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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cellular mechanisms of osteoclast formation and lacunar resorption in giant cell granuloma of the jaw (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Journal of oral pathology & medicine 32 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0714
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background:  Giant cell granuloma (GCG) is an osteolytic tumour of the jaw which is characterised by the presence of both mononuclear and multinucleated (osteoclast-like) giant cell components. The nature of these component cells and the pathogenesis of the extensive osteolysis associated with this lesion is uncertain.Methods:  Using cell culture techniques and immunohistochemistry, we defined the phenotypic characteristics of the mononuclear and multinucleated cells present in four cases of GCG of the jaw. We also analysed the cellular and humoral factors associated with osteoclast formation and osteolysis in these tumours and determined whether GCG stromal cells are capable of supporting osteoclast formation.Results:  GCG-derived giant cells expressed the phenotypic characteristics of osteoclasts (TRAP+, VNR+, and calcitonin responsive) and were capable of lacunar resorption. In addition to macrophages, the mononuclear cell population contained numerous spindle-shaped stromal cells which proliferated in culture and expressed RANKL; these GCG-stromal cells were capable of supporting human osteoclast formation from circulating monocyte precursors.Conclusion:  Our findings indicate that the giant cells in GCG of the jaw are osteoclast-like and formed from monocyte/macrophage precursors which differentiate into osteoclasts under the influence of RANKL-expressing mononuclear stromal cells found in this lesion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0714.2003.00069.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    β2-microglobulin amyloid deposition in hip revision arthroplasty tissues (1998)
    Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Histopathology 33 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Hip joint disease associated with progressive amyloid deposition in uraemic patients receiving chronic haemodialysis treatment often requires treatment by joint arthroplasty. The aim of this study was to determine whether β2-microglobulin amyloid deposition occurred in the periprosthetic tissues of arthroplasties that had undergone aseptic loosening and required a revision procedure.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods and resultsSections of the pseudocapsule, acetabular and femoral pseudomembrane surrounding failed total hip replacements of five uraemic patients known to have β2-microglobulin amyloid deposits at the time of primary joint replacement were examined for the presence of β2-microglobulin amyloid deposition by Congo red staining and immunohistochemical staining for β2-microglobulin and other amyloid proteins. Clinical and radiological features of each case, including postoperative history and extent of osteolysis, were also noted. In all cases evidence of β2-microglobulin amyloid deposits were found in one or more of the above periprosthetic tissues. In three of these cases amyloid deposition was extensive.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉ConclusionsThis study shows that β2-microglobulin amyloid deposition occurs in revision arthroplasty tissues. Accelerated loosening of the prosthesis is known to occur in uraemic patients and it is possible that β2-microglobulin amyloid deposition may contribute to early arthroplasty failure in uraemic patients who remain on haemodialysis treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2559.1998.00546.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Species differences in the immunophenotype of osteoclasts and mononuclear phagocytes (1992)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 50 (1992), S. 427-432 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Osteoclast ; Macrophage ; Monocyte ; Monoclonal antibody
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Human osteoclasts, in contrast to mononuclear phagocytes, are known to express a well-defined restricted range of myeloid antigens. To determine whether these antigenic differences are present in other species, we examined the immunophenotype of chicken and rabbit ostoeclasts, macrophages, macrophage polykaryons, and monocytes and compared them with similarly derived and cultured human cells. Human, rabbit, and avian osteoclasts reacted with monoclonal antibodies against human β1 integrins (CD29, CD49b, CD49d), β3 integrins (CD51, CD61), as well as human macrophage-associated antigen CD68. Avian osteoclasts also reacted for CD11a/18 and CD14 which are not present on human osteoclasts. Avian and mammalian monocytes, macrophages, and macrophage polykaryons expressed all the above antigens. Both avian and human macrophage polykaryons produced by culture of peritoneal macrophages reacted with anti-CD51 antibodies indicating that expression of the vitronectin receptor alone does not distinguish between these cells in vitro.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00296773
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma associated with Goldenhar’s syndrome (1999)
    Springer
    Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery 119 (1999), S. 347-348 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-3916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Goldenhar’s syndrome is characterised by bony abnormalities of the face, jaw and vertebral column. We report the first case of the development of a primary malignant neoplasm (mesenchymal chondrosarcoma) initially misdiagnosed as a meningioma, occurring in association with this syndrome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004020050425
