1973, 1978), but it also has influenced linguistics in general to such an extent that many consider syntactic description and research to be incomplete without a thorough discussion of word order, in some cases to the virtual exclusion of other topics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022226700013591
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low plasma fibronectin after drowning (1985)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 11 (1985), S. 100-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Drowning ; Plasma fibronectin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The plasma concentrations of fibronectin were zero for 8 days in a 53-year-old male who was submersed for 5 min, but conscious at the time of admission to hospital. The patient developed multiple organ failure disseminated intravascular coagulation and finally died after 15 days. The low fibronectin values indicate prolonged severe reticulo-endothelial failure, and may be a prognostic sign in cases of drowning or asphyxia of other etiologies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00254783
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epidemiological studies of diabetes mellitus in Denmark: 3. Clinical characteristics and incidence of diabetes among males aged 0 to 19 years (1983)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 25 (1983), S. 226-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Epidemiology ; early onset diabetes mellitus ; incidence ; secular trend ; seasonally ; geographical distribution ; symptom duration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This study presents the clinical-epidemiological analysis of data from 769 individuals, representing 〉 95% of all cases of diabetes mellitus diagnosed during the first 20 years of life among the Danish male birth cohorts 1949–1956 inclusive. It is concluded that except for a very few, all cases of diabetes developing during the first 20 years of life are insulin-dependent with a duration of symptoms 〈 2 months before diagnosis in 〉 75% of the cases. The cases were evenly distributed within Denmark at the time of birth as well as of diagnosis, and 〉 98% were admitted to hospital at diagnosis. A relatively higher proportion of cases diagnosed during autumn and winter periods was found, but was not statistically significant. Incidence was analysed in a regression model with age and calendar time as variables; the variation of age at onset was similar to previous studies with a peak at pre-school age and at puberty. Contrary to previous Danish analyses, we found a significant calendar time variation with steadily increasing age-specific incidences from the beginning of 1950s until an apparent maximum in mid-1970s.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00279933
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Score test of homogeneity for survival data (1995)
    Springer
    Lifetime data analysis 1 (1995), S. 145-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9249
    Keywords: test of homogeneity ; overdispersion ; survival data ; partial likelihood ; counting processes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract If follow-up is made for subjects which are grouped into units, such as familial or spatial units then it may be interesting to test whether the groups are homogeneous (or independent for given explanatory variables). The effect of the groups is modelled as random and we consider a frailty proportional hazards model which allows to adjust for explanatory variables. We derive the score test of homogeneity from the marginal partial likelihood and it turns out to be the sum of a pairwise correlation term of martingale residuals and an overdispersion term. In the particular case where the sizes of the groups are equal to one, this statistic can be used for testing overdispersion. The asymptotic variance of this statistic is derived using counting process arguments. An extension to the case of several strata is given. The resulting test is computationally simple; its use is illustrated using both simulated and real data. In addition a decomposition of the score statistic is proposed as a sum of a pairwise correlation term and an overdispersion term. The pairwise correlation term can be used for constructing a statistic more robust to departure from the proportional hazard model, and the overdispesion term for constructing a test of fit of the proportional hazard model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00985764
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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