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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Redistribution and fate of colchicine-induced alkaline phosphatase in rat hepatocytes: possible formation of autophagosomes whose membrane is derived from excess plasma membrane (1995)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 104 (1995), S. 257-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The redistribution and fate of colchicine-induced alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) in rat hepatocytes were investigated by electron microscopic enzyme cytochemistry and biochemistry. ALPase activity markedly increased in rat hepatocytes after colchicine treatment (2.0 mg/kg body weight, intraperitoneal injection). At 20–24 h after colchicine treatment, the liver showed the highest activity of ALPase. Thereafter, ALPase activity decreased and returned to normal levels at 48 h. In normal hepatocytes from control rats, ALPase activity was seen only on the bile canalicular membrane. However, at 20–24 h after colchicine treatment, colchicine-induced ALPase was redistributed in the sinusoidal and lateral (basolateral) membranes as well as in the bile canalicular membrane. At 30–36 h after colchicine treatment, ALPase activity on the basolateral membrane gradually decreased. In contrast, ALPase in the bile canalicular membrane increased along with the enlargement of bile canaliculi, suggesting that ALPase in the basolateral membrane had been transported to the bile canalicular membrane. Furthermore, ALPase-positive vesicles, cisternae and autophagosome-like structures were frequently seen in the cytoplasm. ALPase was also positive in some lysosomal membranes. ALPase in hepatocytes at 48 h after colchicine treatment returned to almost the same location as in control hepatocytes. Altogether, it is suggested that excessively induced ALPase is at least partially retrieved by invagination of the bile canalicular membrane and then transported to lysosomes for degradation. In addition, this study indicates that excess plasma membrane might be a possible origin of autophagosomal membrane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01464321
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nonbacterial prostatitis caused by partial urethral obstruction in the rat (1999)
    Springer
    Urological research 27 (1999), S. 346-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Key words Nonbacterial prostatitis ; Animal model ; Partial urethral obstruction ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The pathogenesis of nonbacterial prostatitis (NBP) is not understood mainly due to the lack of appropriate experimental models. We developed a new experimental model of NBP by inducing a partial obstruction of the urethra (PUO) in the rat. Male Wistar rats aged 12 weeks were used. PUO was produced by a nylon ligature on the urethra over a rubber tube. The tube was slipped out after the ligature had been tied. Two rats were examined histologically 6 h, 1 day, 3 days and 7 days after PUO. In another group, two rats were killed at 1, 3 and 7 days after the release of the PUO that had been left in place for 3 days. On day 3, another eight rats with PUO and eight control rats had 2 ml of urine in the bladder replaced by the same volume of lucifer yellow (LY; 10 μg/ml, MW 500), microperoxidase (MP; 20 μg/ml, MW 1900), horseradish peroxidase (HRP; 10 μg/ml, MW 40 000), or saline as control, respectively. Lymphocytic infiltration and interstitial edema were noted in the prostate following PUO, being most prominent on day 3. After the release of the PUO, these inflammatory changes gradually disappeared. Only LY was noted within the prostatic stroma of the rats 2 h after bladder instillation. Intraprostatic urinary reflux may be an etiologic factor in NBP. The present study showed that lower urinary tract obstruction caused NBP in the rat. Penetration of prostatic tissue by low-molecular-weight substances in the urine may trigger NBP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002400050161
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The shape and distribution of lysosomes and endocytosis in the ciliary epithelial cells of rats (1993)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 274 (1993), S. 65-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Lysosomes ; Eye ; Ciliary body ; Acid phosphatase ; Endocytosis ; Cytochemistry ; Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The shape and distribution of lysosomes in the ciliary epithelium of rat eyes were examined by electron microscopy combined with acid phosphatase (ACPase) cytochemistry and three-dimensional observation of 2 μm-thick sections. ACPase activity was cytochemically localized in lysosomes and trans Golgi cisternae in the non-pigmented epithelial (NPE) and pigmented epithelial (PE) cells. In NPE cells, it was shown three-dimensionally, that most lysosomes had an elongate form, up to 5 μm in length, and a diameter of 70–100 nm. These elongate lysosomes (nematolysosomes) were predominantly located in the basal region of the cells. In contrast, PE cells had spherical lysosomes distributed at random throughout the cytoplasm. However, no nematolysosomes were seen in the PE cells. When the isolated ciliary processes were incubated in a medium containing horseradish peroxidase (HRP), HRP was incorporated into the nematolysosome-like structures by pinocytosis from the basal surface of the NPE cells. These findings suggest that nematolysosomes are associated with the pinocytotic activity of NPE cells. The pinocytosis-nematolysosomal route may be involved in the uptake and degradation of macromolecules from the aqueous humor in the posterior chamber.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00327986
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lysosomal movements during heterophagy and autophagy: With special reference to nematolysosome and wrapping lysosome (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 12 (1989), S. 101-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Lysosome ; Heterophagy ; Autophagy ; Cytoskeleton ; Cytochemistry ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Recent studies on lysosomal movements during heterophagy and autophagy performed in our laboratory for the past several years were reviewed; methods for the investigation of lysosomes and the cytoskeleton in these studies mainly involved electron microscopic cytochemistry.Lysosomal movements during heterophagy were observed in cultured rat alveolar macrophages taking up horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and rat peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) by fluid-phase pinocytosis and adsorptive pinocytosis, respectively. A characteristic lysosomal change which was induced by the pinocytosis was the appearance of long, threadlike lysosomes (nematolysosomes) in the cytoplasm. The effects of actin filament destabilizer and antimicrotubular drug on lysosomal changes revealed that the appearance of nematolysosomes was dependent on the presence of both actin filaments and microtubules. The close morphological relationship between lysosomes and cytoskeletal elements, such as actin filaments and microtubules in the alveolar macrophages, supports the participation of the cytoskeletal system in the regulatory mechanism of lysosomal movements.In the study of the lysosomal wrapping mechanism (LWM), which is one type of lysosomal movement that occurs during autophagy, it was found that the occurrence of LWM was dependent on energy - namely, the supply of ATP - and on the presence of actin filaments. However, deconstruction of microtubules induced or favored the occurrence of LWM. It is conceivable that the LWM is also related to the cytoskeletal system.We conclude that intracellular dynamics of lysosomes during heterophagy and autophagy are largely a consequence of complicated modulation by the cytoskeletal system.
    Additional Material: 34 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060120206
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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