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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biological and chemical comparisons of methods for removing copper from macronutrient solutions used for plant growth investigations (1972)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 36 (1972), S. 547-559 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Two efficient procedures for the removal of copper contamination from molar stock solutions of plant macronutrients, one using the chelating ionexchange resin Chelex 100 and the other using ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate as a complexing agent followed by solvent extraction with redistilled chloroform have been described and compared biologically and chemically with two established methods of purification, the CaCO3/PO4 method of Stout and Arnon18 and the Al2O3 method of Donaldet al.6 The legumeMedicago truncatula was used for the biological test where growth responses and copper uptake values were recorded, statistically evaluated and used as a basis for comparison, while chemical tests were used for total heavy metals and residual copper in the individual molar stock solutions. Results showed the introduced procedures, provided that free iminodiacetic acid was removed from the chelating ion-exchange resin prior to nutrient purification, to be desirable additions to the methods already accepted for work of this type while the method of Donaldet al. 6 was least effective. In addition the introduced procedures had distinct advantages over the established methods in the minimisation of heavy metal recontamination and in the apparatus required. All methods tested produced more severe symptoms of copper deficiency in the test species than were obtained from control solutions prepared from AR. Salts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01373506
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biological and chemical comparisons of methods for removing copper from macronutrient solutions used for plant growth investigations (1972)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 36 (1972), S. 547-559 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Two efficient procedures for the removal of copper contamination from molar stock solutions of plant macronutrients, one using the chelating ionexchange resin Chelex 100 and the other using ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate as a complexing agent followed by solvent extraction with redistilled chloroform have been described and compared biologically and chemically with two established methods of purification, the CaCO3/PO4 method of Stout and Arnon18 and the Al2O3 method of Donaldet al.6 The legumeMedicago truncatula was used for the biological test where growth responses and copper uptake values were recorded, statistically evaluated and used as a basis for comparison, while chemical tests were used for total heavy metals and residual copper in the individual molar stock solutions. Results showed the introduced procedures, provided that free iminodiacetic acid was removed from the chelating ion-exchange resin prior to nutrient purification, to be desirable additions to the methods already accepted for work of this type while the method of Donaldet al. 6 was least effective. In addition the introduced procedures had distinct advantages over the established methods in the minimisation of heavy metal recontamination and in the apparatus required. All methods tested produced more severe symptoms of copper deficiency in the test species than were obtained from control solutions prepared from AR. Salts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01373506
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Manganese toxicity in pasture legumes (1971)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 34 (1971), S. 309-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The effects of Ca and P levels in the substrate on Mn toxicity in several pasture legumes were studied. In solution culture, high Ca supply alleviated Mn toxicity by reducing the proportion of absorbed Mn moving to the shoots, whereas high P application intensified the toxicity by increasing uptake. In addition, there was an indication of a Mn × P interaction in the plant which could influence dry matter yield of some tropical legumes. In the soil, Mn toxicity was influenced by both availability and plant processes. Toxicity could be prevented by small applications of CaCO3, effective largely by reducing the exchangeable Mn level. High Ca(H2PO4)2 supply aggravated toxicity by increasing the exchangeable Mn fraction of the soil. The influences of both CaCO3 and P on exchangeable manganese fraction were attributed to their effects on the pH of small soil pockets, without influencing general soil pH. In addition to its local effect on soil pH, high P supply could directly increase this fraction of soil Mn. Mn toxicity, either caused by Mn supply or induced by high P application, could be overcome by large Ca application in solution culture and by liming in the soil. Furthermore, the absolute levels of Ca and P in the substrate appeared to be more important than their ratios in affecting Mn toxicity. The implications of the results for fertilizer practice are discussed. Mn toxicity is suggested as an explanation of some cases of lack of response to P application, normally attributed to P fixation by the soil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01372787
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lack of effect of toxic aluminium concentrations on nitrogen fixation by nodulatedStylosanthes species (1982)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 66 (1982), S. 225-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Aluminium toxicity ; Nitrogen fixation ; Nodulation ; Stylosanthes hamata ; Stylosanthes humilis ; Stylosanthes scabra