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histological and microbiological findings in non-infected and infected revision arthroplasty tissues (2000)
    Springer
    Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery 120 (2000), S. 570-574 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-3916
    Keywords: Keywords Arthroplasty ; Infection ; Revision ; Septic loosening
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract An assessment of clinical and laboratory findings is generally required to distinguish between septic and aseptic loosening of a hip implant. In order to evaluate the diagnostic utility of histological and microbiological investigative techniques to differentiate between these two conditions, we analysed their results in 617 patients with hip implant loosening. Histology and microbiology study confirmed the clinical diagnosis of septic loosening in approximately 98% and 89%, respectively. The clinical diagnosis of aseptic loosening was confirmed by histology in 99% of cases. In all but 2 of 81 cases of septic loosening, in which an organism was isolated on microbiological culture, the histological diagnosis of septic loosening was made on the basis of the degree of the acute inflammatory infiltrate (i.e. the presence of 1 or more neutrophil polymorphs per high power field (× 400) on average after examination of at least 10 high power fields) in periprosthetic tissues. In 10 patients for whom there was a strong clinical suspicion of septic loosening but no organisms were isolated on microbiological culture, the histological findings, using the above criteria, were in keeping with the clinical diagnosis of septic loosening. As almost 11% of cases of septic loosening would not have been diagnosed by microbiological investigation alone, our findings indicate that histological examination of periprosthetic tissues should form part of the investigative protocol to distinguish between aseptic and septic loosening.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004020000174
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Osteoclastic differentiation by mononuclear phagocytes containing biomaterial particles (1998)
    Springer
    Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery 117 (1998), S. 136-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-3916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Aseptic loosening of implant components is a common and important complication of both cemented and uncemented prosthetic joint replacements. Wear particles derived from organic polymer and metal implant biomaterials are commonly found within macrophages and macrophage polykaryons in the fibrous membrane between loose implant components and the host bone undergoing resorption. In order to determine whether biomaterial particle-containing, foreign-body macrophages may contribute to periprosthetic bone resorption, we cultured murine monocytes that had phagocytosed particles of biomaterials commonly employed in bone implant surgery [polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (PE), titanium and chromium-cobalt] on bone slices and glass coverslips with UMR 106 osteoblast-like stromal cells in the presence of 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3. Under these conditions, all biomaterial particle-containing, foreign-body macrophages differentiated into osteoclastic cells, i.e. tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive multinucleated cells capable of extensive lacunar bone resorption. This study shows that particle phagocytosis by macrophages does not abrogate the ability of these cells to undergo osteoclast differentiation. These findings emphasise the importance of the foreign-body macrophage response to biomaterial wear particles in the pathogenesis of aseptic loosening.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004020050213
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibitory and Stimulatory Effects of Prostaglandins on Osteoclast Differentiation (1997)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 60 (1997), S. 63 -70 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Osteoclast — Differentiation — Bone resorption — Prostaglandins.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The effect of prostaglandins (PGs) on osteoclast differentiation, an important point of control for bone resorption, is poorly understood. After an initial differentiation phase that lasts at least 4 days, murine monocytes, cocultured with UMR106 osteoblastic cells (in the presence of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) give rise to tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) positive osteoclast-like cells that are capable of lacunar bone resorption. PGE2 strongly inhibits TRAP expression and bone resorption in these cocultures. To examine further the cellular mechanisms associated with this inhibitory effect, we added PGE2 to monocyte/UMR106 cocultures at specific times before, during, and after this initial 4-day differentiation period. To determine whether this PGE2 inhibition was dependent on the type of stromal cell supporting osteoclast differentiation, we also added PGE2 to cocultures of monocytes with ST2 preadipocytic cells. Inhibition of bone resorption was greatly reduced when the addition of PGE2 to monocyte/UMR106 cocultures was delayed until the fourth day of incubation; when delayed until the seventh day, inhibition did not occur. PGE2 inhibition of bone resorption was concentration-dependent and at 10−6 M was also mediated by PGE1 and PGF2α. In contrast to its effects on monocyte/UMR106 cocultures, PGE2 stimulated bone resorption in monocyte/ST2 cocultures. Both ST2 cells and UMR106 cells were shown to express functional receptors for PGE2. These results show that PGs strongly influence the differentiation of osteoclast precursors and that this effect is dependent not only on the type and dose of PG administered, but also on the nature of the bone-derived stromal cell supporting this process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900187