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Effects of three solution aluminium concentrations (0, 25, and 100μM) on nitrogen fixation by well-nodulated plants ofStylosanthes hamata, Stylosanthes humilis andStylosanthes scabra are reported. Plants were inoculated with Rhizobium CB756 and grown for 21 days in an aluminium-free nutrient solution at pH 5.3 before imposition of the aluminium treatments. Nitrogen fixation was measured both by the increase in total nitrogen content of the plants and acetylene reduction in roots of plants harvested at 10 and 20 days after imposition of the aluminium treatments. Solution aluminium concentrations as high as 100μM, had no detrimental effect on nitrogen fixation in any species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02183981
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Manganese toxicity in pasture legumes (1971)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 34 (1971), S. 547-560 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The effects of pH and Mo levels in the growing media on Mn toxicity were investigated for white clover and five tropical pasture legume species. In solution culture, high Mo supply did not influence Mn toxicity. However, in two species, it caused Mo toxicity. High solution pH intensified Mn toxicity in white clover, probably by way of uptake. The effects of Ca and P on Mn toxicity reported in a previous paper, were not greatly influenced by solution pH. In the soil, Mo application greatly increased dry matter yield of white clover grown on soils high in exchangeable Mn. This effect was more easily attributed to an influence on N metabolism of the legume plant than on Mn toxicity. Measured soil pH was found to have little influence on the level of exchangeable Mn in the soil. However the larger pH changes in small soil pockets, resulting from non-uniform incorporation of chemicals in the soil, might have a more important effect on this fraction of soil Mn.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01372812
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of aluminium on nodulation of two Stylosanthes species grown in nutrient solution (1982)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 64 (1982), S. 141-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Aluminium toxicity ; Nodulation ; Stylosanthes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Effects of three solution aluminium concentrations (0, 25 and 100 μM) on nodulation ofStylosanthes hamata andStylosanthes scabra inoculated with Rhizobium CB 756 were studied using nutrient solution culture. Aluminium strongly affected nodulation by delaying nodule appearance and reducing the number and dry weight of nodules in both species. The effects of aluminium toxicity on nodulation were more pronounced inStylosanthes scabra than inStylosanthes hamata. These effects of aluminium on nodulation occurred before any significant effect of aluminium on top growth, root growth or root elongation. A plant transfer experiment suggested that aluminium interfered with root infection and/or nodule initiation in both species. The detrimental effect of aluminium on nodulation appeared to be associated with a reduction in lateral root density, thus decreasing the potential number of sites for root infection and nodule formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02184246
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in worm burden, haematological and serological response in rats after single and multipleAngiostrongylus cantonensis infections (1979)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 58 (1979), S. 233-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Thirteen groups of rats were first sensitized with single or double doses of 5–30 third-stage larvae ofAngiostrongylus cantonensis, followed by a challenge infection with 100 larvae at various periods after the primary infection. Seven other groups of rats receiving only the sensitizing infection served as the controls. In all the sensitized rats, a significantly (p〈0.05) smaller mean number of adult worms was found established in the challenge infection as compared to the control. The frequency of the sensitizing dose and timing of the challenge infection appeared to influence the intensity of the host's response. There was no conclusive evidence to indicate that the immune response could retard the growth, development, or sex ratios of the worms established in subsequent infections. A positive haemagglutinating antibody response was first observed in some rats as early as four weeks post-infection with 100 larvae when the worms began migrating from the brain to the lungs. The antibody response and eosinophilia were most pronounced during the oviposition of the female worms and hatching of firststage larvae. Changes in white blood cell, lymphocyte, and neutrophil counts were also followed in some groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00933930
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cross-resistance betweenTrichinella spiralis andAngiostrongylus cantonensis in laboratory rats (1979)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 59 (1979), S. 161-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Rats were sensitized with one dose of 20, 30, or 100, or three doses of 30Trichinella spiralis larvae and then given a challenge infection with 100 third-stage larvae ofAngiostrongylus cantonensis during different periods of development ofT. spiralis. A significant reduction in the mean number of adultA. cantonensis was found in all the experimental groups. The mean number of lung worms found in the groups varied from 56 to 68, whereas a mean of 82 was found in the control. This reduction is probably caused by the non-specific inflammatory reaction and cell-mediated response induced byT. spiralis in the intestine and other organs of the host. A weaker and slower haemagglutinating antibody response againstA. cantonensis was observed in animals infected with both species of nematodes. This may be attributed to a suppressive action elicited byT. spiralis against unrelated antigens. Changes in differential and total white blood cell counts were followed in some infected animals. An increase in neutrophils 3–4 weeks after infection with either or both species of parasites was observed. Eosinophilia occurred primarily in the lung phase of the metastrongyloid infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00927398
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