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Human Osteoclast Formation from Blood Monocytes, Peritoneal Macrophages, and Bone Marrow Cells (1998)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 62 (1998), S. 527-531 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Osteoclast — Monocyte — Macrophage — Differentiation — Bone Resorption.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Mononuclear precursors of the human osteoclast have been identified in both bone marrow and the circulation in man, but osteoclast membership of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) and its precise cellular ontogeny remain controversial. We isolated human hematopoietic marrow cells, blood monocytes, and peritoneal macrophages and incubated each of these cell populations with UMR106 osteoblast-like cells on glass coverslips and dentine slices in both the presence and absence of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF), and dexamethasone. Cells isolated from peripheral blood and peritoneal dialysis fluid were positive only for monocyte/macrophage markers (CD11a, CD11b, CD14, and HLA-DR) and negative for osteoclast markers [tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), vitronectin reception (VNR), and calcitonin (CT) receptors and did not form resorption pits on dentine slices after 24 hours in culture. Similarly marrow cells did not form resorption pits on dentine slices after 24 hours in culture. However, after 14 days in co-culture with UMR106 cells, in the presence of 1,25(OH)2D3 and M-CSF, numerous TRAP, CT receptor, and VNR-positive multinucleated cells capable of extensive lacunar resorption were formed in co-cultures of all these preparations. The presence of 1,25 (OH)2D3, M-CSF, and UMR106 were absolute requirements for osteoclast differentiation. It is concluded that precursor cells capable of osteoclast differentiation are present in the marrow compartment, the monocyte fraction of peripheral blood, and in the macrophage compartment of extraskeletal tissues and that these cells are capable of differentiating into mature functional osteoclasts. These findings argue in favor of osteoclast membership of the human MPS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900473
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extracellular matrix receptor and platelet antigens on osteoclasts and foreign body giant cells (1991)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 96 (1991), S. 169-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Osteoclasts (OCs) and other cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system possess receptors for adhesive proteins present in the extracellular matrix. The antigenic phenotype of OCs and foreign body giant cells (FBGCs) was investigated for the presence of several integrin molecules and other largely platelet-associated antigens involved in cell adhesion reactions. Both OCs and FBGCs expressed the α-chains of the vitronectin receptor (CD51) and of the VLA-2 (CDw49b) and VLA-4 (CDw49d) molecules as well as their respective β-chains, gpIIIa (CD61) and CD29. OCs and FBGCs also expressed CD9 and CD55 (DAF-Decay Accelerating Factor) and strongly reacted with antibodies directed against fibrinogen, fibronectin and vitronectin; the latter are ligands for several of the above matrix protein receptors. The data suggest that cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions involving adhesive proteins may be important in OC and FBGC function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315989
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glycosaminoglycans in intervertebral disc amyloid deposits (1995)
    Springer
    European spine journal 4 (1995), S. 308-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0932
    Keywords: Amyloid ; Intervertebral disc ; Dialysis arthropathy ; Glycosaminoglycans ; Keratan sulphate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Intervertebral discs are a common site of localized articular and some forms of systemic articular amyloid deposition. Whether there is an intrinsic matrix factor that favours amyloid deposition in intervertebral dics connective tissues is uncertain, but it is known that small localized deposits of amyloid in intervertebral discs are largely age related. As the glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) composition of the intervertebral dics is known to change with age, and as some forms of systemic amyloid deposition have been shown to be associated with particular highly sulphated GAGs, we examined the GAGs profile of amyloid deposits in intervertebral discs using mucin histochemistry (Alcian blue: MgCl2 critical electrolyte concentration) and immunohistochemistry. We found strong staining for very highly sulphated GAGs (0.9 M and 1 M MgCl2) and confirmed the presence of keratan sulphate in both localized and systemic, dialysis-associated β-microglobulin amyloid deposits within disc fibrocartilage. These findings suggest that qualitative and quantitative changes in matrix GAGs, particularly strongly sulphated GAGs such as keratan sulphate, may play a role in the pathogenesis of localized and systemic amyloid deposition in intervertebral discs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00301041
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